Napoleon's Wheel: Danube Campaign – Part 1
Napoleon's Wheel: Danube Campaign – Part 1 Rulebook
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
- 1.0 Introduction
- 2.0 Sequence of Play
- 3.0 Stacking
- 4.0 Zones of Control
- 5.0 Leaders
- 6.0 Command
- 7.0 Movement
- 8.0 Hidden Forces
- 9.0 Repulse
- 10.0 Combat
- 11.0 Combat Modifiers
- 12.0 Combat Results
- 13.0 Bombardment
- 14.0 Cavalry Charges
- 15.0 Fortified Places
- 16.0 Vedettes
- 17.0 Supply
- 18.0 Baggage and Pontoon Trains
- 19.0 Reinforcements
- 20.0 March Orders
- 21.0 Demoralization
- 22.0 Recovery and Reorganization
- 23.0 Weather
- Glossary and Index
- Series Rules Credits
- Study Folder
- 25.0 Scenarios
- 26.0 Victory Conditions
- 27.0 The Battle of Haslach
- 28.0 The Battle of Elchingen
- 29.0 The Battle of Dürnstein
- 30.0 The Battle of Schoengrabern
- 31.0 Ulm Mini-Campaign
- 32.0 The Battle of Austerlitz
- 33.0 Campaign Game
- Historical Notes
- Design Notes
- Bibliography
- Study Folder Credits
1.0 Introduction
This game is a two-player simulation of Napoleonic battles at the Grand Tactical level. You can play each game as an individual set-piece, or undertake a "Campaign" consisting of several battles played in sequential order.
1.1 Inventory
See the Study Folder for a complete list of components. (One six sided die is needed for play—not included). If any parts are missing, or with any rules questions, please write: Operational Studies Group, PO Box 569 • Sparks-Glencoe, MD 21152 • USA. e-mail: [email protected]
1.2 The Rulebooks
This rule book contains the basic rules that apply to all games in this series. The Study Folder contains Special Rules, Scenario Information, Historical Commentary, and Design Notes. All rules about the play of cards are in the optional booklet of Card Instructions (24.0).
1.3 The Map
The maps provide the playing surfaces, depicting the area where the battles occurred. A hexagonal grid overlaying the maps divides the playing surface into hexes. Each hex is 480 meters across (525 yards, 50 acres). Each hex has a four-digit code printed on it. Slope hexsides represent a rise of 50 to 100 feet or more. Crests are 20-50 feet. A hex is Woods or Marsh if one-third or more of the hex contains the terrain symbol.
1.4 The Playing Pieces
(1.41) The playing pieces are of five types: Combat Units, Vedettes (16.0), Leaders (5.0), Trains (18.0), and Markers. All combat units have a Full Strength side; most have a Reduced Strength reverse. Leaders, Vedettes and combat units with a Strength of "one" have a Flag reverse.
(1.42) How to Read the Units: The numbers and symbols printed on combat units include: Unit I.D.; Command Designation (Glossary); Combat Strength (one SP = ± 1 battalion, 1 cavalry regt., or 1 battery); Initiative Rating (5.22); Movement Allowance (7.2); Size (XX Division, X Brigade, III Regiment, II Battery, [X] Ad Hoc Task Force); Unit Type; and Number of Vedettes they can deploy (16.11).
(1.43) Markers: Markers are placed on the map to indicate status of units or hexes.
Counter reference — Leaders: a Commander shows Name, Command Points and Movement Allowance; an Officer shows Name, Command Designation, Initiative Rating and Movement Allowance. Combat Units show Unit I.D., Command Designation, Combat Strength, Initiative Rating, Number of Vedettes, Unit Type, Size and Movement Allowance. Unit-type symbols: Infantry, Heavy Cavalry, Vedettes (16.0), Artillery (13.0), Horse Artillery. Marker types: Failed Repulse, Out of Supply, Control, Demoralized, Out of Command, In Command, Pontoon Train, Baggage Train, Burnt Bridge, Turn.
1.5 Initial Set up
Carefully punch out the units and sort them by Command Designation. Then select a scenario (see Scenario Information in the Study Folder for details). The units are placed on the map according to the Initial Set up. The First Player (stated in the Scenario Information) always sets up before the Second Player. All units start hidden (8.0).
Units designated ® are set up with their reduced side facing up. Each side may place one force under March Orders if it has a Commander on the map (20.1).
2.0 Sequence of Play
The Game is played in a series of Game-Turns, representing one hour of daylight, or 3-6 hours of night.
2.1 Day Game-Turns
Each Day Game-Turn is divided into two Player Turns subdivided into four Phases. The First Player resolves all four Phases of his Player Turn, and then the Second Player does the same. Each of the Phases must be resolved in the exact order given. After the Second Player Turn, the Game-Turn is complete and a new Game-Turn begins.
First Player Turn
A. Start Phase:
- Weather Segment: The First player rolls on the Weather table on the first turn of each day, and at other times as determined by the Weather Duration Die Roll (23.12).
- Card Segment: OPTIONAL (24.0) See separate 4-page folder.
B. Command Phase:
- Supply Segment: On turns when weather is checked, or as indicated on the TRC, the Phasing Player checks supply for his forces (17.1). If not using the cards, the Phasing Player may declare a General Retreat (20.5).
- Recovery Segment: On turns when Weather is checked, or as indicated on the TRC, the Phasing Player may attempt to Recover Units (22.1).
- Reorganization Segment: The Phasing Player may use eligible Leaders to bring eliminated units back into play at reduced strength (22.2).
- Command Segment:
- a. The Phasing Player removes all "Out of Command" markers from his forces.
- b. The Phasing Player allocates his Command Points (6.1), placing Officers and Combat Units (within Command Range) "in Command."
- c. The Phasing Player may attempt to place formations that did not receive a Command Point "in Command" by rolling against the Officer's Initiative Rating (6.31).
- d. "Out of Command" markers are placed on all forces not in Command (6.1).
- e. Pontoon Bridges may be reconfigured (18.34).
C. Movement Phase:
- The Command Movement Segment: The Phasing Player may move all of his forces that are in Command (or under a March Order [20.1]). Reinforcements enter at this time. Units may attempt to Repulse enemy units out of the way (9.0).
- Initiative Movement Segment: The Phasing Player can now attempt to move Combat units that are marked "Out of Command." For each Out of Command unit he wishes to move he rolls against its Initiative Rating, then moves it if it passes (roll-move, roll-move). A die-roll equal to or less than this rating permits the unit to move up to its full Movement Allowance; however, the unit is still considered Out of Command and keeps its Out of Command marker. If the die roll is greater than its Initiative Rating, the unit may not move. NOTE: Individual units within Command Range of their Officers, whose officer already on this turn failed his Initiative check, may not themselves roll for initiative.
D. Combat Phase: Combat is resolved in a series of Steps as outlined below:
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- LOS Step: Both players simultaneously reveal all their Units and Leaders that are within LOS (8.3) of the enemy.
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- Cavalry Retreat Step: Defending cavalry, horse artillery, and Vedettes may Retreat Before Combat (10.2). After defending units have retreated, attacking cavalry may also Retreat Before Combat.
- 2A. Artillery Reaction Fire Step. The non-phasing Player executes bombardment (13.0). Bombardment Strength may be reduced by Counter-Battery Fire (CBF, 13.5).
- 2B. Attack Declaration Step: The attacker must declare which friendly units are attacking which enemy units (10.3).
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- Bombardment Step: The Phasing Player executes artillery bombardment (13.0). CBF applies (13.5). Artillery that was Suppressed or Retreated in Step 2A may not bombard now.
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- Cavalry Charge Step: The Phasing Player executes cavalry charges (14.0).
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- Combat Step: The Phasing Player conducts attacks (10.0). Exclude the strength of defending Arty that fired in Step 2A.
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- 2nd LOS Step: If opposing forces remain engaged (adjacent) after combat, they remain revealed. Forces no longer in Enemy LOS are again hidden (8.5).
Second Player Turn: Command, Movement and Combat Phases are resolved as described for the First Player. (If using the cards, begin with the optional Card Segment.)
A. Command Phase B. Movement Phase C. Combat Phase D. Game-Turn Marker Phase: The Game-Turn Marker is moved into the next space on the Turn Record Track, and a new Game-Turn begins.
2.2 Night Game-Turns
The first and last Game-Turn(s) of each 24-hour period are Night Turn(s). Night PM comes before Night AM. The differences between Night and Day are summarized below:
- The player turns in a Night Turn are reversed (the Second Player Turn is resolved before the First Player Turn).
- There is no Weather Segment—Weather for the night depends on the last daylight turn's weather.
- The Start Phase is different (2.2A).
- Only units under March Orders may move (20.4).
- There is a Disengagement Phase (2.2A1).
- There is no Night Combat Phase.
Second Player Night Turn
A. Start Phase
- Disengagement & LOS Segment (Night PM turns): The Phasing Player removes his units from any EZOCs one or two hexes, not entering another EZOC. If no hex is available, the units remain engaged. Units in a town, I.P., or chateau (15.0) are not required to Disengage. Check LOS (23.14).
- Recovery Segment: All Friendly units still remaining in the Awaiting Recovery box are shifted to the Recovered Section.
- Card Segment (Night AM turns): OPTIONAL. Count VP's for cards played, and for leaders in Towns. Remove used Mode Cards from play. Discard all cards from hand. Adjust decks if directed to by the scenario instructions. Reshuffle both decks.
B. March Order Dispatch Phase: (Night AM turns) Unless a General Retreat is declared, any one friendly Force may be sent a March Order (20.42). This March Order takes effect in the upcoming day. EXCEPTION: If a General Retreat is declared, this becomes effective immediately.
C. Night March Phase: Units with a current March Order (20.4) in effect. Movement Allowance at night is 2/3 MPs (inf/cav).
First Player Night Turn: 1st Player Night Turn comprises phases A-C above, and D.
D. Game-Turn Marker Phase: The Game-Turn Marker is moved into the next space on the Turn Record Track indicating the beginning of the next turn. Check the scenario for any turn-by-turn Victory Point awards.
3.0 Stacking
3.1 General Rule
It costs one Movement Point to stack one combat unit with another. You can move through a friendly unit's hex at no extra cost. EXCEPTION: Road March (3.3). Apply stacking limits only at the end of a phase.
3.2 Stacking Limits
(3.21) Basic Stacking Rule: Any two combat units, regardless of their size, type, or formation, may stack in a hex.
(3.22) Divisional Integrity: All units belonging to the same division may stack three to the hex without a leader present. EXCEPTION: Division-level formations with their own officer counter use 3.23 instead.
(3.23) Leader Stacking Bonus: A Leader's hex may contain up to 5 units, up to 2 of which may be infantry. If the stack has Divisional Integrity, 3 of the 5 units may be infantry. If the Leader leaves the hex then the overstacked units must leave too, per rules for Retreat (12.3) and Displacement (12.36).
(3.24) Free Stacking Units: Leaders, Deployed Pontoon Bridges, and Markers do not count against the stacking limit. Up to 3 vedettes (16.0) may join any stack over and above the stacking limits noted above. EXCEPTION (16.12).
3.3 Stacking Restrictions
Units in Road March: can unstack but may not stack. Units may not move through friendly units in Road March. Units in Road March may move through friendly units not in Road March.
Pontoon and baggage trains: may not stack with any type of unit (including other train units) and if displaced, they are destroyed (18.16).
Chateaux: A chateau loses its combat effect if the hex contains more than two defending infantry units, plus any leaders and vedettes (15.21).
4.0 Zones of Control
4.1 General Rule
The six hexes immediately surrounding a Combat Unit comprise its Zone of Control (ZOC). All Combat Units and vedettes exert a ZOC at all times, even into a hex occupied by an enemy unit. Leaders, Pontoon and Baggage Trains do not have ZOCs. If a Friendly Combat Unit is in an Enemy ZOC (EZOC), the opposing units are equally and mutually affected by the other's ZOC.
4.2 ZOCs and Terrain
ZOCs extend into all terrain types except across unfrozen Rivers or into Improved Positions and Chateaux. If an unfrozen River hexside intervenes (whether the hexside is bridged, unbridged, or contains a ford), the hex is not in a unit's ZOC.
Combat Units' and Vedettes' ZOCs extend into all adjacent hexes except across River hexsides. A Vedette ZOC is identical to a regular ZOC, except it does not block enemy retreats.
4.3 ZOCs and Movement
(4.31) Stops Movement: Combat Units and vedettes may freely enter EZOCs but then may not move again until they:
- Retreat Before or After Combat,
- the enemy retreats or is eliminated,
- they Disengage during a Night Turn (2.2A1), or
- after a successful Repulse (9.21).
The term "Engage" means entering an EZOC (Glossary).
(4.32) Prevents Movement: Leaders may not enter EZOCs voluntarily unless a Friendly Combat Unit occupies the hex. A Train cannot move into an EZOC at all.
4.4 ZOCs and Combat
During the Combat Phase every Phasing Combat Unit in an EZOC must attack (10.31 for exceptions). Every enemy Combat Unit that is in a Phasing Combat Unit's ZOC must be attacked. See Retreat Before Combat (10.2) for exceptions.
4.5 Other Effects of ZOCs
Night Disengagement (2.2A1); Leaders (5.3); Retreats (12.31); Lines of Supply (no effect—17.44); Vedettes (16.25); General Retreat (disengagement–20.51).
EXAMPLE: A Commander-Officer with [2] Command Points may command his own formation plus another formation's officer, and 2 more units of any friendly formation.
5.0 Leaders
5.1 Purpose
Leaders perform four important functions:
- They place Combat Units in Command (6.0) so that they may be moved as a formation, not individually.
- They Reorganize eliminated units (22.2).
- They facilitate the Advance After Combat of more than one Combat Unit (12.4-B).
- They facilitate Stacking (3.23).
5.2 Types of Leaders
(5.21) Commanders: Commanders have a Command Range of 4 hexes and a Movement Allowance of 10. Standing at the top of the "chain of command," they may place friendly Officers and Combat Units in Command. Each Commander has a Command Rating in brackets that is the number of Command Points he may execute in a given Command Phase. With each Command Point he can place in command one Officer plus one Combat Unit. An integrated division (3.22) counts as "one unit." EXAMPLE: A Commander with a Command Rating of [1] may place one Officer and one Combat Unit in Command.
(5.22) Officers: Officers are the middle link in the chain of command. They are in charge of specific Formations (Corps or Divisions). An Officer commands all Combat Units that share his Command Designation. Each Officer has an Initiative Rating in parentheses that is used to determine if he will move (if not already placed in Command by a Commander.) A die roll equal to or less than his Initiative Rating puts him in Command. Officers have a Command Range of 3 hexes and a Movement Allowance of 6. EXAMPLE: Bernadotte commanded the I Corps in 1806. All French Combat Units that bear the I Corps designation and a dark green stripe are part of Bernadotte's Formation, and may be placed in Command only by him or by a Commander.
(5.23) Commander-Officers: Commander-Officers are Commanders with a [1] or [2] rating, assigned to a specific formation. Their Command Range is 4. A Commander-Officer always has to spend his first command point to put his own formation in command. EXAMPLE: A Commander-Officer with [2] Command Points may command his own formation plus another formation's officer, and 2 more units of any friendly formation.
5.3 Leaders and EZOCs
A Leader may only enter an EZOC if accompanied by Friendly Combat Units or if a friendly Combat Unit is already there. A Leader may exit an EZOC during the Movement Phase but friendly units in the hex must remain there. EXCEPTION: (3.23).
5.4 Leaders and Combat
(5.41) Advance After Combat: Leaders and all (undemoralized) infantry and cavalry units of their stack may advance one hex into a hex vacated by the enemy as a result of combat.
(5.42) Retreat and Capture: Leaders stacked with friendly combat units can always retreat with their stack. Every Leader in a retreating stack is subject to a separate die-roll: on a 1-5, he retreats 1-4 hexes, per combat result;* on a 6, he is captured (immediately removed from play). *If the stack is eliminated, use the table below (5.51).
5.5 Leader Capture or Displacement
(5.51) A Leader alone is subject to capture whenever adjacent to enemy combat units that exert a ZOC into the Leader's hex; or whenever he is the target of a bombardment that produces a result. As soon as this occurs, roll a die: on a 1-5, he is displaced to the nearest friendly-occupied hex (a path of retreat is not needed for one man); on a 6, he is captured (immediately removed from play).
(5.52) Replacement Officer: If a Corps officer is captured, place his counter on the Turn Track two turns in the future (if he is captured on GT 4, place him on the track for GT 6). That turn bring the leader in at the start of the Command Phase, within one hex of the friendly unit nearest to his last hex. Henceforth the officer will have one point less than the original Initiative (a "1" stays a "1"). A Commander-Officer's replacement (5.23) is an officer with an Initiative of 4. (When Commanders are captured they not replaced.)
6.0 Command
6.1 The Command Segment
During the Friendly Command Segment, the Phasing Player uses the following procedure to determine which of his Officers (and Forces) are in Command:
STEP 1: Each commander may use his Command Rating (5.21) to place in Command friendly units within his Command Range (4 hexes). With each Command Point he can place in command one Officer plus either any one Combat Unit or one stack of an Integrated Division. If an Officer is in Command, then all his units within his Command Range (3 hexes) are automatically in Command. If in Road March the entire Road March column is in command.
STEP 2: Conduct Initiative Checks (6.31) for any/or all Officers not placed in Command by a Commander.
STEP 3: After all Command Points have been allocated, the Phasing Player places Out of Command (OOC) markers on top of each Officer, unit or stack not in Command. If an entire corps is out of command, place the OOC marker on the corps officer who has failed his Initiative roll. If individual units of a corps are in command, while the rest of the corps is OOC, place in Command Markers on the units in command, and place the OOC marker on the corps officer.
6.2 Effects of Command
IN COMMAND: An Officer or Combat Unit placed in Command in this Command Segment is in Command until the next Friendly Command Segment. Units in Command may move and Advance After Combat. Trains, Commanders, and units under March Orders are always in Command.
OUT OF COMMAND: If an Officer or Combat Unit is Out of Command at the end of a Friendly Command Segment, it remains so until the next Friendly Command Segment. Out of Command Combat units suffer the following penalties:
- They may not damage or repair Spans (7.6).
- May expend their full Movement Allowance during the Initiative Movement Segment only if they pass an individual Initiative check (6.32). An officer may roll just to move himself if he didn't roll in the Command Segment.
- May NOT Advance After Combat or Bombardment.
Combat Units do not have to be in Command in order to attack (10.0), Bombard (13.0), or Charge (14.0).
6.3 Initiative Checks
(6.31) Officer Initiative Checks: To conduct an Initiative check for Officers not receiving direct Command, roll the die. If the result is equal to or less than his Initiative, the Officer is in Command and all units in his Formation within Command Range (6.4) are also in Command. If the die roll was greater than the Initiative Rating, place an Out of Command marker on the Officer. An officer Out of Command because he reorganized units this turn cannot perform an Initiative check.
EXAMPLE: Officer A belongs to I Corps. Officer B belongs to VI Corps. Ney, the Commander, is within 4 hexes of Officer A so he can use his Command Point to put that Officer in Command (note that the command range may only cross River hexsides at Bridges). Officer A then transmits Command to his four units of his corps (within 3 hexes). Ney also puts one Combat Unit of VI Corps in Command. Command Range cannot enter EZOCs. Officer B will have to roll for Initiative. If successful, his remaining 3 units are in command.
(6.32) Combat Unit Initiative Checks: During the Initiative Movement Segment, Out of Command units may check for Initiative. You can bypass your Corps Officers and rely upon the initiative of individual units if you wish to do so. However if you roll first for an officer's initiative, then any of his units that are in command range may not roll for initiative. If the OOC Unit passes this check it may move, but its Out of Command marker is not removed as a reminder that it may not advance after combat.
NOTE: Officers who successfully roll for Initiative are in Command—individual units that successfully roll for Initiative remain Out of Command.
EXAMPLE: Two combat units are in range of their Officer who failed his Initiative die roll. These combat units may not roll for Initiative. If the Player did not roll for the Officer, he could roll for the units in the Initiative Movement Segment.
(6.33) Demoralized: The Initiative of a Demoralized unit is always 1 less than printed (21.2).
(6.34) Divisional Initiative: The Player may choose to roll once for each integrated division (3.22), using the best initiative in the division as the whole stack's initiative.
6.4 Command Range
Commanders have a Command Range of 4, Officers a Command Range of 3 hexes. All hexes count as "one" regardless of terrain. Units belonging to the same formation in a Road March column are in Command if they are within two hexes of any other unit of their formation in Road March, on a connected road or trail, that is itself already in command.
Command Range may not be traced:
- into an EZOC which is unoccupied by Friendly Combat Units;
- into an enemy-occupied hex; or
- across an unbridged and unfrozen River or Lake Hexside.
7.0 Movement
7.1 The Basics
During the Movement Phase, the Phasing Player may move all, some, or none of his units up to their full Movement Allowance (MA) in any direction, subject to terrain restrictions and the presence of Enemy units and EZOCs. A unit must be in Command, under a March Order, or must pass an Initiative check to be able to move. The Phasing Player may move units individually or as a stack. Whether moving individually or by stack, each move must be completed prior to moving the next individual unit or stack. Once the Phasing Player has removed his hand from the unit he is moving he may not return to moving that piece again to make a long narrow column: trains in the middle, infantry marching off to either side.
7.2 Movement Points (MPs)
(7.21) Each hex costs a number of MPs. The amount varies depending on the terrain in the hex and on the hexside crossed (the Terrain Effects chart). The MP costs are deducted from the Movement Allowance of the unit as it moves from hex to hex. All MP costs are cumulative. Unused MPs may not be saved up from turn to turn or loaned by one unit to another. When a unit ceases movement, all unused MPs are forfeit. EXCEPTION: If a hex has both Woods and a Chateau, ignore the Chateau cost.
(7.22) Cavalry Costs: Horse Artillery, Trains, Leaders, Cavalry and Vedettes pay cavalry costs for all terrain types.
EXAMPLES: Unit A is a Cavalry unit so must pay 4 MPs to enter a Woods hex. Unit B is infantry and only pays 2 MPs for Woods. Note that crossing a Crest hexside does not cost MPs. Unit C is not in Road March so must pay 1 MP for each road hex and +1 MP to cross a stream hexside. Unit D is already in Road March so pays only ½ MP for each road hex and ignores the +1 MP cost to cross bridges and move up Slope. Note that a unit in Road March may leave the road at any time. Unit E pays +1 MP to cross the Bridge and +1 MP to move up the Slope. Unit F is a cavalry type unit and must pay 4 MPs to enter a Marsh hex. Moving down slope costs 0.
7.3 Minimum Movement
A unit may never expend more MPs than its MA in a single Movement Phase; however, if the cost of the first hex and hexside exceeds the printed Movement Allowance of the unit, it may move into the hex and end its move for that turn.
7.4 Movement Restrictions
Once the Phasing Player has removed his hand from the unit he is moving he may not return to moving that piece again without the consent of his opponent.
A Unit cannot enter a hex occupied by an opposing unit. EXCEPTION: Cavalry Charge (14.0).
7.5 Road March
In order to benefit fully from the road, a formation would have to make a long narrow column: trains in the middle, infantry marching off to either side.
(7.51) Road March Procedure: All units (including Trains and Demoralized units) may use Road March. The player may declare Road March at any point in the unit's movement. As the Phasing Player begins to move a unit on the road, he declares that it will use the road MP cost and the unit is marked with a "Road March" marker. A unit in Road March need not remain on road hexes, but is in Road March until declared otherwise (7.56).
NOTE: There is no cost to declare Road March, and no cost to rotate the directional arrow on the Marker.
(7.52) The Road March Rate: When in Road March, a unit moving from Road to contiguous Road hex pays ½ MP and ignores other terrain costs including Spans. When not in Road March a unit moving from trail/road to connected trail/road hexes pays 1 MP per hex (ignoring all other terrain costs except Spans).
(7.53) Road March Restrictions: The restrictions below apply to combat units and trains (not Leaders and Vedettes). Units in Road March may move through and end the Movement Phase adjacent to Friendly units that are not in Road March. However, units in Road March may not:
- stack or move as part of a stack.
- move through a hex containing other units in Road March, nor may other units move through units in Road March.
- enter a hex connected by road or trail to an adjacent Friendly unit in Road March.
(7.54) Road March and Enemy Units: Units in Road March may not make a regular attack, bombard, or charge during the Combat Phase. If attacked they are not penalized but immediately remove the Road March marker. A Unit in Road March must attempt Repulse (9.0) if it enters an EZOC.
(7.55) Road March and Command: A unit in Road March is in Command if within two hexes of another unit of its formation in Command (6.4).
(7.56) Ending Road March: It costs 1 MP to remove a Road March marker voluntarily during the Movement Phase.
(7.57) Vedettes and Leaders: Vedettes and Leaders alone do not need Road March Markers. They always pay road movement rates. Vedettes and Leaders may ignore Road March restrictions and are ignored by units in Road March.
(7.58) Road Movement in Square: Units in Square (14.23) may benefit from Road Movement if moving on Roads or Trails (see Charge Combat Table, Key).
7.6 Bridges and Trestles
Bridges cross Rivers. Trestles cross Stream hexsides. The term "Span" includes both Bridges and Trestles.
(7.61) Crossing a Span: Units may only cross an unfrozen River hexside by moving over a Bridge or Pontoon (18.33). Combat Units not in Road March pay the following MPs to cross a span:
- +1 MP to cross a Bridge or Trestle.
- +2 MPs to cross a Damaged Bridge (even if in Road March).
- Units in Road March, Leaders, and Vedettes never pay extra MPs to cross undamaged spans. Leaders and Vedettes do not have to be in Road March.
(7.62) Damaging Trestles: Any Combat Unit that is not in an EZOC and in Command may damage a Trestle by expending 1 MP in either hex adjoining the spanned hexside. Place a "Burnt Bridge" marker on the damaged Trestle. Damaged Trestles are treated as if they do not exist for purposes of movement, combat, or tracing supply.
(7.63) Damaging Bridges: To damage a Bridge use 7.62 and:
- Only Infantry units may damage Bridges.
- It costs 2 MPs to damage a Bridge.
- Artillery, trains, and supply lines may not cross.
When attacked across any bridge, defenders are doubled. In addition, when attacking across a damaged bridge:
- Use the CRT shifting two-columns left.
- Ar*/Dr* does not convert to Shock. Do not use Shock Table.
- Instead of "Sk" result each side reduces 1 unit; no retreat.
- Dr, Dr2, Dr3, Dr4 requires an Initiative die roll. If the lead unit passes its Initiative check, it may advance across the bridge and defender retreats 1-4 hexes. If lead attack unit fails its Initiative, reduce it and both sides remain in place.
- For retreats across a bridge (damaged or undamaged–12.33).
(7.64) Bridge Repair: Follow the procedure for damaging a Bridge (paying 2 MP) or Trestle (1 MP). Multiple repair attempts in a turn are allowed. For each attempt, roll one die: a roll of 1-3 repairs either a Bridge or Trestle; a roll of 4-5 repairs a Trestle only (no effect on a Bridge); a roll of 6 has no effect on either. Notes: If either end of the span is in an EZOC, apply a modifier of +1 to the repair die roll; if occupied by an enemy Combat Unit, repair is not permitted.
(7.65) Using a Repaired Span: A Bridge or Trestle may be crossed by any units the moment it is repaired. It may be used for tracing Supply starting on the turn following its repair.
7.7 Other Movement Rules
Night Movement (2.2B); Night Disengagement (2.2A1); Cavalry Charge (14.0); Movement of Trains (18.11).
8.0 Hidden Forces
8.1 General Rule
All forces start the game hidden and remain hidden until revealed. Reinforcements are hidden upon entry.
8.2 Hiding Units
From each stack of units, select one of the following to cover the stack: a Leader, a Vedette, a unit with strength of "one" (those counters have a flag on their reverse sides). If none of the above are present, use a Road March Marker, a Demoralized Marker, an Out of Supply Marker, if any of the above apply; or a Hidden Force Marker. Place the selected counter on top of the stack with the flag or status marker showing.
8.3 Revealing Units—Reconnaissance
A Hidden Force is revealed:
- During the Movement Phase if in a Repulse—only units involved are revealed at the time of Repulse (9.0).
- During the Movement Phase upon entering an EZOC—consult the "Reconnaissance Table." If no Repulse is attempted, each player will reveal all Friendly LC and/or vedette units present in the hex, then cross-reference to determine whether other units will be revealed or whether the vedette(s) are eliminated.
- In the LOS Step at the beginning of any Combat Phase if in an EZOC or within LOS—both sides are revealed. All hidden units within the LOS must be revealed.
- When a unit retreats or advances after combat into an EZOC; only the adjacent units on both sides are revealed.
8.4 Determining Line of Sight (LOS)
(8.41) General Rule: The LOS is a straight line of 3 hexes from center to center. The LOS is obstructed by Blocking Hexes and Blocking Hexsides, or a hex occupied by units of either side. If any hex or hexside between the sighting unit and the target is blocking terrain, the Line of Sight is blocked. EXCEPTION: Adjacent units are always in LOS of each other. See also 23.0 for Weather effects on LOS.
(8.42) Blocking Hexes: Woods, Chateaux, Hilltops, and Town hexes are Blocking Hexes. A Slope hex blocks the Line of Sight unless the viewing unit is: 1) looking downslope through the Slope hexside; 2) on a Slope hex viewing another slope hex with no other blocking hexes intervening; or 3) on a Hilltop hex viewing a Hilltop that is not at a higher elevation.
(8.43) Blocking Hexsides: Crest and Slope Hexsides are Blocking Hexsides. The LOS is blocked if it passes through the juncture of two or more blocked hexsides or the juncture of a blocking terrain hexside and a blocking terrain hex. EXCEPTIONS: LOS for the sighting unit (only) is not blocked by:
- Crest hexsides adjacent to the sighting unit, including the vertices on both ends of the hexside (diagram below), or
- Slope hexsides adjacent to a sighting unit on a hilltop hex. A unit on a hilltop can see enemy units below, but the units on lower ground can't reveal the unit on the hilltop.
- In these cases LOS is not reciprocal (also 13.34).
8.5 Obscuring Hidden Forces
A Unit remains revealed as long as it stays in an EZOC, and/or sighted by an enemy LOS. At the end of the Combat Phase, all units not in LOS are re-hidden.
EXAMPLE: Each hex on the diagram is labeled as to whether Senarmont's unit has an LOS into that hex. Note that artillery cannot fire over friendly units, even when on a hilltop. Blocking Terrain in this example is Towns, Woods, units, Slope and Crest. Hexes beyond range are indicated with diagonal lines.
9.0 Repulse
9.1 Repulse Procedure
(9.11) During the Movement Phase (only) the Phasing Player may attempt to Repulse enemy units in the path of his units; if successful the enemy will retreat immediately. The Combat Units attempting Repulse must first expend the MP cost of the adjacent enemy-occupied hex (or if more than one, the one with the greatest MP cost).
(9.12) Resolving a Repulse Attempt: Both players reveal their units involved. All units that project a ZOC into the repulsing unit's hex must be repulsed as one combined strength. In order for a Repulse to succeed the Repulsing units must have 5:1 odds or greater. Repulsed units retreat in the same fashion as retreats after combat (12.3).
(9.13) Terrain Effects on Repulse: Combat Strengths on both sides may be modified by Terrain (11.1); other Combat modifiers do not apply in a Repulse.
(9.14) Repulse of Vedettes: Vedettes may not attempt Repulse and Repulses against Vedettes always succeed.
9.2 Repulse Effects
(9.21) Effects of a Successful Repulse: If the Repulse succeeds then the Repulsed enemy units immediately retreat two hexes. The Repulsing stack must enter the vacated hex (it has already paid the MP cost). If there is more than one vacated hex, the Repulsing Player chooses one. After a successful Repulse the units may continue moving to the limit of their Movement Allowance, and may attempt a subsequent Repulse. A unit may be Repulsed twice in a single turn.
(9.22) Effects of a Failed Repulse: If the Repulse is unsuccessful, both sides immediately remove any Road March markers. The Repulsing stack immediately ceases movement and must attack the same unit(s) it attempted to Repulse in the following Combat Phase, unless terrain allows units not to attack. Other Friendly units may join this attack. This attack is conducted at two odds columns less than the actual odds. No other column shifts apply.
EXAMPLE: 14 Strength Points attacking 3 would normally resolve at (4:1); after a two-column shift, the combat is resolved at (2:1).
10.0 Combat
10.1 The Combat Phase
All Combat between opposing units occurs during the Combat Phase (2.1D for the sequence). Only adjacent Combat Units may be attacked (EXCEPTION: Bombardment—13.0). A defending stack may be attacked only once per Combat Phase (EXCEPTION: a hex can be Bombarded and then attacked).
(10.11) LOS Step 2.1/D1: At the beginning of the Combat Phase both players reveal all their units and leaders that are within the enemy Line of Sight (8.4), even if there will be no Combat.
10.2 Retreat Before Combat (RBC)
(10.21) Cavalry RBC: Defending and then Attacking stacks composed only of Cavalry (plus any Leaders, Vedettes and Horse Artillery stacked with Cavalry) may elect to retreat one or two hexes out of an EZOC prior to combat. Vedettes by themselves must Retreat Before Combat (16.26). During this RBC units may not enter an EZOC—except Vedette ZOCs (16.25). A unit can take only one retreat before combat per turn. If a lone Vedette can't retreat, place it in the appropriate box as in retreat after combat (12.34). NOTE: RBC allows Cavalry to reveal the enemy force during the Combat Phase.
(10.22) Horse Artillery RBC: Horse Artillery that begins a Combat Phase alone (or with an all-cavalry stack) in an EZOC may conduct a 1-hex RBC. Horse Artillery units that do a RBC may still bombard that turn. A lone Horse Artillery unit in an EZOC of any enemy Cavalry unit may not RBC.
(10.23) Restrictions: Units in the EZOC of a cavalry unit with an equal or greater Movement Allowance may not Retreat Before Combat. Cavalry and Horse Artillery may not retreat before combat if surrounded, if stacked with infantry or artillery (other than Horse Artillery), or in a combat resulting from an unsuccessful Repulse.
(10.24) Supply and Morale: Supply and Demoralization do not affect a unit's ability to Retreat Before Combat.
(10.25) Leaders: Leaders that Retreat Before Combat do not roll for capture (5.5).
(10.26) Advance After an RBC: Enemy units may not advance into the vacated hex caused by an RBC, except at a Bridge. Cavalry defending a bridge that retreats before combat may be followed-up by enemy attackers across the bridge. (Because of its importance they would likely seize the bridge if left undefended even for less than a whole turn.)
10.3 Defining Combat
(10.31) All Engaged Units Must Attack: The Phasing Player must define all his combats before resolving them. The attacker may define his attacks freely—provided all enemy units in his ZOCs are attacked or bombarded, and all of his engaged Combat Units attack. Cavalry that retreats before combat does not count as attacking. EXCEPTIONS:
- Units in Towns, Improved Positions, or Chateaux do not have to attack; if they attack, 15.12 applies.
- An artillery unit in an EZOC does not have to attack if other units in its hex do so (13.41).
- An artillery unit that bombarded this turn cannot join in an attack.
- A unit in Road March cannot join in an attack.
- A cavalry unit that charged this turn cannot join an attack.
- If an artillery unit bombards a hex, it frees friendly units adjacent to that hex from having to attack it (13.6)—unless other enemy units are adjacent.
(10.32) Rivers and Combat: Adjacent units that are on the opposite side of an unbridged, unfrozen River may not be attacked but may be bombarded. Adjacent units on the opposite side of a bridged, unfrozen River may attack but need not do so.
(10.33) Multi-Hex Combat:
- A defending stack may be attacked by up to six enemy stacks (one in each adjacent hex).
- All of the defending Combat Units in a stack must be attacked as a single combined strength—they may not be attacked separately.
- Two or more defending hexes may be attacked as a single force if the Attacker is adjacent to all defenders.
- All attacking Combat Units in a single stack must attack as one combined strength.
- If an attacking stack is located in the ZOC of several enemy stacks, and no other Friendly stack is adjacent to the enemy stacks, it must attack all of the stacks as one attack (and the defender may choose the one applicable terrain modifier that is most beneficial to him).
10.4 Combat Procedure
The Phasing Player conducts attacks in the order he desires. Attacks are resolved one at a time, and their results fully applied before proceeding with the next attack. Follow these steps for each combat:
STEP 1: Compare the combined attack strength of the participating attacking units against the total defense strength (modified by terrain) of the defending units. This is expressed as an odds ratio (attacker to defender). Round off this odds ratio downward to conform to the next lower odds ratio on the CRT. (Retain all fractions until the odds are computed.) EXAMPLE: 16 SPs attacking 6 SPs reduces to 2:1. 15 SPs attacking 10 would be resolved at 1.5:1 odds.
STEP 2: The attacking player locates the calculated combat odds column on the Combat Results Table and rolls the die. Cross-referencing the die result with the odds column gives the Combat Result, which is applied immediately.
STEP 3: Adjust Casualty Level Markers to reflect combat strength lost (21.1).
11.0 Combat Modifiers
11.1 Terrain Effects on Combat
The terrain in the defending hex—or on the hexside separating the defending force from the attacker—may affect Combat Strengths. Retain all fractions until the odds have been calculated. Terrain Effects on Bombardment are different (13.36). If a unit's strength is reduced to zero, its attack doesn't take place (it remains engaged).
A. Towns: If all defenders are in towns, change Ar*/Dr* results to "Shock" (12.1). Defending Infantry Units have their total Combat Strength increased by 50%. EXCEPTION: Units with an Initiative of "1" (untrained) obtain no defensive benefit from Towns. Cavalry cannot charge into towns.
B. Slopes, Streams & Trestles: If all attacking stacks are attacking across Streams or Trestles, and/or uphill across Slope hexsides, the total strength of the defending force is increased by 50%. The Defender gets the slope benefit only if defending in a hilltop and attacked from the slope hex. Cavalry units cannot Charge uphill or across a Stream or Trestle.
C. Woods hexes: The total strength of all Cavalry and Artillery attacking into or defending in a Woods hex is halved. For all units defending in Woods, change Ar*/Dr* results to "Shock" (12.1). Cavalry units cannot Charge into Woods.
D. Bridges: Units are never required to attack across a Bridge. If all Combat Units are attacking across a Bridge or pontoon over a River (frozen or unfrozen), the Combat Strength of the defending unit is doubled. If the bridge is damaged see (7.63).
E. Crests: Change Ar*/Dr* results to "Shock" (12.1).
F. Chateau: Up to 2 defending Infantry are doubled. Change any Dr result (up to Dr4) to Shock unless the defender is demoralized. Cavalry units cannot Charge into a Chateau hex. Chateau effects on combat are negated in some situations (15.21).
G. Marsh: The total of all Cavalry and Artillery strengths are halved when attacking into or defending in a Marsh. Change "Ar*" result to Shock.
H. Rivers and Lakes: Combat Units may attack across unfrozen Rivers only at Bridges or pontoons (18.3). Frozen Rivers and Lakes are treated as Streams.
NOTE: Terrain modifiers for one side are not cumulative. Always use the one best modifier available to the defender.
11.2 Combined Arms
The attacker (only) may gain a +1 column shift in Combat if he has Infantry, Artillery, and Cavalry participating in the same attack. The Combined Arms benefit is not cancelled by a defending stack of all arms. Vedettes and artillery units that bombarded this phase are disregarded. The Combined Arms bonus does not apply if any of the defenders involved are in Town, Woods, Orchards, I.P.s or Marsh; across a Bridge (across Streams OK); or in Chateaux (unless demoralized). An overrunning Cavalry unit may be considered for Combined Arms even if it is eliminated in the Charge.
11.3 Staking Guard Units
This rule applies to all Guard ("OG," "Gd.," "Gde.," but not "GC" or "YG") units on both sides.
- Once per game, a player may "stake" his Guard units in any one combat. That player receives a one-column favorable shift on the CRT for that combat. A player is never required to stake the Guard. A Guard unit can be in combat without being "staked."
- If any infantry unit of the Guard is involved in an attack (at any time) and the result is "Ae," "Ar," or "Ex," the Demoralization Levels of all Friendly Formations a) whose officers are within 10 hexes or b) that currently have no officer but have any units within 10 hexes are immediately and permanently reduced by 4. EXCEPTION: Regardless of the combat result, if the attack by the Guard demoralizes the opposing formation, then the owning player's Demoralization Levels are not reduced.
- No formation can have its morale reduced more than once per game. French cavalry corps and formations with 4 units or fewer do not have their Demoralization Level reduced.
11.4 Napoleon
If Napoleon is stacked with an engaged force, the odds for combat shift one column in his favor at the French Player's discretion. (Does not apply to Bombardments or Charges.) EXAMPLE: Napoleon is part of a one-to-one attack, the odds shift to 1.5:1. If Napoleon is defending and the odds are three to one, reduce to two-to-one.
11.5 Other Combat Modifiers
Failed Repulse (9.22); Improved Positions (15.2); Snowstorms, Thunderstorms, Artillery in Mud (23.0).
12.0 Combat Results
12.1 Explanation of Combat Results
Ae: All attacking Combat Units are eliminated.
Ar (Ar2 or 3): All attacking Combat Units must retreat 1 (2, or 3) hexes.
Ar*/Dr*: During any Storm; across a Crest hexside; or into a Marsh, Woods, Orchard, or Town hex, treat as Shock Result. These sudden encounters occur more frequently in confined passages.
Dr (Dr 2, 3, 4): All Defending Units must retreat 1 (2, 3, or 4) hexes. EXCEPTION: Chateaux (15.1) and attacking across damaged bridges (7.63).
De: All defending Combat Units are eliminated.
Ex (Exchange): All Combat units on the weaker side are eliminated; the stronger side eliminates units which total at least 50% of the (face) Combat Strength of the weaker side. See Exchange Notes below.
12.2 The Shock Table
Sk (Shock): If you obtain a Shock Result, each player rolls one d6. On a 1, 2 add 0; 3, 4 add +1; 5, 6 add +2; to the Initiative of your best unit (the "Lead" unit) and consult the Shock Table (12.2). Victorious cavalry, that is not Demoralized, Out of Supply or Out of Command (whether attacking or defending) must advance into the vacated hex, up to the stacking limit.
SHOCK NOTES
A. The Initiative of a Demoralized unit is 1 less than printed.
B. When Artillery is alone in the hex, disregard its Initiative rating and use "1" for its Shock Combat value.
C. Any overrunning Cavalry must be the lead unit (14.24).
D. Shock Modifier: Increase an Attacker's Modified Initiative by 1 if the combat was resolved at 3:1 or greater on the CRT.
E. 1R = Reduce one attacking and one defending unit. The owner must reduce either the strongest or the best initiative of his units involved.
EXAMPLES OF COMBAT: Units A-1 and A-2 attack unit T at 11 to 4 odds, which rounds down to 2-1. Units B-1 and B-2 attack unit U in the Woods. The Woods halve the cavalry unit's combat strength and converts any Ar*/Dr* results to Shock (Sk). The odds are 3.5 to 4 which rounds down to 1-1.5. Unit C attacks unit V across a Crest hexside—the odds are 9 to 4 which rounds down to 2-1. The Crest hexside will convert an Ar*/Dr* result to a Shock Result (which is in unit C's favor). Unit D attacks unit W across a Stream hexside into a Town hex. Since terrain modifiers are not cumulative, the defender must choose which benefit to use; and in this case he picks the Stream since he does not want any Ar* results converted to Sk (he would lose a Shock battle). Unit W is increased by 50% yielding odds of 6 to 6 (which is 1.5 to 1). The three attacking units at F would have earned the Combined Arms Shift, but it is not allowed against defenders in Town hexes. The Town increases unit Y's Combat Strength 50% to 4.5. The odds are 12 to 4.5 (2-1) and Ar*/Dr* results convert to Sk. Unit G (cavalry) attacks artillery unit Z in a marsh hex. Both of those unit types are halved attacking and defending in Marsh, so the odds are 2 to 2. Marsh converts any Ar*/Dr* results to Sk which would be in the cavalry's favor. The two units at E attack unit X up a Slope. The defender's combat strength is increased 50% to 6. The odds are 10 to 6.
EXCHANGE NOTES
A. Artillery units that did not participate in the combat, which are stacked with units that did, may be used to satisfy an "Ex" result.
B. Any overrunning Cavalry unit must be the first to be eliminated (14.24).
C. Compare (unmodified) face-value SPs of all units. EXAMPLE: The weaker side has 5 SPs and the other side has four units, with 2, 4, 8, and 10 SPs. Half of 5 is 2.5 and he must lose more, so he removes the '4.'
12.3 Retreats
(12.31) Basic Rule: On a Result of "Retreat," the owning Player must move his unit (or stack retreating together) one or more hexes (as specified by the result). A retreating Combat Unit may not cross a prohibited hexside; enter an EZOC or a hex occupied by enemy Combat Units (EXCEPTION: Vedettes–16.25); or exceed stacking limits. Friendly units do not negate EZOCs for purposes of a combat unit's retreat. A leader may retreat through an EZOC if occupied by a friendly unit. A retreating friendly unit may enter a hex occupied by a friendly unit but that unit immediately comes out of Road March.
(12.32) Vedettes and Retreat: Combat Units may retreat into the ZOCs of an enemy Vedette, or even into a hex currently occupied solely by an enemy Vedette if no other path of retreat is available (the enemy Vedette is displaced; 12.36).
(12.33) Retreat Across Bridges: Units that retreat across a Bridge or Pontoon over an unfrozen River (not a Trestle or a pontoon bridge crossing a stream) risk elimination and must roll the die: the first unit to cross the Bridge is permanently eliminated on a 6; thereafter add +1 to the die for every retreating unit that follows (i.e. a second unit is permanently eliminated on a 5 or 6). If a pontoon deployed across an unfrozen River hexside with no existing bridge or another deployed pontoon, the first retreating unit is eliminated on a roll of 4, 5, or 6, with one still added for each successive unit. The owning player chooses the order of retreat. Retreats across damaged bridges are not allowed, and any retreating units are automatically eliminated (PEU) if there is no alternate hex.
(12.34) Units Unable to Retreat Fully: If a unit cannot retreat fully it is eliminated. If any part of its retreat path is blocked only by EZOCs or the map edge, the unit is placed in the Units Awaiting Recovery (UAR) Box. If it could not retreat fully because of a prohibited hexside and/or enemy units (only), roll one die to determine which box to place it in: a die roll of 1-3 places the unit in the UAR Box; a die roll of 4-6 places it in the PEU Box. Always place a reduced unit that can't retreat fully for whatever reason into the PEU.
EXAMPLES OF RETREAT: The two stacks of defending units must retreat. EZOCs are indicated with diagonal lines except those of the Vedettes which have no effect against enemy retreats. The only terrain that effects retreats are unbridged Rivers—which prevent it. Zig-zag retreats are not allowed. A unit must end its move that number of hexes distant from its starting hex. It may retreat across the bridge and Displace the enemy Vedettes. At B, the unit must retreat across a bridge hexside and run the chance of elimination—the first unit across is eliminated on a die roll of 6, the other unit on a die roll of 5 or 6. Assuming both survive, they can retreat in the path indicated.
(12.35) Path of Retreat: The unit (or stack) must end its retreat the specified distance from the starting hex — enter each hex only once. The retreat should shorten the distance to the formation's baggage train or to a friendly supply source (or both). If two or more paths are open to the retreating unit, it must move in better terrain (preferring roads and trails to a roadless Marsh, for instance).
(12.36) Displacement: If the only path available to a retreating force would cause it to exceed the stacking limits (3.2) for a hex, then one or more combat units in the hex must be displaced to make room for it. Displaced units retreat one hex, observing all restrictions governing retreat after combat. However, if the units to be Displaced cannot retreat: 1) the originally retreated force is eliminated instead and will enter the UAR; and 2) if the retreating force contains cavalry the displacing unit must make an Initiative check: if it fails it is eliminated; place in the UAR Box. Trains never displace (18.16). A displaced force may displace other Combat Units if no other path of retreat is available. Displaced units may not enter EZOCs.
12.4 Advance After Combat
Whenever an enemy stack is eliminated or forced to retreat, the owning player may advance friendly leaders and one or more friendly units that participated in the combat—whether as attacker or defender—and occupy the vacated hex and not beyond it.
A. One Infantry Unit plus all cavalry in a given attack may advance if no leader is present (or Leader doesn't advance).
B. LEADER BONUS: If a leader is in the stack and advances, all undemoralized infantry and cavalry units may advance with him.
C. Artillery may never advance after combat. If the defenders vacate the hex as a result of bombardment, any phasing infantry and/or cavalry adjacent to that hex (with any leaders) may advance into the vacated hex—after all bombardments are concluded. A unit cannot advance if it has an unresolved combat to perform, or is Out of Command. EXAMPLE: A stack of artillery units bombard a 6 [4] 4, forcing its retreat. The 5 [3] 4 may not advance—it must attack the other 6 [4] 4 (must displace).
D. If the enemy force occupied two or more hexes, attacking cavalry (only) may advance into the other vacated hex.
E. Combat Units and Leaders may choose not to advance. The option to advance must be exercised immediately. A unit may not be attacked, or attack again, after advancing (even if it advances next to units that have not yet resolved Combat).
F. Demoralized and Out of Command units may not advance.
G. Victorious Combat Units may advance into the vacated enemy hex even if they advance from one EZOC to another.
H. Units may not violate stacking limits after an advance. A victorious overrunning cavalry unit that remains in the hex counts against stacking.
EXAMPLES OF ADVANCE: At A no leader is present so only one Infantry and all Cavalry units can advance into the defender's vacated hex. At B the leader allows all undemoralized, non-Artillery units in his stack to advance, along with all engaged Cavalry units.
12.5 UAR and PEU Boxes
(12.51) UAR: Any time a full-strength Combat Unit is eliminated due to an Ae, De, or Ex, the owning Player must determine if it could have retreated 1 hex without encountering prohibited terrain or enemy-occupied hexes. If a retreat route is open or is only blocked by EZOCs it is placed in the Awaiting Recovery box. Otherwise, the unit must be placed in the Permanently Eliminated Units (PEU) box.
(12.52) PEU: The following Combat Units are also ineligible for Reorganization, and are placed in the Permanently Eliminated Units box when lost in combat:
- Baggage and Pontoon Trains.
- Already Reduced: A unit already at its Reduced Strength when it was eliminated.
- No Reduced Strength: A Combat unit with a strength of [1] has no reduced strength.
- Retreat Across Bridges: Units retreating across a bridge risk permanent elimination (12.33).
- Ae on the Charge Table.
- Unable to Retreat fully—risks permanent elimination (12.34).
13.0 Bombardment
13.1 Artillery Units
In addition to their regular attack ability against adjacent units, artillery may make bombardment attacks. Bombardments are permitted by the Phasing Player during the Bombardment Step and by the non-phasing Player during the Artillery Reaction Fire Step (13.5). Artillery may Bombard or participate in regular combat in a given Combat Phase—it may not do both.
13.2 Range
Bombarding Arty must be either 2 or 3 hexes from its target, unless Bombarding over an unbridged, unfrozen River.
13.3 Bombardment Procedure
(13.31) Sequence: For each bombardment, follow these steps:
- Designate the Bombarding Units (13.32).
- Designate the Target Hex (13.33).
- Determine the Line of Sight—if blocked, the bombardment is prohibited (13.34).
- Determine the Bombardment Strength (13.35).
- Calculate the Effects of Terrain (13.36).
- Resolve on the Bombardment Table (13.37).
- Execute the Combat Results (13.38).
(13.32) Designate the Bombarding Units: Any number of artillery units may bombard a single hex as long as all the units are eligible to fire at the target hex. Artillery units stacked together may bombard different hexes. An Artillery unit may not bombard more than one enemy occupied hex, nor may it split its strength. Artillery units may not Bombard when:
- in a woods or orchard hex; they may participate in an adjacent regular combat.
- alone in an EZOC; they must attack an adjacent unit (however, see 13.5).
- the weather is Snowstorm, Thunderstorm, Duststorm, Snow, Rain, or Fog (23.0).
- in Road March.
(13.33) Designate the Target Hex: All enemy units in a hex under bombardment are bombarded as one target. A hex may not be bombarded more than once in a Combat Phase, however, a hex may be the target of a bombardment and then a regular attack during the same Combat Phase. The target must be a combat unit or leader…
- in range and in the LOS of all Bombarding units.
- not in woods, orchards, or Chateaux.
- not adjacent (EXCEPTION: enemy on the opposite side of an unbridged, unfrozen river).
- not in a Town hex at range 3.
(13.34) Artillery Line of Sight
A. Hilltop Hexes and Slope Hexsides: A Slope hex intervening between a bombarding artillery unit and its target blocks the Line of Sight unless the artillery unit is on the hilltop and is either firing downslope through the Slope hexside, or firing on another slope hex (no blocking hexes intervening). The target units in either case have no reciprocal LOS (8.43).
B. Crest Hexsides: Crest terrain is drawn on both sides of a given crest hexside. LOS is not blocked by a crest adjacent to the bombarding unit. A non-adjacent Crest blocks LOS.
(13.35) Determine the Bombardment Strength: The strength of all Artillery units bombarding a given target is totaled (this may include bombarding units in different hexes). The strength of any artillery units bombarding at 3-hex range is reduced by 50% (if <1 use the <1 column; otherwise round fractions down).
(13.36) Calculate the Effects of Terrain: The effects of terrain on bombardment are as follows:
- Towns: Artillery bombarding into towns are reduced by 1/3. You may not bombard into a town at 3-hex range.
- Woods and Chateau hexes: May not bombard into Woods or Chateaux or out of Woods.
- Marsh: Bombarding SPs are reduced by ½.
(13.37) Resolve on the Bombardment Table: All bombardments must be resolved and results applied during the Bombardment or Arty Reaction Fire step. Cross-reference the Bombardment Strength with the die roll and apply modifiers. During mud turns (23.0), modify the die roll by –2.
(13.38) Execute the Bombardment Results: A Bombardment affects all units in the target hex (only). A Bombardment may result in: "Dr" (12.1) or "1R" (Reduce one unit). A "1R" result means one unit in the hex is flipped to its reduced side, or an already-reduced unit is eliminated. The Bombarding Player decides which unit to reduce. The owning player may decide to remain in the hex or voluntary retreat one hex with the remaining units in the target hex. "S" (Suppressed) and "2R" (Reduce two units/steps) are other possible bombardment results. All Suppression Markers on the map are removed at the end of the next Combat Step (Step 5).
(13.39) Hold Your Ground: A Dr result on the Bombardment Table can be converted to a 1R at owning player's option. Select your "lead" unit and roll for Initiative. If successful, the lead unit suffers step loss and there is no retreat.
13.4 Artillery Units in an EZOC
(13.41) If an artillery unit is in an EZOC and stacked with a friendly infantry or cavalry, it may bombard a hex different from the one the other units attack. Artillery need not attack the adjacent enemy units as long as some other friendly unit does so. However, an artillery unit suffers all combat results incurred by the units it is stacked with.
(13.42) Regular Attacks: When alone in an EZOC, an artillery unit must attack an adjacent unit and may not bombard. It uses the regular Combat Results Table, and may combine its strength with attacking infantry and cavalry in other hexes. During Mud, Artillery units attack and defend at one-half their normal strength (rounding fractions down). Artillery units in regular combat suffer all Combat Results in the same manner as other units. If the units in their stack suffer an "Ex" result they may be used to satisfy the required losses. Artillery units may never add their strength to a regular attack via a ranged attack—they must be adjacent. The Initiative Rating of a lone Artillery unit for shock is 1 (12.2).
13.5 Counter-Battery Fire (CBF)
The effective bombardment strength is reduced by one-half the strength of any artillery in the target hex (rounding fractions down). Apply any CBF reduction before modifying the bombardment strength for weather, range, or terrain. If the target has no LOS on the bombarding unit, or is alone in an EZOC (13.42), there is no CBF reduction. EXAMPLE: an ARF by 4 SPs would be reduced to 3 if the target includes 3 SPs of artillery with a LOS. Bombardment has no effect if one-half the target artillery strength is still at least equal to the Bombarding strength.
13.6 Soak-Offs
A unit bombarded in a given turn is considered attacked.
14.0 Cavalry Charges
A cavalry charge in this game is a faster charge, where the cavalry gradually build-up speeds near 300 meters per minute. In a successful cavalry charge, the cavalry unit(s) move through an EZOC directly into the enemy-occupied hex, thereby cutting the retreat route of the overrun unit in the following Combat Step.
14.1 Which Units May Charge
All cavalry (except LC and demoralized cavalry) that have not moved during the previous Movement Phase may make a charge. A hex being charged must also be subjected to a regular attack by at least one friendly infantry or artillery during the same Combat Phase. A cavalry unit may not make a charge and conventional attack during the same Player-Turn.
14.2 Procedure
(14.21) A Cavalry Charge is resolved on the Charge Combat Table during the Charge Step. Charging cavalry may expend the full Movement Allowance during the charge step. It costs one extra MP to enter the Enemy unit's hex. This MP cost reflects the shorter range of charging cavalry. Determine the odds as in combat and roll on the Charge Combat Table.
(14.22) Restrictions: Only one charge may be made by a single stack against a given hex in one Combat Phase. Cavalry units from multiple hexes cannot charge the same hex. A Cavalry Charge may not be conducted:
- into a woods, town, chateau, or improved position
- uphill through Slope
- across a Ford, Stream, or Span hexside
- during a Mud or Night turn (14.3)
- if the Cavalry unit is in Road March
- through an EZOC (except the ZOC of its target)
- through friendly units
- by LC or demoralized cavalry.
Cavalry Charge movement is subject to all Movement Rules (7.0), with the exceptions listed above.
(14.23) Charge Results: The possible results of a Charge are Ae, Pr or Overrun:
- On an Ae result, the charging units are eliminated (PEU).
- On a Pr result, all Phasing (charging) cavalry retreat to their starting hex and reduce 1 or 2 units. The target has off-road Movement costs doubled in the following Movement Phase. Place a Square Marker on the infantry units charged. Remove the Marker at the end of their next Movement Phase.
- On an Overrun result, the cavalry unit(s) move into the enemy-occupied hex. The charging unit's ZOC extends out into all surrounding hexes. In the upcoming regular attack (Combat Step), the retreat route of the overrun unit is cut off.
(14.24) Subsequent Combat Result: The cavalry units making the charge may not add their Attack Strength to the subsequent combat. The subsequent attack is credited with cavalry for purposes of Combined Arms (11.2) even if the cavalry unit is eliminated in the Charge.
A. If the subsequent Combat Result on the Combat Results Table is Dr or De, all defending units are eliminated (UAR), if the charging cavalry unit(s) remain in the hex, and one of the attacking units may advance into the hex as usual.
B. If the subsequent Combat Result on the Combat Results Table is Ae or Ar, the cavalry unit(s) are eliminated (UAR). Opposing units may never end any Phase stacked together.
C. If the subsequent Combat Result is an Ex, the charging cavalry units are the first to be counted toward the Exchange.
D. If the subsequent Combat Result is Sk, the charging Cavalry unit is the lead unit.
E. If the Ex or Sk does not clear the hex of enemy units, the charging cavalry units are eliminated (UAR).
CAVALRY CHARGE EXAMPLES: Hexes marked X may not be a target of Cavalry Charge even if they contained enemy units under attack. Charges may not be conducted across Streams or Rivers, up Slopes or into Woods or Town hexes. At B the Cavalry Charge is made across two Crest hexsides which have no effect. The Cavalry unit pays +1 MP to enter the defender's hex. The odds would be 1-2 (only 50% chance of success). At C the Cavalry unit attacks at 1-1. If the Cavalry survives the charge they will remain on top of the enemy unit and will cut off their retreat. Note that in combat C, the phasing player will earn the Combined Arms shift even if the cavalry unit doesn't survive the charge.
BOMBARDMENT EXAMPLE: Artillery unit A has no eligible targets—all are blocked by friendly units or are prohibited. Bombardments cannot be made uphill against a Hilltop hex, into Woods, or across a Crest that is not adjacent to the artillery.
14.3 Charges and Weather
Charges are not permitted during Mud and Night Turns. During Snow, Snowstorm, Thunderstorm, Duststorm or Heat, add +1 to the Charge CRT die roll (23.1).
15.0 Fortified Places
Fortified Places are of two types. Chateaux are protected by strong walls impervious to field artillery. A simple Improved Position (I.P.) made of timber and stout beams could be thrown together in a few hours. A more elaborate dug-in redoubt could take most of a day.
15.1 General Rule
(15.11) ZOCs: ZOCs extend out of but not into Fortified Places—adjacent units must attack enemy units in Fortified Places. A unit that enters a Fortified Place adjacent to an enemy combat unit must stop moving.
(15.12) Attacking: Units in Fortified Places are not required to attack, but if they elect to attack, all adjacent enemy units must be attacked by some friendly unit.
(15.13) Advance and Retreat: Units may advance after combat into Fortified Places. Retreat into occupied Fortified Places is allowed (15.21).
(15.14) Cavalry Charges against Fortified Places are prohibited.
(15.15) Combined Arms bonus: When attacking Fortified Places the attacker receives no Combined Arms bonus.
15.2 Chateaux
(15.21) Stacking: A chateau loses its combat effects if the hex contains more than two defending infantry units; or contains any artillery, cavalry or train units. All chateau effects on combat are negated as long as they remain in the hex (4.2, 11.1F, 11.2, 13.33, 14.22). Town effects if any still apply.
(15.22) Defending: If any defending units in a combat occupy a Chateau, "Dr," "Dr2," "Dr3" and "Dr4" results from the CRT are treated as "Shock." This does not apply if the units defending in the Chateau are demoralized, or if a retreat result is obtained on the Shock Table.
(15.23) Bombardment: Artillery units may never bombard into Chateaux. They may make regular adjacent attacks.
15.3 Improved Positions
(15.31) Defending: The strengths of all infantry units defending in a completed I.P. are doubled. If an I.P. is built in a town, all combat effects of I.P. and towns apply.
(15.32) Construction Procedure: The construction hex must contain at least two infantry units that did not move during that Movement Phase. If a town hex only 2 SPs of infantry are needed. Construction is not permitted during Frost, Snow, Snowstorm, or Night March Phase, or in Chateaux or Marsh hexes. Roll on the table below at the end of the Movement Phase. If the infantry leave an I.P. under construction, remove the I.P. marker. After completion the Improved Position marker is never removed (even if unoccupied) and may be used by either side.
(15.33) Construction Table: Roll one d6. On a 1, construction is complete (invert marker). On a 2-6, it remains Under Construction—roll again next turn. An I.P. under construction has no effect.
16.0 Vedettes
Each Vedette is a regiment of around 500 men, broken-up into 50-man patrols that fan-out to cover a wide area. These fast-moving patrols were used to screen an army against enemy reconnaissance, to perform their own reconnaissance, and to protect the flanks of combat units.
16.1 Vedette Breakdown and Reassembly
A Light Cavalry unit may generate a number of Vedette (scout) units equal to its vedette number (1.42).
(16.11) Creating Vedettes: During the Reorganization Segment (only), any full-strength Light Cavalry (LC) unit may bring its corresponding Vedette units onto the map. Each full-strength LC parent unit has a number (in a circle), to indicate the number of Vedettes provided for that unit. The Phasing Player removes the LC unit from the map and replaces it with the Vedettes. The LC unit is then placed in the Full Strength Holding Box. Vedettes may move in the turn they are created. Reduced-strength units may not create Vedettes. EXAMPLE: Marulaz's cavalry brigade has a "4" in a circle. It contains four Vedettes with a corresponding designation.
(16.12) Reassembling Light Cavalry Units: To recombine Vedettes into an LC unit, just pay the regular +1 MP cost to stack. Remove the stacked Vedettes immediately if the stack is not in an EZOC and replace them with the parent unit. The parent unit may continue moving, expending the Vedettes' remaining MPs, in command if any of its Vedettes were in command. The Vedettes of any LC unit that contains 4 or more Vedettes may stack for immediate reassembly. NOTE: Vedette unit I.D. may be ignored. The proper number of Vedettes may combine freely to reassemble any available LC unit.
(16.13) Creating Vedettes from Mixed Type Units: Full strength Infantry units with a Vedette number may also create Vedettes during the Reorganization Segment. Flip the counter to its reduced strength side, then deploy the Vedette(s) to the same hex. Such Mixed Type units may flip back to full strength by stacking with the same number of friendly Vedettes (not in an EZOC) and removing the Vedettes from the map during the Movement Phase.
(16.14) Corps Affiliation of Vedettes [Optional Rule]: A Vedette may not be used to reassemble a unit from a different formation; only units from its assigned formation.
16.2 Properties of Vedettes
(16.21) Movement: Vedettes move like Cavalry and must be in Command or pass their Initiative die roll to move. Vedettes always pay road costs when on roads but ignore Road March restrictions and are ignored by friendly units in Road March.
(16.22) Stacking: No more than 3 Vedettes may occupy the same hex. EXCEPTION (16.12).
(16.23) Repulse: Vedettes may not attempt Repulse. Repulses against Vedettes always succeed.
(16.24) Combat: Vedettes are non-combat units—they may not attack or defend. Vedettes do not count for Combined Arms. Vedettes stacked with friendly combat units are subject to the combat result against the stack. Eliminated Vedettes may return to play through Reorganization (22.25).
(16.25) ZOCs and Retreat: Vedettes have ZOCs, but they do not block enemy retreats—units may retreat into the ZOC of an Enemy Vedette. Retreating enemy units can, if necessary, displace friendly Vedettes.
(16.26) Retreat Before Combat: Any engaged Vedette of either side that is not stacked with a friendly combat unit must Retreat during the Cavalry Retreat Step (10.2) one or two hexes. If it cannot retreat, it is eliminated (12.34). Vedettes cannot prevent enemy Forces from using Retreat Before Combat.
17.0 Supply
17.1 The Supply Segment
The Phasing Player must determine the supply status of each Friendly Combat Unit during the Supply Segment of each Weather/Recovery Turn (23.12, 2.1/B-1). Out of Supply units are marked "Out of Supply" and remain Out of Supply until the next Weather/Recovery Turn.
17.2 Out of Supply Effects
Out of Supply units suffer the effects of Demoralization (21.2), but the effects are not cumulative.
17.3 Automatic Supply
All reinforcements from their turn of entry, and all units on-map at the start of any scenario are automatically in supply until the next Weather/Recovery Turn.
17.4 Supply Lines
(17.41) Tracing a Supply Line: A Combat Unit is in supply if it can trace a Forward Supply Line (17.42), no more than 14 hexes long (not counting the unit's hex), to one of the below:
- Directly to a Friendly Supply Source (17.5); or
- To its own Formation's Baggage Train located on a road or trail hex that has a "Trunk" Line (17.43); or
- If its own Formation's Baggage Train is not in play, or if there is no dedicated baggage train (none provided in the counter mix), it can trace to the nearest Friendly Baggage Train located on a road or trail hex that has a Trunk Line.
NOTE: Supply is tracked by unit, not by stack.
(17.42) Forward Line: The Forward Supply Line (only) may traverse any type of terrain except Lake or River hexsides (unless the hexside is frozen or is crossed by an undamaged bridge or pontoon). Each counts as one hex, maximum 14 hexes.
(17.43) Trunk Lines: A Trunk Line may comprise any number of connected road and/or trail hexes leading to a Friendly Supply Source.
(17.44) Blocking Supply Lines: Forward and Trunk Lines are blocked by the physical presence of enemy combat units and Vedettes. EZOCs do not block Supply Lines.
17.5 Supply Source Hexes
Each side has Supply Source hexes that are indicated on the map by a supply symbol with an encircled code letter. C = Coalition, A = Austrian, P = Prussian, R = Russian, F = French.
18.0 Baggage and Pontoon Trains
There are two types of Train units: Pontoon Trains and Baggage Trains. Baggage Trains are important for Supply; Pontoon Trains place temporary bridges. Pontoon Trains have a train side and a deployed bridge symbol on the reverse.
18.1 Properties Common to Both Trains
(18.11) Movement: Trains move automatically—they are always in Command. Trains have a Movement Allowance of 4 MPs, paying cavalry costs for movement. They may use Road March (7.5). During Mud, Thunderstorm and Snowstorm turns, Train units Movement Costs are doubled for all types of terrain.
(18.12) Movement Restrictions: Trains have the following movement restrictions:
- may not enter Slope hexes except by Road or Trail.
- may not stack.
- may not enter an EZOC.
- Baggage Trains may not cross rivers (even if frozen) or streams except via Spans and Pontoon bridges.
- Baggage Trains (and Supply Lines) may not cross damaged bridges (but may cross pontoon bridges).
(18.13) Trains and Combat: Trains do not have a Combat Strength and cannot defend or attack. They may not Retreat Before Combat.
(18.14) Trains and ZOCs: Trains have no ZOC. If a Train or deployed pontoon finds itself adjacent to an enemy combat unit it is immediately captured or destroyed. Roll one die: on a 1-3, a Pontoon Train is captured intact (18.35)* and a Baggage Train is captured (18.23); on a 4-6, either is destroyed. *If one end of a deployed pontoon is occupied by a unit friendly to the pontoon, a roll of 1 to 3 is considered no effect.
(18.15) Destroyed Trains: Destroyed Trains are removed from play (PEU). They may not be reorganized.
(18.16) Trains and Displacement: Trains may not be displaced. If the train unit's hex is the only one available for the retreating friendly unit, the train is destroyed (PEU), and the retreating unit/stack is eliminated (UAR).
(18.17) Trains and Formations: Baggage Trains may belong to specific formations printed on their counter. Pontoon Trains do not belong to any formation.
18.2 Baggage Trains
Each baggage train represents approximately 100 wagons. A Baggage Train serves to extend a unit's supply line.
(18.21) Supply: Most Baggage Trains belong to specific formations as shown by their Command Designation. Some baggage trains are generic for a given side. Each Corps baggage train can provide supply to all units in its formation within range plus one stack of units from a different formation. However, any formation or individual unit without a dedicated baggage counter (none provided in the counter mix) may trace supply to any friendly baggage train, each stack to a different baggage train.
(18.22) Lost Baggage: If a formation's baggage train is destroyed or off map, only one stack of that formation may trace supply to another friendly baggage train.
(18.23) Captured Baggage Trains: A captured baggage train is destroyed (PEU). Two VPs are awarded to the side that captures a baggage train. If an out of supply unit(s) captures an enemy baggage train, all units of the capturing side adjacent to the train remove their OOS Markers.
18.3 Pontoon Bridges
Pontoon Bridges may be deployed across Stream or River hexsides.
(18.31) Deploying Pontoon Bridges: During the Friendly Movement Phase, the Phasing Player may deploy a Pontoon Bridge by flipping the counter over onto an adjacent hexside so that it is half-way on either hex. It costs no MPs to deploy. No Friendly or Enemy units may cross a Pontoon Bridge until the Friendly Player Turn after it is deployed.
(18.32) Deployment Restrictions: A Pontoon Bridge may not be deployed:
- to extend into an enemy-occupied hex, but may be deployed into an EZOC.
- if either end of the bridge is in a slope hex—unless there is a road or trail in the hex (18.12).
- in a Snowstorm, or during Frost or Snow.
- if the Pontoon Train is marked in Road March (7.51).
(18.33) Crossing Cost: Combat Units not in Road March pay the following MPs to cross a Pontoon:
- +1 MP to cross a stream
- +2 MPs to cross a river
- +0 MPs to cross if the Pontoon Bridge is deployed at an existing Span or site of another deployed Pontoon.
Units in Road March, Leaders, and Vedettes never pay extra MPs to cross Pontoon Bridges. Trains must pay the additional +2 over river and +1 over stream.
(18.34) Reconfiguring a Pontoon Train: A Pontoon Bridge may be reconfigured back into a Pontoon Train during the Friendly Command Segment simply by flipping the unit over to its Pontoon Train side in either of the two hexes adjacent (you may reform a pontoon train at one end if the other end is in an EZOC). Pontoon Trains must be reconfigured at Step "e" of the Command Segment. Nothing may cross a Pontoon Bridge in the turn it is reconfigured into a Pontoon Train. A Pontoon Train may move in the same turn that it is reconfigured but may not re-deploy until the next turn.
(18.35) Captured Pontoon Trains and Pontoon Bridges: Leaders, Vedettes and Combat Units may freely Move, Advance After Combat, and Retreat across intact enemy Pontoon Bridges. A captured Pontoon Bridge may be reconfigured into a Pontoon Train and used again by the player who captured it.
19.0 Reinforcements
19.1 General Rule
Reinforcements enter play on the turn and hex specified in the Scenario Information and/or the TRC. Reinforcements enter during the Friendly Command Movement Segment and may move and engage freely on their turn of entry. Reinforcements may be placed under "March Order" on the turn of entry at the Player's discretion (20.3). Reinforcements enter Hidden (8.0). Reinforcements are In Command for the turn of entry and in supply until the next supply check. A light cavalry unit may enter as a combat unit or broken down into Vedettes.
19.2 Stacking and Road March
(19.21) Stacking: When more than one Combat Unit is scheduled to arrive at the same entry hex in the same turn, they may arrive stacked observing the stacking limit. If there are more arriving units than can legally stack in the hex, each subsequent stack enters on the same hex and turn, paying MPs equal to the cost of the hex for itself and for each stack that entered before it.
(19.22) Road March: Reinforcements may instead enter the map using Road March (unstacked) with an empty hex between each arriving unit. In this case the first unit to arrive pays the road MP cost of the first entry hex. Each subsequent unit or stack to enter on the same hex and turn pays one additional MP. In addition, unless otherwise indicated by the scenario, a formation's leader enters with the first stack of his formation, and the formation's baggage train enters at the end after the last arriving unit of the formation. EXAMPLE: The second stack to enter will pay one extra MP; the third, two additional MPs (19.23).
(19.23) Excess Stacks: Stacks without enough Movement Points to enter must wait off-map until the following turn. The excess stacks of a formation still enter in Command when they arrive.
19.3 Changing Reinforcement Entry
(19.31) Blocked Entry Hexes: If the entry hex is occupied by an enemy or friendly combat unit or an enemy combat unit's ZOC the Reinforcement may instead enter in the hex nearest to the entry hex clear of combat units and EZOCs.
(19.32) Voluntary Delay: Players may voluntarily delay the entry of Reinforcements. However, no other scheduled Reinforcement may enter at this entry hex until the delayed Reinforcements have been brought onto the map (the follow-on reinforcements may enter in the same or subsequent turns). A portion of a Reinforcement force may not be delayed. Either all the units scheduled to arrive at that hex are brought onto the map, or none.
19.4 First Day Reinforcements
Approach to Battle reinforcements enter on the First Day of the game. These units are usually on-map in the Day of Battle Set up.
19.5 Alternate Reinforcements
Alternate Reinforcements are forces that could have intervened. Their arrival depends upon card play. Alternate Reinforcements appear in order of priority listed in the Scenario Information.
20.0 March Orders
Orders were carried by orderlies mounted on fast horses, usually overnight, to Officers beyond Command Range.
20.1 General Rule
A March Order allows a Force (defined in the Glossary) to move during each Friendly Command Movement Segment that the order is in effect (including during Night March Phases) regardless of Command Range. All the units under a March Order are considered in command. A Force may receive a March Order if it is:
- a Reinforcement (20.3);
- the one force selected at night (20.4); or
- the one force selected for March Order at the start of play, (once per game) if that side has a Commander on the map.
20.2 March Order Procedure
(20.21) Specify Objective Hex: The Player must secretly specify the Objective Hex on an Orders Slip when the March Order is issued. This objective must be revealed to the Enemy Player at the moment an infantry unit of that Force reaches its objective. The objective may be any town or Bridge hexside on the map. For each Force under a March Order, the Player must write down the name of the Officer or the designation of the individual unit(s) in question. A force may be assigned only one objective at a time. In a multi-hex town any hex in the town can be the objective.
(20.22) March Order Movement Restrictions: The force must move each turn at the speed of the slowest unit in the force, until it reaches its objective or the March Order is removed (20.23). The units under a March Order must take the shortest possible route (in terms of MPs) toward their Objective Hex. A Force given the March Order is not required to use road march. On the turn a Force reaches its objective, it can continue moving to the limit of its Movement Allowance; then the March Order is removed and no longer in effect.
(20.23) Forces Removed from March Orders: A unit is removed from the March Order at the moment:
- it reaches its objective hex (or as near as possible).
- at the owning player's option, if it is placed in the ZOC of an Enemy unit or vedette.
- at the Player's option, if the force is placed in Command by a Leader during any friendly Command Phase. An officer who makes his initiative may opt out of a March Order. NOTE: If a Commander places an individual unit in command, it does not remove the March Order for the rest of the Formation.
The M.O. endures until the last unit reaches the destination or is removed. When a unit comes out of a March Order it is Demoralized for the rest of the Player Turn. Units that reach a March Order destination are removed from the M.O. Other units under the March Order can either continue to use the M.O. or they can be removed. The units removed from a March Order can freely use their remaining MA that turn, without being constrained by the former M.O.
(20.24) Pre-Programmed March Orders (Card Play only): A force under a pre-programmed March Order at the start of the game that is subject to a Late Start Mode card cannot be removed from the March Order until its Leader awakes. Until then the Leader moves with the units of his formation.
20.3 March Orders to Reinforcements
A Reinforcement Force may be placed under a March Order (or several different March Orders) on the turn of its map entry, even if its arrival is delayed indefinitely by the Player. The number of reinforcement forces that may be placed under a March Order on a turn is limited only by the number of reinforcement forces arriving on that turn.
20.4 March Orders at Night
(20.41) Moving Units under March Orders at Night: The Movement Allowance of a Force under March Order at night is 2/3 MPs (inf/cav). Forces under a March Order are the only forces which can move during the Night March Phases.
(20.42) Changing March Orders at Night: One on-map stack or formation may be given a March Order during the Night March Order Dispatch Phase, regardless of command range restrictions. Units need not be in command for a night March Order. This March Order takes effect with the first daylight turn of the next day (2.2B). Alternatively, a player may change the objective hex in a March Order of any one of his forces, but this counts as the "one" March Order allowed.
20.5 General Retreat March Order
(20.51) The General Retreat March order differs from a regular March Order in the following ways:
- All friendly leaders and units are considered to have the order—including out of command forces;
- The Objective Hex for a given unit is the closest friendly Supply Source under friendly control, tracing the line as allowed by the rules of supply (17.41), or may be a hex specified in the Scenario Instructions;
- The order may be issued during the friendly Command Segment of any day Turn, or at the beginning of the March Order Dispatch Phase (Night AM turns) and takes effect immediately.
- The order may be cancelled at the owning player's option, after being in effect for one turn, for any undemoralized force(s) in Command and these may maneuver freely.
- Add one (+1) to the die roll for Reorganization of Demoralized forces on the turn the General Retreat is ordered.
- Reinforcements enter normally.
- The order may be issued only once per game, unless using the cards; a new General Retreat may be issued for each card.
- Units must remain in General Retreat March Order for at least 1 turn, unless they move adjacent to the enemy.
- All units move at the speed of the slowest unit in their force (20.22). EXCEPTION: Undemoralized units passing an Initiative check may opt-out of the General Retreat March Order and freely maneuver (having already passed Initiative) in the following Initiative Movement Segment.
- The text of the General Retreat Card (No. 9) is a part of the General Retreat rule; units may disengage on the turn played.
(20.52) Exiting the Map: When your units under a General Retreat March Order actually reach the mapedge hexes that are the objective(s) of the order, you can exit all, some or none. For units that have reached the objective that will remain on the map, the order is cancelled.
21.0 Demoralization
Units may become demoralized (1) if their formation reaches its Demoralization Level due to losses, (2) if the unit is Out of Supply (17.2), or (3) if it leaves March Orders (20.23).
21.1 Demoralization Levels
Each player has a Casualty Record Track to record Friendly losses. When the first Friendly Combat Unit of a Formation is eliminated, this unit becomes the "Casualty Level Marker" for its Formation (21.3). As further units are eliminated, the Owning Player adjusts this marker to reflect strength points lost by moving it a number of spaces on the track equal to each eliminated unit's full Combat Strength. A Formation becomes Demoralized at the instant its Casualty Level marker reaches or exceeds its Demoralization Level (the space printed with its Command Designation on the Casualty Track). Place a "Demoralized" marker on the formation's Officer.
NOTE: Formations with fewer than three units present at the battle can only be Demoralized by lack of Supply.
21.2 Demoralization Effects
Demoralization has the following effects:
Initiative: One is subtracted from the Initiative rating of Demoralized Officers and Combat Units any time that their Initiative Rating is referenced (Exception: Recovery, 22.12).
Movement: Demoralization has no effect on Movement—Leaders and Combat Units may use Road March and may be given March Orders.
Combat: Demoralized Units may not Advance after Combat. Demoralized cavalry may not charge. Demoralized units in Chateau hexes do not receive the benefits listed in 15.22. Remove any Demoralization from a unit when it is eliminated.
Bombardment: Demoralized Units may retreat one hex upon receiving 1R results (13.38).
Reorganization: The Phasing Player must roll for each Combat Unit in a demoralized formation (22.23-3). For a Demoralized Formation, if this die-roll is a "5" or "6" the unit is permanently eliminated (PEU). Add 1 to the die if a General Retreat will be issued in the next Movement Phase. EXCEPTION: The French player's minor ally troops that are part of a Demoralized Formation must instead pass a regular Initiative check. If this fails the unit is PEU (also 20.51-4). French minor allies include the Dutch, Saxons, Swiss, Württembergers, Bavarians, Westphalians, Badeners, Hessians, Italians, and all others except French and Poles.
21.3 Rallying from Demoralization
When an eliminated Combat Unit is Reorganized (22.2), that Formation's Casualty Level marker is reduced by an amount equal to the unit's full (not reduced) Combat Strength. If the unit is eliminated again later then the Casualty Level Marker should be increased by that same amount (the unit's Full Combat Strength). The moment the Casualty Marker for that Formation moves below its Demoralization Level, the Formation is recovered from Demoralization and the Demoralized Marker is removed from play. Once all other units in a Formation have recovered, the unit that was used as the Casualty Level Marker (21.1) is eligible to be reorganized.
NOTE: As long as a unit survives at Reduced Strength, the difference between its full and reduced Strength does not count for Demoralization purposes or Victory Points.
21.4 Demoralization and Supply
Combat Units that are Out of Supply suffer Demoralization Effects. The out-of-supply Combat Units receive an Out of Supply Marker, and rally from Demoralization on the turn in which their Supply Line is reestablished. There is no additional effect upon out-of-supply units that become demoralized due to combat losses.
21.5 Demoralization and March Orders
At the end of a friendly Player-Turn, without the need of a die roll, remove Demoralized Markers from all units that were demoralized when they left March Orders that Player-Turn.
22.0 Recovery and Reorganization
Eliminated units may be reorganized at reduced strength.
22.1 Recovery
(22.11) General Rule: Recovery refers to the transfer of a Combat Unit from the Awaiting Recovery box (UAR) to the Recovered section.
(22.12) The Recovery Segment: Each turn the Weather is checked, both Player Turns will include a Recovery Segment (2.1/B2). During the Recovery Segment, the Phasing Player may make an Initiative Check for each unit in the Awaiting Recovery box. The Initiative die roll is successful if less than or equal to the Initiative Rating printed on the unit counter. IF SUCCESSFUL: The unit counter is flipped over to its reduced side and moved into the Recovered Section. IF UNSUCCESSFUL: The unit remains in the Awaiting Recovery box. Roll again in the next Recovery Segment.
(22.13) Automatic Night Recovery: At the beginning of the Friendly Recovery Segment of the Night AM Turn, the Phasing Player transfers ALL Combat Units still Awaiting Recovery to the Recovered Section at their reduced strength.
22.2 Reorganization
(22.21) General Rule: Reorganization refers to the return of Combat Units (at reduced strength) from the Recovered section of the UAR to the map.
(22.22) Procedure: Reorganization occurs in the Friendly Reorganization Segment. All units in the Recovered Section of the UAR may be placed on the map provided the necessary Leaders are available to bring them all on. Each eligible Leader may bring on two combat units (plus up to 3 vedettes) in the recovered section. The units are placed in the hex containing the Leader. If placing reorganized Combat Units in the Leader's hex would violate the Stacking Limit, the units already there may be Displaced.
(22.23) Restrictions and Penalties: Reorganization can take place in any terrain under the following restrictions:
- Leaders in an EZOC may not be used for Reorganization.
- Officers can only Reorganize units of their Formation. A Commander may Reorganize units of any Friendly Formation whose Officer is within the Commander's Command Radius.
- Units that are part of a Demoralized Formation risk elimination when they are Reorganized (21.2).
(22.24) Officers and Reorganization: An Officer does not have to be in Command in order to Reorganize. Each Officer that attempts Reorganization is marked with an Out of Command marker until the friendly Command Segment of the next Game-Turn. EXCEPTION: Reorganizing Vedettes does not require an Out of Command Marker. Officers so marked may not be part of the Chain of Command for the remainder of that turn, even if Reorganization failed. Commanders and Commander-Officers are not OOC when Reorganizing.
(22.25) Vedettes and Reorganization: If a Vedette is eliminated in combat (16.24), place it in the Unrecovered Section ("Awaiting Recovery") of the UAR. If a Vedette is eliminated during Reconnaissance it goes immediately to the section of the UAR specified on the Reconnaissance Table. Reduced-strength LC units don't have a vedette number. They cannot deploy a vedette once reduced.
23.0 Weather
23.1 Procedure
(23.11) Weather Condition Die Roll: The first player starts each day with a die roll on the Weather Table (tailored to the battle being played), to determine the initial Weather. The resulting Weather takes effect immediately.
(23.12) Weather Duration Die Roll: Roll again on "Change in the Weather" and add the result to the original Weather Die Roll to determine the number of turns that weather condition will remain in effect. Repeat these two die rolls each time the weather changes. (In some games duration is specified.)
(23.13) Effects of Weather: As indicated on the table below, the possible effects of weather are as follows:
- LOS Reduced: Line of Sight reduced to 1 hex. Units may see into adjacent hexes only.
- Bombardment: Prohibited. -2 DRM = Apply a –2 DRM to all artillery bombardment die rolls during Mud.
- Deploy Pontoons: No = may not be deployed
- Construct I.P.: Improved Positions may not be constructed.
- Charge Rolls: +1 DRM to all Cavalry Charge rolls.
- Rivers, Lakes: frozen and treated as Stream hexsides.
- Strength Reduced (rounding down): when attacking and defending. Artillery strengths are reduced for adjacent combat (only).
- Movement Cost: MPs doubled for Train and Artillery units.
- Ar*/Dr* Combat Results: Treat as Sk (Shock) results.
(23.14) Weather and LOS at Night: If the Last daylight Game-Turn was Thunderstorm or Mud, the night weather is Mud; otherwise Fair weather applies. At Night the LOS is reduced to one hex.
(23.15) Fire: Units can Move, Retreat, Repulse, and Road March through a Fire hex, without stopping. Command Range may extend through a Fire hex. The occurrence of Rain and Thunderstorms causes Fire to cease immediately.
(23.16) Thunderstorms: Thunderstorms only last for the first hour after the die roll. The next two turns are Rain plus Mud.
Weather Conditions Table (summary; DRM = Die Roll Modifier; Weather Conditions vary from game to game, and are not cumulative with Terrain Effects—use the worst that applies):
| WX Condition | LOS | Bombardment | Deploy Pontoons | Construct I.P. | Charge Rolls | Rivers/Lakes | Strength Reduced | Movement Cost | Ar*/Dr* Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Snow | Adjacent | Prohibited | No | No | +1 DRM | Frozen | — | — | — |
| Snowstorm | Adjacent | Prohibited | No | No | +1 DRM | Frozen | Inf x 0.75 | Train, Art x2 | Shock |
| Frost | — | — | No | No | — | Frozen | — | — | — |
| Rain | Adjacent | Prohibited | — | — | — | — | Art x 0.75 | — | — |
| Thunderstorm | Adjacent | Prohibited | — | — | +1 DRM | — | Art x 0.75, Inf x 0.5 | Train, Art x2 | Shock |
| Mud | — | -2 DRM | — | — | Prohibited | — | Art x 0.5 adjacent | Train, Art x2 | — |
| Fog | Adjacent | Prohibited | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Night | Adjacent | Prohibited | — | — | Prohibited | — | — | — | — |
| Heat | — | -1 DRM | — | — | +1 DRM | — | Art x 0.75 | — | — |
| Dust Storm | Adjacent | Prohibited | — | — | +1 DRM | — | — | — | Shock |
| Fire Hex | Blocks | Prohibited | No | No | Prohibited | — | — | +1 MP | Shock |
Glossary and Index
These definitions are a part of the body of the rules. The main paragraph for a term is the case number in bold. The original booklet follows each entry with a list of every rule-number cross-reference to that term; those page-index number lists are omitted below as navigational aids rather than rules text, but every definition sentence is reproduced in full.
Artillery 13.0 Artillery pays Infantry Movement costs while Horse Artillery pays Cavalry costs. Artillery and Horse Artillery pay doubled Movement costs during Mud, Thunderstorms and Snowstorm turns for all types of terrain.
Bombardment 13.0 Artillery units may Bombard in the Bombardment Phase, using the Bombardment Table at 2-3 hex range.
Bridge 7.6 A span crossing a river.
Cavalry: Mounted combat units including Regular, Heavy Cavalry (HC), and Light Cavalry (LC).
Cavalry Charge 14.0 Any cavalry except LC may make a cavalry charge resolved on the Charge Combat Table.
Column: Includes all units that arrive on the same or consecutive turns at the same area. They arrive in a chain of units or stacks. Unless otherwise specified all corps assets (non-divisional artillery units followed by the baggage train) arrive at the end of the column.
Combat Strength: The total manpower of a Combat Unit quantified in Strength Points (SPs). One SP equals between 400 and 800 men.
Combat Units: All playing pieces except Leaders, Vedettes, Trains, and Markers. Only Combat Units may attack enemy Combat Units.
Combined Arms 11.2 An attacking force with infantry, cavalry and artillery gains a combat odds shift of one column to the right.
Commanders 5.21 & 5.23 Leaders at the highest level may place their subordinates (Officers and Combat Units) "in Command" so that they may move.
Command Designation 1.4 An Officer commands all Combat Units that share his Command Designation. The designation has two parts (usually): a Formation's Roman numeral, followed by a divisional designation. EXAMPLE: III/1 indicates III Corps/1st Division.
Command Range 6.4 The "radius of command," or distance beyond which a Leader cannot place forces "in Command." Commander's Range (4 hexes) and Officer's Range (3 hexes) can be traced through EZOCs if occupied by a friendly unit.
Command Rating 5.21 The number of Formations and individual Combat Units that a Commander may place "in Command" at one time.
Counter-Battery Fire 13.5 A reduction in the strength of a bombarding artillery unit by half the strength of artillery in the target hex.
Die Rolls: Use one six-sided die (d6) for all die rolls.
Division: Three units belonging to the same division may stack 3 units to the hex. Division I.D. is used in the Initial Set Up, and to specify regular and alternate reinforcements.
DRM (Die Roll Modifier): Number to be added to or subtracted from the die roll in specific situations.
Engage 4.3 The act of entering an Enemy Zone of Control—this requires an attack upon the adjacent Enemy units. Artillery when bombarding are not "Engaged."
EZOC: Zone of Control (see p. 24) of an Enemy unit.
Force: (a) a single stack, or (b) a Formation, excluding any out of command units. Any part of a formation in command now—or in the next Command Phase—can qualify as a force.
Formation: A group of Combat Units with an Officer that shares the same Command Designation, linked by color. French formations are of corps size; Russian and British formations are divisions.
Friendly: Friendly units are all those under the control of one player; enemy units are controlled by his opponent. Coalition Forces may include Prussian, Russian, Austrian, Swedish, British and other units. Forces Friendly to the French player include French and Polish; and until 1813, the Minor Allies—Dutch, Saxons, Württembergers, Bavarians, Westphalians, Badeners, Hessians, Italians, Swiss, Portuguese, Croats etc.
In Command 6.0 A unit or Officer within the Command Range of a Commander, or a unit within Command Range of an Officer who is in Command. The capabilities of units and Officers that are In Command are greater than those of units and Officers that are Out of Command.
Initiative Rating 6.0, 12.2, & 22.12 Used to determine whether Officers and units may move when they are not in Command and for Recovery. It is also used in Shock results.
Integrated Division: See Division.
Leaders 5.0 Commanders and Officers, necessary to Command your forces.
Line of Sight (LOS) 8.4 & 13.34 To observe enemy units. The LOS to units in clear terrain is 3 hexes. The LOS is reduced to 1 hex at Night, during Rain, Fog, Snow, or any type of Storm.
March Order 20.0 Allows a Force to move during the Friendly Command Movement Segment.
Movement Allowance 7.2 The amount of Movement Points (MPs) a unit may expend during each friendly Movement Phase. Each clear terrain hex costs one Movement Point to enter.
Officers 6.0 Leaders of a 'Formation' (Corps/division) are in charge of all units that share their Command Designation. They are the second link in the chain of command between Commanders and Combat Units.
Permanently Eliminated Units (PEU) Box 12.52 A holding area for combat units and trains that have been permanently eliminated and can no longer return to play.
Phasing Player: The Player whose Player-Turn is in progress.
Reconnaissance 8.3 When Hidden Force Markers are removed, revealing the units in a stack.
Recovery Turn 22.1 Each time weather is checked, a player may attempt to move eliminated Combat Units in the Reduced Units Box from the Awaiting Recovery Section to the Recovered section.
Reorganization 22.2 To return "recovered" units previously eliminated into play. Commanders may Reorganize any Unit in the Recovered Section while Officers may only Reorganize Recovered Units from their Formation.
Repulse 9.0 Moving forces attempt to displace enemy units out of their path. The moving force must have [5:1] odds.
Retreat Before Combat (RBC) 10.2 Cavalry may retreat prior to combat resolution as either attackers or defenders.
Road March 7.5 In order to benefit from road MP costs a unit must be in "Road March." Units in Road March may not stack and have other movement limitations.
Span 7.6 A term that includes both bridges (which cross rivers) and Trestles (which cross streams).
Square 14.23 A possible result of a cavalry charge, which forces a unit into Square until the end of its next Movement Phase, limiting its movement.
Storm: A Thunderstorm, Snowstorm, or Duststorm.
Supply Line 17.4 A Line of up to fourteen [14] connected hexes from a Combat Unit to: 1) a Supply Source, or 2) a Baggage Train on a road or trail, thence along road or trail hexes to a Supply Source. The first [14] hexes of the Supply Line are termed the "Forward" Line and the remainder, from the Baggage Train to the Supply Source, is termed the "Trunk" Line. The Trunk Line may continue for any distance to a Friendly Supply Source.
Surrounded: A unit is surrounded and may not retreat if all adjacent hexes contain enemy units, EZOCs, and/or prohibited terrain.
Train Units 18.0 Pontoon Trains and Baggage Trains have no ZOCs and cannot stack. Trains pay cavalry costs and double the normal terrain movement costs during Mud, Thunderstorm and Snowstorm. Train Units do not require Command or Initiative to move.
Trestle 7.6 A span crossing over a stream.
Unit: A Combat unit, train, or vedette.
Unit I.D. 1.4.2 The name of the unit's commanding general or designation.
Unit Type: The combat arm—infantry, cavalry, artillery, or horse artillery. Cavalry have separate terrain costs for Movement.
Units Awaiting Recovery Box 12.51 & 22.1 A holding area for combat units that have been eliminated in combat, not yet recovered or ready for reorganization.
Vedettes 16.0 Light Cavalry (LC) units can be broken-down into a number of Vedettes indicated on the unit's counter. Vedettes are non-combat units. They move like cavalry but they don't fight.
Zone of Control (ZOC) 4.0 All six hexes adjacent to a Combat Unit. A River hexside blocks ZOCs—units exert no ZOC across River hexsides (whether bridged or not).
Series Rules Credits
Series Rules, Version 7.38.
Editorial: Mark Simonitch, Dick Vohlers, Derek Lang, John Jefferies, Jason Roach Playtesting: Christopher Moeller, Eugene Rodek, Michele Cremonese, Paolo Scannapieco, A.E. Gebhardt Illustrations: Mark Simonitch, Robert Tunstall Design: Kevin Zucker
Printed in USA. © 2025 Operational Studies Group. PO Box 69 • Front Royal, VA • 22630 • USA. www.napoleongames.com
Study Folder
The Study Folder is the second official booklet in the box (cover printed Vers. 1.71; the closing credit line below reads Version 1.72), transcribed in full below. Its numbering continues from the Series Rules above — section 24.0, the optional Card Instructions booklet, is a separate physical publication not included in this document.
Napoleon's Wheel — an Historical Simulation Game of the Ulm-Austerlitz Campaign, Oct.-Dec. 1805. www.Napoleongames.com. Copyright © 2020, Operational Studies Group, 21211 USA.
Design: Kevin Zucker ORBAT: Jean Foisy, John H. Gill, Derek Lang Map and Set-ups: Tim Carne, Kevin Zucker Scenario Design: Jean Foisy, John Devereaux, Andreas E. Gebhardt, Kevin Zucker, Eugene Rodek Playtesting: Tim Carne, John Devereaux, Jean Foisy, Andreas E. Gebhardt, John Prados, Eugene Rodek, Timothy Smith Historical Weather: Dr. Wolfgang Rammacher Editorial: Dick Vohlers, Kevin Zucker Graphics: Knut Grünitz (Cards), Charlie Kibler (Counters and Maps), Christopher Moeller (Box), Brendan Clark (Charts & Tables) Card Illustrations: Müller-Bohn, H.: Die Deutschen Befreiungskriege—Deutschlands Geschichte von 1806-1815, 1907. Pflugk-Hartung, J. v.: 1813-1815, Illustrierte Geschichte der Befreiungskriege, 1913. Box Cover: Richard Caton Woodville Jr.: Croix d'Honneur, 1912 (detail)
Game Components:
- 2 Map Sheets 34" x 22"
- 1 Map Sheet 22" x 17"
- 1 Map Sheet 17" x 11"
- 2 Counter Sheets: 560 die-cut playing pieces
- 2 Booklets: System Rules, Study Folder
- 20 Player Aid Cards: TRC x8, Initial Set-up x5 (French-2, Coalition-3), Casualty x2, Weather x1, Combat Results x1, Reorganization x1, Fog of War x2.
- 2 Decks of 50 Cards each (TLNB Universal Deck)
- Adding the Cards Folder, 11" x 17"
- Combat Tables Folder, 11" x 17"
- Orders Slip Sheet/Sequence of Play
- Victory Worksheet
- Cards Removed from Deck/Scenario Parameters
- Game Box
Contact for missing parts: [email protected]
25.0 Scenarios
26 AUG 1805: Soldiers of IV, V and VI Corps set out from the coastal camp of Boulogne in magnificent weather, along parallel routes. Further up the coast the III Corps, under Davout, marched from Bruges in Belgium; Marmont's II Corps from Holland; and Bernadotte's I Corps from Hannover beyond the Rhine.
Marshal Augereau's VII Corps, at the other end of the continent, faced a two-month journey of over 500 miles. Napoleon's sudden appearance on the Danube was a shock to Austrian General Mack, who was dazzled into inactivity. In the "wheel" maneuver of October, the French surprised and captured Ulm, taking 42,000 troops at a cost of fewer than 10,000. In just 30 days they would race down the Danube and occupy Vienna.
Despite the loss of his capital, the Austrian Emperor Franz refused to surrender, retiring instead into Bohemia alongside the Russian Army under Kutuzov, meeting Tsar Alexander with a second army under Büxhowden at Olmütz.
By late November, the French were over-extended, without food and supplies. The chill winds blowing out of the Sudeten Mountains reminded them of the need for a conclusive battle and a halt to operations. When the Austro-Russian army advanced en masse to the hills west of Austerlitz, Napoleon played along, ordering his troops to feign demoralization and a panicked retreat.
25.1 The Scenario Information
Napoleon's Wheel includes five Battle Games and two Campaign Games. Players select a game to play, referring to the Initial Set-up Cards (25.21).
25.11 Scenario Guide:
| Scenario | Type | Maps | Turns |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27.0 Haslach DoB | Meeting | Ulm | 7 |
| 28.5 Elchingen AtB | River Crossing | Ulm | 22 |
| 28.0 Elchingen DoB | River Crossing | Ulm | 11 |
| 29.0 Dürnstein DoB | Envelopment | Dur | 13 |
| 30.0 Schoengrabern DoB | Rearguard | Sch | 5 |
| 30.5 Hollabrunn AtB | Rearguard | Sch | 26 |
| 31.0 Ulm Mini-Campaign | — | Ulm | 74 |
| 32.5 Austerlitz AtB | Envelopment | Aus | 23 |
| 32.0 Austerlitz DoB | Pitched Battle | Aus | 15 |
| 33.0 Campaign Game | — | All | 138 |
25.12 Game Equipment Required per Battle:
- one or more map sections (25.11).
- a unique selection of counters (25.21).
- a Turn Record Card for each day. The Game-Turn marker is placed on the designated Start turn.
- Casualty Record Tracks, Reorganization displays for both players, Weather, Combat Tables Folder.
- The System Rules, as modified herein.
- Two Player decks of 50 cards each (optional). The card rules (24.0) are included in a separate 4-page folder (25.42—25.44).
- Scenario parameters and list of cards to be removed from decks (25.43)—separate sheet to consult at set-up.
- Orders Slips, Victory Worksheet.
25.13 French Nationalities: The French Player controls units of France (light and dark blue), Holland (orange), Italian Royal Guard (white) and Bavaria (green).
25.14 Coalition Nationalities: The Coalition Player controls Russian (brown) and Austrian (white) units. Austrian and Russian units cannot stack together or combine in an attack during the Combat Step. If stacks from both nationalities are adjacent to a single French stack, only one of them can be subject to 10.31. The other stack(s) remain "in contact" or else attack different enemy hexes. EXCEPTION: Austrian and Russian units may stack if there is a leader present in the hex.
25.15 Coalition Commanders: Russian commanders may command Austrian units and vice-versa. Austrian and Russian units belonging to the same Corps may be placed in command by their Corps officer. NOTE: The Austrian Leader Liechtenstein is the Officer of the (mostly-Russian) V Corps at Austerlitz. Commanders-in-Chief: Mack, Bagration, and Kutuzov (Austerlitz).
25.16 Duplicate Brigades: Duplicate brigades have the same unit i.d. with the suffix "-b." Duplicates may have a different corps stripe and strength. For example, Dumonceau's three Dutch units with Mortier's VIII Corps are duplicates for the same three units in II Corps (25.33). In no case can a duplicate "-b" unit appear at the same time as the principal unit. EXCEPTION: The Mariupol Hussars are not a duplicate—suffix "b" indicating the regiment has been split into separate parts.
25.2 Setting Up the Scenarios
Set up the map required for play.
25.21 Initial Set-up: The First Player (26.6) sets up first. The units to set-up are listed on the Initial Set-up Cards. Each unit and leader has a separate line showing the location at the start of each battle (25.22). This may be modified by Mode Cards (24.5). The units to set-up at reduced strength are listed with an ®. They are treated as having been eliminated and already reorganized. "Composition" is for historical interest. All units set-up in supply as Hidden Forces (8.2). Unstacked units may start in Road March at the owning player's option.
25.22 Hex Numbers: The hex numbers on the Initial Set-up cards show units' location at the start of the scenario. Place all combat units and leaders on the map in the hexes specified. If "Reinf." is listed, the unit arrives as a reinforcement (or if "ALT," 25.51). If a light gray is shown the unit is not in play. The second player may adjust the placement of any one friendly unit into any adjacent hex prior to the first player turn (not in an EZOC). The set-up may include overstacked hexes. Make sure to observe stacking limits by the end of your first move.
25.23 Reinforcements (19.1, 25.5): All reinforcements are in supply upon entry. Reinforcement arrival is listed on the Turn Record Card as modified by the play of Arrival Cards (24.7). If the Corps designation follows an officer's name, all units of that corps arrive on the same turn (25.53). If a division is listed, all units of that division arrive on the same turn.
25.24 Pontoon Trains: Availability of pontoon trains is specified in the scenario information. Available Pontoon Trains must be set-up within [7] hexes of the designated friendly Commander.
25.25 Baggage Trains: All Baggage Trains set-up within [7] hexes of any unit in their respective formation or enter as reinforcements (25.26), unless an exact hex is specified. Each corps formation has its own dedicated baggage train. EXCEPTION: Small formations of fewer than 4 units have no dedicated baggage train (18.21).
25.26 Train Reinforcements:
- If an entire formation is listed as a reinforcement on a single turn, the baggage and pontoon trains arrive after all combat units.
- If part of the formation sets-up on map and part arrives later as a reinforcement, trains set up or arrive with either group at owner's choice.
25.27 Leaders: Leaders set-up in the hex specified, or, at owning player's choice, Commanders may set-up with any Friendly force—Officers in any hex containing units of their Formation—in supply and not in an EZOC. Leaders ignore Mode Cards unless specifically mentioned. Leader cards may be played as "inapplicable" (24.35) prior to the named leader's arrival.
25.28 Vedettes: Vedettes may be deployed at the beginning of a scenario at the owning player's choice, anywhere within three hexes of their parent unit (not in an EZOC). The second player deploys all available vedettes first, then the first player deploys his vedettes.
25.29 Commander-Officers: French Leaders Davout, Lannes, Mortier and Russian Bagration are Commander-Officers (5.23).
25.3 Forces at a Glance
25.31 French Forces
| CORPS | ULM | DÜRNS | SCHOEN | AUSTERLITZ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | • | • | • | ! |
| II | ! | • | • | • |
| III | • | • | • | ! |
| IV | ! | • | ! | |
| V | ! | • | ! | |
| VI | ! | • | • | • |
| VIII | • | ! | • | • |
| C | ! | |||
| IND | • | • | • | ! |
| Gde | • | • | • | ! |
25.32 Coalition Forces
Austrian Army
| CORPS | ULM | DÜRNS | SCHOEN | AUSTERLITZ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AG | • | • | ||
| I | ! | • | • | • |
| II | ! | • | • | • |
| III | ! | • | • | • |
| IV | ! | • | • | |
| V | • | • | • | • |
Russian Army
| CORPS | ULM | DÜRNS | SCHOEN | AUSTERLITZ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | • | • | ||
| II | • | • | • | ! |
| III | • | • | • | ! |
| IV | • | • | ||
| V | • | • | • | ! |
| AG | • | |||
| Gde | • | • | • | ! |
KEY: ! = in play. • = part of formation in play (may not all be present). A blank cell = Not in play, but may be ALT.
Initiative Box Color Indicates First Appearance: Dürnstein = Blue; Schoengrabern = Red; Austerlitz = Yellow. (1st appearance at Haslach and Elchingen, and ALT have the standard initiative box color.)
25.33 Unit names with suffix "-b": Units that reorganized during the campaign carry the same name followed by the code "-b." The "-b" unit appears instead of the principal counter with the same name. In the Coalition Army, with two exceptions the "-b" units appear at Austerlitz only. In the French Army, with one exception the "-b" units make up Mortier's ad hoc VIII Corps, created during the campaign. EXAMPLE: Urassov's Russian infantry brigade in Dokhturov's I Corps appears at Dürnstein; Urussov-b appears at Austerlitz. EXCEPTION: (25.16).
25.34 Utility Markers: Utility Markers include: 1-Hex, Damaged Bridge, Repaired Bridge, Charge/Overrun, Check, Control, Corps Demoralization, Delay, Demoralized, Garde Recule, I.P./Construct, Late Start, In Command, Out of Command, Out of Supply, Reorganizing, Repulse, Roadblock, Road March, Fire, Ruins, Smoke, Square, Suppressed, Weather, Game-Turn. Markers are explained below, on the cards or in the Series Rules.
- Square Marker: Place the Square Marker on any infantry unit that was successfully charged to denote doubled off-road movement costs.
- Fire/Ruins: See Coalition FOW Card No. 14. Roll 1d6 to determine duration of Fire; n = no. of turns (place Fire Marker on the TRC). Rain or Snowstorm extinguishes Fire immediately; replace marker with RUINS.
- Smoke: Throughout the duration of Fire, Smoke blocks LOS. Roll 1d6 to determine wind direction. Place Smoke Marker 3 hexes from fire, opposite the prevailing wind: 1 North, 2 East, 3 SE, 4 South, 5 West, 6 NW. Prevailing wind direction for Austerlitz only: 1 North, 2 East, 3 SE, 4 West, 5 NW, 6 NW. Roll only once per day at the first fire. All three smoke hexes are blocking terrain.
- Suppressed: (See Bombardment Table Results)
- Specialized Command Markers: During the Command Segment (B.4) place In Command markers on officers and units placed in command by commanders. Then place In Command or Out of Command markers on officers as they check initiative.* As you go along, place "Check" markers on units outside of command range. These will check initiative later on. When checked and initiative is gained, place a gray color marker to indicate the unit may move up to its MA, but not advance after combat. *HOUSE RULE: Officers that fail their initiative roll are given a 1-hex marker if the officer is 2 or 3 hexes from an enemy unit (25.81).
25.4 Scenario Information Detail
The following information is provided in 27.0—33.0.
25.41 Duration: The game ends with the completion of the last turn specified under "Duration," or may end immediately when all the formations of one side are demoralized or have exited. The Level of Victory still has to be determined (26.2).
25.42 Mode Cards at Start: The number of Mode Cards to draw on the first turn of each day.
25.43 Remove Cards from Deck: Before play begins remove specified number of cards from each Player's card deck (24.2). See separate list per Battle. On the reverse side is Scenario Parameters. This sheet is a summary of info you need to play all the battles.
25.44 Bonus Cards: On the second turn of each battle, each player draws a number of Bonus Cards specified for that battle. If playing the campaign, at the end of each battle, each player draws a number of Bonus cards determined by victory level (26.5).
25.45 Alternate Reinforcements (ALT): (25.51)
25.46 Special Rules: Rules that apply to this battle; at start conditions and map area in play. Danube-Specific Rules (25.7) apply to all battles.
25.47 Victory Conditions: Victory Points (26.1) are awarded for control of places on the map. Certain VP locations that do not count in a battle are listed.
25.5 Reinforcements
Reinforcement units (19.1) are placed on the Turn Record Cards, and enter at the mapedge hex specified on the TRC. All units of the formation enter on the same turn unless listed separately, subject to card play, depending on size of formation for large forces (25.53).
25.51 Alternate Reinforcements (ALT): ALT Reinforcements are listed in the Scenario Information by group number. One numbered group of friendly ALT Reinforcements appears for each Alternate Reinforcement Card (No. 29) played. ALT groups must appear in order of priority starting with #1. Each time an ALT group enters, the enabling card is removed from play after being scored (26.16). ALT Reinforcements enter at reinforcement entry hexes as noted.
If not using the cards—roll two d6 during the Command Movement Segment of every Recovery Turn: on a result of 2 or 3, you may enter the next group of Alternate Reinforcements listed; if you roll a 4–12, there is no result. If you roll a 2 or 3, your opponent can roll 2d6 to delay by one turn the alternate reinforcements; the delay is successful if he also rolls a 2 or 3.
25.52 Hidden Reinforcements: All Reinforcements enter the map as Hidden Forces. Vedettes may enter instead of their parent LC units.
25.53 Deploying Off-Map Reinforcements: For multi-hex forces awaiting entry, all additional stacks after the first are deployed off-map in a column (see Glossary), beginning with the leader at the front of the column, and ending with the baggage (25.26). Reinforcements can enter in Road March at the owning player's option.
25.6 March Orders
One March Order per player may be issued prior to the start of any scenario, to any friendly force in play on the map, if a Commander of the appropriate army is on-map at the start of the scenario (20.1). Special Rules may alter the number of March Orders at start.
25.61 Pre-Programmed March Orders: The Special Rules may specify mandatory "pre-programmed" March Orders. These orders represent historical conditions limiting the leaders' freedom of action. They can be removed according to 20.23. One March Order can be changed at night (20.4, 2.2B).
25.62 Late Start Mode Card: If you want to change a pre-programmed March Order and you drew a Late Start Mode Card, the leader will need to awaken first. A "sleeping" leader moves with his units. NOTE: Any kind of SNAFU can be covered by the term "asleep."
25.7 Danube Theater of Operations-Specific Rules
This section applies to all four battles.
25.71 Night Combat: Darkness creates certain exceptions to the rules of Movement and Combat. The "6AM," "7-8 PM" (and any other turns marked with diagonal shading on the TRC) use the Day Sequence of Play with the following modifications:
- There is No Command Movement Segment: All Movement during the shaded turns is by Initiative. EXCEPTIONS: Units with a current March Order in effect (20.4); Commanders can move freely (individually).
- There is NO LOS during shaded turns. You must define attacks before revealing enemy units.
- All "Ar*" and "Dr*" results become "Shock."
- Arty. and HArt. may not bombard or contribute their strength to an adjacent attack; they may defend against enemy attacks as they would during daylight hours.
- Cards are not drawn or played during shaded turns. Movement Allowance is 2/3 MPs (inf/cav).
25.72 Weather (WX): Roll one d6 to determine WX on the first turn of each day (or use Historical Weather). Consult the table every three hours (0600, 0900, 1200, 1500, etc.) Weather Table column headings show time of die roll. Results obtained endure for three hours.
- Historical WX: Read the Date column and cross-reference with the time of check. EXAMPLE: On 15-Nov. at 0600, Mud applies, meaning Cavalry, Trains, and Artillery MP costs are doubled; all bombardment has a -2 DRM, and adjacent artillery is reduced in strength by 25%; no cavalry charges.
- All listed weather conditions apply each turn until the next WX check. Weather effects do not apply at Night.
- Fog reduces Movement Allowance of all units by 1.
- The Maximum MP Cost increase from all effects is x2.
25.73 Release of French Imperial Guard: Units of the Guard Corps may not voluntarily engage prior to play of French Card No. 23. Staking the Guard (11.3) applies. If not using cards—use the die roll process (25.51). On a 2 or 3, release the guard cavalry only; on the next 2 or 3, all remaining guard units.
25.74 Roadblocks (Optional Rule, but required in 28.18, 30.18 and 30.55): A roadblock is built by an infantry battalion with tools. (We can imagine the troops moving out after their work is done.) Roadblocks have a combat strength of 1 but may never attack. Roadblocks are static, immobile and "unable to retreat fully/PEU." Enemy units may not enter a hex containing a Road Block counter. A roadblock is blocked to French and Coalition alike, including movement, retreats, supply lines and Command Radius. A roadblock at a bridge may be cleared by units crossing the bridge (25.78).
25.75 Roadblock Construction: Each army can construct up to 2 Roadblocks at start and 2 each Night PM turn, at least 3 hexes from the nearest enemy unit, and within 2 hexes of a friendly infantry unit (in both cases tracing only through terrain passable to infantry). Roadblocks may only be placed in a road or trail hex at a defile—either end of a bridge, in a town, slope hex, or woods, and must be pointed toward the defile hexside. Construction is automatic—simply place the Roadblock Marker with the red arrow pointed toward the blocked defile. You may build up to two roadblocks in a hex, each pointing to a different defile hexside.
25.76 Reconnaissance against Roadblocks: Roadblocks are placed face down until revealed by recon (8.3) or Repulse (9.12). The roadblock is treated as "no cav" on the Reconnaissance Table. A repulse is resolved as a regular combat, with no column shift (9.22).
25.77 Roadblock ZOCs: A face-down Roadblock marker has a ZOC into all adjacent hexes. The 5 non-defile hexsides are revealed as non-controlled only when the roadblock marker is face-up, leaving one actual hex of ZOC. Friendly units may stack with the Roadblock—their ZOCs are unimpaired.
25.78 Clearing Roadblocks: To clear a roadblock, an enemy infantry unit must attack it through the defile hexside. It can also be cleared automatically by a friendly infantry unit in the same hex. The attack is resolved on the Combat Results Table. Do not use Shock for combat vs. Roadblocks. A Shock, retreat or 1R result for the roadblock means it is cleared. A cavalry or artillery unit without infantry cannot attack (or bombard) through the defile hexside, but may attack from non-defile hexsides. If no infantry units attack through the defile hexside, at the same time, that roadblock is not removed.
25.79 Defending a Roadblock: There are no additional terrain effects on combat for units stacked with a roadblock. The defense strength of the roadblock is added to the total combat strength defending the hex, unless no infantry attack through the Roadblock hexside. Cavalry Charges are not permitted against a Roadblock.
25.8 House Rules (Optional)
House Rules may be adopted by player consensus.
25.81 Officer Initiative Checks: If an officer is located 2 or 3 hexes from an enemy unit when he fails his Initiative die roll, the leader, plus all of his units in Command Range may move one (and only one) hex. They are Out of Command. Place a "1-Hex" marker (25.34).
25.82 Artillery as Wheeled Units: Treat all artillery like trains, moving at cavalry costs. Artillery may not enter Slope hexes except by Road or Trail. Artillery may not cross Rivers (even if frozen), or streams, except via bridge, trestle, or Pontoon bridge. Artillery and Cavalry may not cross frozen ponds.
25.83 Road March: Two units of 3 SPs or less may be adjacent to each other when in Road March (7.53).
25.9 Team Play
In a multi-player game, one player assumes the role of Napoleon; Coalition Players represent Mack or Kutuzov, Bagration or Buxhowden. The Commanders control their associated formations (see Initial Set-up cards).
25.91 Communication Among Players: Players may not discuss plans, tactics or strategy unless the Commanders they represent are within 3 hexes of each other.
25.92 Aides-de-Camp: Written notes may be passed between Coalition players. One message may be dispatched per player every friendly Command Phase.
25.93 Objective Hexes: Only place names, not hex numbers, may be specified as objective hexes.
25.94 Arrival Time: Written notes are dispatched during the Friendly Command Phase and are received during a later Friendly Command Phase. Travel time between leaders—three complete Turns.
25.95 Victory: After the winning side is determined, each of the Players compares the total VPs that he obtained in categories c-d-f-g-h only (26.11), or VP hexes his units were first to occupy for his side. The player with the highest VP score becomes C-in-C in the next battle, with choice of which side to play and choice of team.
26.0 Victory Conditions
Victory is awarded to the player or team with the most Victory Points at the end of the game. In the Campaign Game, the level of Victory is according to the ratio of each side's Victory Point total (26.21).
26.1 Victory Point Awards
Victory Points are awarded for the conditions listed (26.11). Calculate victory point awards at the end of each Day of Battle (11-Oct, 14-Oct, 11-Nov, 16-Nov, and 2-Dec).
26.11 Determine VP Totals: VPs are awarded for:
- a) Enemy Combat SPs Eliminated (26.12)
- b) Enemy Formations Demoralized (26.13).
- c) Captured Enemy Baggage Trains (26.14).
- d) Controlled Hexes (26.15)
- e) Total VPs of cards you have played (26.16)
- f) Leaders in a town through the Night (26.17)
- g) Captured Commanders (26.18)
- h) Units that have exited the map (26.3)
26.12 Total Combat SPs Eliminated: At the end of battle, total the losses in SPs by both sides, including the total SPs in the PEU, Unrecovered and Recovered boxes. Don't count SPs in the Full Strength Holding Box. Subtract the smaller from the larger total. The side losing the least SPs receives VPs as follows:
| Difference | VP Award | Difference | VPs |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-4 | 0 VPs | 20-24 | 4 VPs |
| 5-9 | 1 VP | 25-30 | 5 VPs |
| 10-14 | 2 VPs | 30-34 | 6 VPs |
| 15-19 | 3 VPs | 35-39 | 7 VPs, etc. |
When calculating Total Combat Strength count the unit's Full Strength. EXCEPTION: For units starting the scenario at Reduced Strength, use reduced strength.
26.13 Enemy Formations Demoralized: Each Player receives [4] VPs for each enemy Formation demoralized at the end of play. EXCEPTION: only [2] VP are awarded for demoralization when the demoralization level of the formation is 4 or less.
26.14 Captured Baggage Trains: The Player receives [2] VPs for each Enemy Baggage Train captured (18.14).
26.15 Control: The Player receives [4] VPs for each Enemy Supply Source he controls. Each Player also receives the number of Victory Points printed on the map for each VP Hex he controls. EXCEPTIONS:
- The Scenario Victory Conditions may specify certain VP hexes that do not apply in that scenario.
- If a player begins the game in control of an enemy Supply Source, or if his Reinforcements enter there, no VPs are scored for it.
To be considered in control of a hex, a friendly Combat Unit in Supply must physically occupy the hex, or be the last unit to have occupied or moved through it. An occupying unit that is Out of Supply at the moment it enters or moves through a hex does not control that hex. To indicate the control of a hex, place a control marker of the proper side in the hex.
26.16 Cards: Add or subtract the VP Value of each card you have played during the day, if that card's instruction was actually used, as specified on the card.
26.17 Leader in a town throughout the Night: Each player receives 1/2 VP for every friendly Officer, and 1 VP for every commander, in a town or a Chateau who will remain there all night.
26.18 Capture of Commanders: A player receives a number of VPs for each captured Commander equal to that Commander's (printed) Command Rating.
26.2 Levels of Victory
At the end of the battle the totals of Victory Points achieved by the two players are compared as a ratio (French: Coalition), to determines the level of victory—Marginal, Tactical, or Strategic. Divide the French by the Coalition VP total.
26.21 Find VP Ratio:
| Ratio | Result |
|---|---|
| 1 to 2 or less | Coalition Strategic |
| 1 to 1.5 / 1 to 1.99 | Coalition Tactical |
| 1 to 1 / 1 to 1.49 | Coalition Marginal |
| 1.01 to 1 / 1.5 to 1 | French Marginal |
| 1.51 to 1 / 2 to 1 | French Tactical |
| More than 2 to 1 | French Strategic |
26.22 When Total of VPs is Zero: Convert scores of "0" to "1" in order to calculate VP ratio.
26.23 Levels of Victory in the Campaign Game: In the Campaign Game at the end of each battle, the winner, Level of Victory and total VPs for each side must be recorded (26.5).
26.3 Exiting the Map
Either Player may choose to exit his units by playing the "General Retreat" card once per game. If not using the cards, the Phasing Player may still declare one General Retreat per game (20.5). Individual units in a General Retreat move to the closest Exit Hex of the appropriate army (20.51). Friendly units may exit where an enemy unit previously exited. The exiting unit pays the Movement cost of the hex it is leaving once again. Exited units may be reorganized in the campaign (33.7). Units that exit the map cannot be returned to play. EXCEPTION (28.2, 33.7). Exited units are not considered eliminated for Victory Point purposes. Units forced to retreat off the map after combat are eliminated.
26.31 VP Award: If he makes a "General Retreat" (G.R.) the Exiting Player receives [4 VP] for exiting each friendly baggage train, and [1 VP] for every five combat units exited. EXCEPTION: The total number of VPs from exiting units may not exceed the total number of enemy combat units PEU and UAR. EXAMPLE: The French player exits 25 units. The Coalition lost 5 units, so all five VPs are counted.
26.32 Refugees: After declaring a G.R., all of that player's combat units on the map at the end of the game that have an unblocked Supply Line (17.4) to the active exit hex (26.3) will count as part of the total of exited units. All of his combat units without a Supply Line at the end of the scenario will be counted as PEU.
26.33 No Award: Even if you do not declare "General Retreat," you may choose at any time to exit individual units to prevent their destruction, but unless they fulfill the terms of 26.31 or 26.32, you receive no VPs.
26.34 Exit by March Order: A force may be assigned a March Order to exit the map.
26.4 Zero Loss Award
The Player receives [2] VPs if the total of eliminated SPs in the Friendly PEU + Unrecovered + Recovered boxes at the end of the game is zero.
26.5 Bonus Cards in the Campaign Game
The full campaign (33.0) is comprised of Haslach and Elchingen, Dürnstein, Hollabrunn/Schoengrabern, Austerlitz, and Lull periods. Score the Level of Victory at the end of each Day of Battle (11-Oct, 14-Oct, 11-Nov, 16-Nov, and 2-Dec). Each victory will allow the winning player to draw Bonus Cards from his card deck at the battles that follow.
PROCEDURE: At the beginning of every day, when players draw a new hand of cards, the loser draws cards equal to his previous day's hand. The winner draws the number of cards stipulated by his victory level then discards down to his previous day's hand size +1. The winner's hand should always be equal to or greater than his original hand +1. Shuffle all discards back into the deck.
- Each Strategic Victory: 3 Bonus Cards per battle
- Each Tactical Victory: 2 Bonus Cards per battle
- Each Marginal Victory: 1 Bonus Card per battle
- Each player receives a minimum of 2 Bonus Cards.
EXAMPLE: The French Player wins a Tactical Victory at Haslach, and a Marginal Victory at Elchingen. He would draw three "Bonus Cards" (plus the regular cards) on turn two of Dürnstein. The Coalition Player would draw the minimum of 2 Bonus Cards each day.
26.6 First Player
The French Player is the first player and sets-up first.
27.0 The Battle of Haslach
Dupont Stops Mack, 11 October 1805
27.1 Introduction
General Mack had one golden opportunity to break out and, at the same time, strike a blow against the French LOC. He had concentrated his forces at Ulm and ordered Kienmayer to join him to support the attack. Unbeknownst to him, Augsburg in the rear had already been activated as the new French Supply Source, and Kienmayer was cut-off.
Napoleon did not anticipate an Austrian offensive north of the Danube, believing that the Austrians in Ulm were merely a rearguard. Murat ordered Marshal Ney to send the bulk of his VI Corps south across the Danube, leaving only Dupont's division of 4,100 infantry west of Albeck, along with 2,100 foot dragoons further north. Dupont attacked the vastly superior Austrians, persuading Mack that he was the advanced guard of much larger force. At nightfall, after losing 6,000 prisoners plus 1,100 dead and wounded, the Austrians fell back to Ulm. The French lost 900 prisoners, 1,500 dead and wounded, 11 guns and 18 wagons.
27.11 Duration: 11 Oct, 2 PM—7-8 PM (6 turns).
27.12 Mode Cards at Start: French 2, Coalition 3.
27.13 Bonus Cards, Turn 2: French 2, Coalition 2.
27.14 Pontoon Trains: French none, Coalition one.
27.15 Counter Mix: (25.3).
27.16 First Player: French.
27.17 Improved Positions: 0515, 0914, 1111, 1211.
27.18 Roadblocks: none.
27.2 Alternate Reinforcements:
- FRENCH: None
- COALITION
- #1. JELLACIC/IV (less Civalart and Franz) (27.34)
- #2. WERNECK/I (less O'Donnel, Vogel, Dienersberg, Strachwitz) (27.34)
- #3. KIENMAYER/AG, Caramelli, Thelen Inf. and Arty., Haager, Nostitz, Baggage (2701)
27.3 Special Rules
27.31 Damaged Bridges at Start: none.
27.32 March Orders at Start: French none, Coal. one.
27.33 Map Area in Play: Set up all units in accordance with the "11-Oct" column of the Initial Set-up. This scenario uses the Ulm Map.
27.34 Static Corps: ALT #1 above was preparing to move south. It may not move until play of Card No. 29. ALT #2 above may not move until play of the second Card No. 29. EXCEPTION: Units listed in parenthesis (27.2) may move freely. If not using the cards—roll two d6 (25.51).
27.35 Dupont: French units Royer, Marchand and Villeneuve's Arty. of Dupont's 1st Div. are in automatic command for each turn of 11-Oct. (no die roll). They may move every turn in the Command Movement Segment.
27.4 Victory Conditions
VPs are earned as per 26.1.
27.41 Control: VP Hexes that do NOT count: none.
28.0 The Battle of Elchingen
Ney's River Crossing, 13-14 October 1805
28.1 Introduction
The Emperor managed to seal off the Austrian escape routes to the south and east, and Mack was fed erroneous news that revolution had broken out in France. Mack sent Riesch's corps down the left bank of the Danube toward Langenau. Ney re-crossed to the left bank into Riesch's flank at Elchingen, capturing the heights and driving the Austrians back toward Ulm, taking many captives. Ulm was soon surrounded.
28.11 Duration: 14 Oct, 9 AM—7-8 PM (11 turns).
28.12 Mode Cards at Start: French 2, Coalition 3.
28.13 Bonus Cards, Turn 2: French 2, Coalition 2.
28.14 Pontoon Trains: French none, Coalition one.
28.15 Counter Mix: (25.3).
28.16 First Player: French.
28.17 Improved Positions: 0515, 0914, 1111, 1211.
28.18 Roadblocks: 2413, 1813, 4717 (Austrian).
28.2 Alternate Reinforcements:
- FRENCH
- #1. SOULT, C/2 Dgn, IV/1 Div. (0633)
- #2. IV/2 Div., 3 Div, Duchenois Arty., 4C (0633)
- #3. II/3 Div. (6120)
- COALITION
- #1: WERNECK/I, who had just exited the map hours before scenario start, with I Corps units (return) 2701
- #2: KIENMAYER, AG/Caramelli, Thelen Arty., Haager, Nostitz, Baggage (2701)
28.3 Special Rules
28.31 Damaged Bridges at Start: 2514/15, 1813/14, 4717/18.
28.32 March Orders at Start: Both Players have one.
28.33 Map Area in Play: Set up all units in accordance with the "14-Oct" column of the Initial Set-up. This scenario uses the Ulm Map. Special rules for the City of Ulm apply (31.34).
28.34 No French General Retreat: The French Player may not declare a General Retreat.
28.4 Victory Conditions
VPs are earned as per 26.1.
28.41 Control: VP Hexes that do NOT count: none.
28.5 Elchingen Approach to Battle
On the 13th, Mack sent Werneck up the Albeck road, with the baggage, and Riesch marched over the hills of Elchingen toward Langenau, while Schwarzenberg pulled back into Ulm, preparing to exit behind Werneck.
28.51 Duration: 13 Oct, 3 PM–14 Oct, 7-8 PM (22 turns).
28.52 Mode Cards at Start: French 2, Coalition 3. Reshuffle the Mode Cards at 3 AM each day. Draw Mode Cards on the first daylight turn each day (24.31).
28.53 Alternate Reinforcements:
- FRENCH: French ALT arrive at 0633
- #1. C/2 Dgn, IV/1 Div. SOULT
- #2. IV/2 Div., IV/3 Div, Duchenois Arty. IV/4C
- COALITION
- #1. WERNECK/I, w/exited I Corps units, return 2701
- #2: KIENMAYER/AG, Caramelli, Thelen Arty., Haager, Nostitz, Baggage, (2701)
28.54 Set-up: Set up units on the Ulm map in accordance with the "13-Oct" column of the Initial Set-up.
28.55 Tallying VPs at Night: Record VPs for Cards during the Night 3AM turn of 14 October.
28.56 All other Scenario Info: (same as 28.1—28.4)
29.0 The Battle of Dürnstein
Kutuzov's Trap, 11 Nov 1805
29.1 Introduction
After reaching Braunau, Kutuzov waited a few days to gather in his stragglers. On the 25th began the French pursuit of Kutuzov's army. Mortier was given command of a new VIII Corps to maneuver on the left bank, protecting the French flank. Dumonceau's division was transferred from II Corps, Gazan's from V Corps, Dupont's from VI Corps, and Klein's from the Cavalry Reserve. These divisions were over-extended and Gazan, sent into a trap between two Russian columns, was only rescued by the timely arrival of Dupont. The French lost more than a third of their troops engaged, and Gazan over 40 percent; the 4th Dgn lost an eagle. The Russians lost 4,000 men.
29.11 Duration: 11-Nov, 8 AM—7-8 PM (12 turns).
29.12 Mode Cards at Start: French 2, Coalition 2.
29.13 Bonus Cards, Turn 2: French 3, Coalition 2.
29.14 Flotilla: enters 10 AM at 0110 (29.35).
29.15 Counter Mix: (25.3).
29.16 First Player: French.
29.17 Improved Positions at Start: none.
29.18 Roadblocks: none.
29.2 Alternate Reinforcements:
- FRENCH:
- #1. C/1Dgn Fénerol, Lasalle (0102)
- #2. V/Laplanche, Dupas, Ruffin, Baltus Arty (29.37)
- #3. VIII/Heldring-b, Hadeln-b, Quaita-b, Martuwitz-b (0110)
- COALITION: None. Two ALT cards in deck (29.38).
29.3 Special Rules
29.31 Damaged Bridges at Start: 1811-1812. The 1,000-foot bridge may not be repaired (photo at left: the Mauterner Donaubrücke, rebuilt 1945).
29.32 March Orders at Start: French one, Coal. none.
29.33 Map Area in Play: Set up all units on the Dürnstein Map in accordance with the "11-Nov" column.
29.34 Dragons Teeth: These are impassible mountain hexsides; treat them like River hexsides with blocked LOS. No ZOCs cross them, no attacks or bombardment across. No command trace, no retreat through.
29.35 Flotilla: The French Player has one Flotilla arriving at 0110 at 10AM. The flotilla moves first during the Command Movement Segment, remaining always on the Danube (Donau) in any partial or full river hex. Enemy units cannot attack or capture the flotilla. Units may not retreat after combat via the Flotilla. Follow the general rules for pontoons except where noted. The flotilla can operate in any weather. Flotilla movement rate downstream is 15 hexes per turn (heading east), upstream movement rate is 3 hexes.
29.36 River Transport: The transport capacity of the Flotilla is 8 SPs of infantry and/or artillery per turn. Embarkation does not require an Initiative check as long as units and flotilla are in the same hex. Combat units may embark and debark during the same turn. Embarked units are placed under the Flotilla marker; when they debark stack them on top of the Flotilla. Units may not move on land on the turn of debarkation. They move normally on the following turn and thereafter. Combat units which end the game south of the Danube count as exited (26.3).
29.37 Transporting Grenadier Div. (ALT Reinf. #3): Oudinot's Grenadier Division sets-up in 11-Nov locations on the right bank. Instead of following Murat to Vienna as they did historically, play the ALT Card for transport using the Flotilla (29.36). If ALT #3 enters in the campaign game, the Grenadier Div. is not available at Schoengrabern and Hollabrunn (15-16 Nov).
29.38 Kutuzov and Bagration: Kutuzov and Bagration are "asleep" at start and may not move or transmit command unless one ALT Card is played (per leader), or enemy unit(s) arrive within 3 hexes of a given leader.
29.4 Victory Conditions
VPs are earned as per 26.1.
29.41 Control: VP hexes that do NOT count: none.
30.0 The Battle of Schoengrabern
Bagration's Rear-Guard, 15-16 Nov 1805
30.1 Introduction
Bagration's 7,300 infantry and cavalry were assigned to the rear-guard to provide Kutuzov's retreating army some elbow-room. These men were expendable, if only the main body gained a day's march. Joaquin Murat, pushing far ahead with his French cavalry and Oudinot's grenadiers, clashed with Austrian troops at Hollabrunn. Believing the ruse that an armistice had been agreed, Nostitz withdrew from Hollabrunn.
Murat followed toward Schongrabern, where he encountered Bagration, thinking he had run into Kutuzov's main force. A messenger was sent to the Russians offering to negotiate an armistice. Any prolonged negotiations would give Kutuzov the time he needed to get away, so he agreed at once and sent two aides-de-camp to give the negotiations credibility.
It isn't entirely clear what Murat hoped to achieve. Perhaps he was awaiting the arrival of IV and V Corps. But his ill-considered trickery cost the French 24 hours. When news reached the Emperor, he was beside himself with rage, and expressed his feelings in no uncertain terms. Stung by this new rebuke, Murat launched a ferocious attack, but the delay had given the main army a head start to join up with the Tsar and Buxhowden.
The fighting began about 5 PM on 16 November preceded by an artillery bombardment at 4 PM. Murat lost 2,000 men including Oudinot wounded, while the Russians lost 1,479 killed or missing and 931 wounded. Bagration was rewarded with promotion to the rank of lieutenant general.
30.11 Duration: 16 Nov, 5 PM—Midnight (5 turns).
30.12 Mode Cards at Start: French 1, Coalition 1.
30.13 Bonus Cards for Turn 2: French 3, Coalition 3.
30.14 Pontoon Trains: none.
30.15 Counter Mix: (25.3).
30.16 First Player: French.
30.17 Improved Positions at Start: 1012.
30.18 Roadblocks: Two Russian roadblocks (25.75).
30.2 Alternate Reinforcements:
- FRENCH: None
- COALITION: #1 I/Lewis Inf Bde., Arty., Denisov Cos. (0111)
30.3 Special Rules:
30.31 Damaged Bridges at Start: None.
30.32 March Orders: The Coalition units have a General Retreat March Order (20.5) at start. This allows Coalition units to exit enemy ZOCs. French: none.
30.33 Map Area in Play: Schoengrabern. Set up all units in accordance with the "16-Nov" column.
30.34 Night Combat: (25.71).
30.35 Fire in Schoengrabern: At the opening of the battle, the Russian gunners took aim at Schoengrabern, turning the town into a blazing inferno. At start place a Fire marker in hexes 1714 and 1814 and roll for wind direction (25.34). Play Coalition Fog of War Card No. 14: Fire (24.92). (Enduring effect.) Additional Effects: No units or leaders may enter or move through either Fire hex for the entire game.
30.4 Victory Conditions:
VPs are earned as per 26.1.
30.41 Control: VP hexes that do NOT count: none.
30.5 Approach to Battle: Hollabrunn
30.51 Duration: 15 Nov, 9AM–16 Nov, 11-12 PM (29 turns). Built-in Armistice (Lull) of 18 turns (33.7). Reinforcements arrive during the Lull and may move.
30.52 Mode Cards at Start: French 2, Coalition 1. Reshuffle the Mode Cards at 3 AM. Draw Mode Cards on the first daylight turn of each day (24.31).
30.53 Alternate Reinforcements: None.
30.54 Map Area in Play: Schoengrabern.
30.55 Set-up:
- FRENCH: No French units set-up on map.
- COALITION:
- AG/Nostitz infantry, 2814, AG/Hohenlohe cavalry, 3014, AG HArt., 3013.
- Remainder of AG/Bagration and IV/Repninsky occupy their 16-Nov locations north of Schoengrabern. (See Coalition Initial Set-up.)
- EXCEPTION: Ulanius-b sets up in Schoengrabern (1814) and the two Cossack vedettes set up anywhere within three hexes of Ulanius-b.
- ROADBLOCKS: Six (6) Russian Roadblocks deployed freely (at defiles, 25.75). Two (2) additional roadblocks are placed during the 3 AM Night Turn.
- FIRE IN SCHOENGRABERN is dependent upon the play Coalition Fog of War Card No. 14 (24.92). If not using the cards, at the moment any French unit enters Schoengrabern (1714, 1814), the Coalition Player rolls a die: on a 1-2 the town is set ablaze. 3-6 = No Result. If successful, roll for wind direction and place smoke marker.
30.56 Tallying VPs at Night: Record VPs for Cards during the Night 3AM turn of 16-Nov.
30.57 All other Scenario Info: (same as 30.1—30.4)
31.0 Ulm Mini-Campaign
31.1 Napoleon's Wheel
The mini-campaign is a combination of two scenarios, (27.0, 28.0). Record VPs achieved at the end of each Day of Battle.
31.11 Duration: 11 Oct, 2 PM—15 Oct, 8 PM.
31.12 Mode Cards at Start: French 2, Austrian 2.
31.13 Map Area in Play: This scenario uses the Ulm map. Set up all units in accordance with the "11-Oct" column of the Initial Set-up.
31.14 Card Deck–Remove from Deck: The number of cards removed varies day by day over the course of the Mini-Campaign. When creating the deck at 3AM, remove cards specified for that day; also remove any ALT Cards No. 29 played so far.
31.15 Bonus Cards: The outcome of each Day of Battle influences the number of bonus cards you get (26.5).
31.16 Pontoon Trains: Austrian one; French none.
31.17 Improved Positions: 0515, 0914, 1111, 1211.
31.2 Alternate Reinforcements
- FRENCH: French ALT Arrive at 0633
- #1. C/Walther
- #2. IV/SOULT, Merle, Levasseur, Brouard, Cany Arty.
- #3. IV/Schiner, Ferrey, Candras, Cabeau Arty.
- AUSTRIAN
- #1. IV/JELLACIC (return to map if exited) 0119
- #2. One exited LEADER + units with him (return) 2701
31.21 Reinforcements: Use the TRCs for October 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15.
31.3 Special Rules
31.31 Damaged Bridges at Start: none.
31.32 Campaign Lull: A French victory for 11-Oct results in a Lull on 12-Oct lasting until AM of the 13th (33.7). Set up all units still in play for 13-Oct.
31.33 March Orders at Start: The French Player may issue no March Orders (no commander on-map). The Austrian Player has 2 pre-programmed M.O. (27.32). In addition, Jellacic/IV receives an exit M.O. on 13-Oct (31.36), or upon any General Retreat (31.35).
31.34 Ulm: Each hex of Ulm (0416, 0417, 0517 and 0617) is treated as a chateau. Unstacked artillery and train units may end their move in Ulm; an exception to (15.21). Ulm may be entered by units of either side only via one of the five gates. French units may enter Ulm by attacking through any gate. Combat between adjacent enemy units on either side of a non-gated, walled hexside is not permitted. Treat such hexsides as a primary river (4.2). Artillery may bombard across the wall.
During the first Austrian Command Phase in which 5+ French Arty SPs occupy the Michelsberg (0514), the units in Ulm must pass an initiative roll (use the best unit). Initiative failure ends the game. Modifier: If more than one Austrian Formation is demoralized (anywhere on map, excluding exited forces), add one to the die roll. Tally VPs to determine the level of victory (26.11). The Herdbrücke (0518/0618) cannot be damaged.
31.35 General Retreat: Austrian Forces that declare a General Retreat (see 20.5) may exit at 2701 or 4101. Jellacic/IV exits at 0119 (31.36). If Austrian units exit from 2701 or 4101 the following French units must also exit from the same hex, starting with Group #1 below. REQUIREMENT: Exit at least the same amount of French SPs as the Austrians exited SPs, but not more than the total of all the units that comprise EXIT Groups #1, #2 and #3 below:
- #1. Gde/LC, Morland (3 SPs).
- #2. MURAT/C, 1st, 3rd, 4th Dgn Divs. (13 SPs).
- #3. VI/Rouyer, Marchand, Villeneuve Arty (13 SPs).
If any units included above have been eliminated then the French Player must exit unit(s) in their place up to the total SP requirement (including leaders). If he fails to exit the required SPs, he loses 1 VP per GROUP at the end of each French Player Turn the requirement is unmet.
31.36 Jellacic's departure: IV Corps (less Civalart and Franz) must exit at the rate of 4 units per turn starting 9AM, 13-Oct. at 0119. They have a pre-programmed March Order dedicated to this movement. If the required units do not exit, deduct 1 VP at the end of each Player Turn the requirement is unmet. The play of Coalition Card No. 29 removes the exit requirement; IV Corps units still on map when the card is played may remain and move freely.
31.37 All other Scenario Info: (same as 27.1, 27.2, 27.3, 33.6, 33.7)
31.4 Victory Conditions
(Same as 33.4—ignore references to Nov. and Dec.)
31.5 Initial Set-up
(Same as 33.5—ignore references to Nov. and Dec.)
32.0 The Battle of Austerlitz
The Pratzen and Sokolnitz, 1-2 Dec. 1805
32.1 Introduction
On the 1st of December the Austro-Russians moved onto the Pratzen heights, the dominating feature of the battlefield. Napoleon planned to divide Kutuzov's forces as they crossed the heights to attack Napoleon's deliberately-weakened right. An understrength division under Davout arrived in time to check the Coalition advance for the remainder of the day in a terrible struggle at Tellnitz and Sokolnitz. As more Russians marched off the plateau to reinforce the south, Napoleon unleashed Soult's IV Corps into their vacated center. Miloradovich attempted to plug the gap, and the battle entered its critical phase. Finally, the Russian left under Buxhowden was driven back across the lakes. Coalition casualties were 26,000 men and 191 guns; the French lost 8,000.
32.11 Duration: 2-Dec, 6 AM—7-8 PM (14 turns).
32.12 Mode Cards at Start: French 1, Coalition 3.
32.13 Bonus Cards for Turn 2: French 3, Coalition 3.
32.14 Pontoon Trains: French 1, Coalition (Austrian) 1, within 7 hexes of Buxhowden.
32.15 Counter Mix: (25.3).
32.16 First Player: French.
32.17 Improved Positions at Start: none.
32.18 Roadblocks: one French, within 3 hexes of 2314.
32.2 Alternate Reinforcements
- FRENCH
- #1. C/1 Dgn. Div., V/Fauconnet LC, HArt. (0104)
- #2. III/3rd Div., III/3C LC, HArt. (0104)
- #3. WREDE/BAV (3301)
- COALITION
- #1. FERDINAND/V (6118)
32.3 Special Rules
32.31 Damaged Bridges at Start: None.
32.32 March Orders at Start: The French Player has one (20.1). The Coalition Player has six pre-programmed March Orders, assigned to four objectives on the Goldbach by Chief of Staff Franz von Weyrother:
- AG/Kienmayer: 2014/2015
- I Corps/Dokhturov: 2014/2015
- II Corps/Langeron: 2214/2315
- III Corps/Przebyszewski: 2413/2514
- IV Corps/Miloradovich: 3209/3210
- VI Corps/Kollowrat: 3209/3210
32.33 Map Area in Play: Austerlitz. Set-up for 2-Dec.
32.34 Four Free March Orders (Optional): Instead of (32.32) the Coalition Player has four (4) March Orders at start. Objective hexes may be assigned freely (20.21).
32.35 Kutuzov: If not using the cards (only): Roll two d6 during the Coalition Command Movement Segment of every Recovery Turn: on a result of 2 or 3, implement 24.94 (FOW Card No. 20).
32.36 Weather: The Schwarzsava River and all ponds are always frozen. Artillery, cavalry, and trains may not traverse frozen ponds or unbridged river hexsides.
32.4 Victory Conditions
The VPs are earned as per 26.1.
32.41 Control: Hexes that do NOT count: none.
32.42 Victory Level: Napoleon needed a great victory—a Strategic Victory, nothing less. Interpret a French Tactical Victory (26.21) as a French Marginal, and a French Marginal Victory as a Coalition Marginal Victory.
32.5 Austerlitz Approach to Battle
The French had abandoned the Pratzen Heights entirely by November 30th.
32.51 Duration: 1 Dec. 2 PM, through 2 Dec. 7-8 PM (23 turns). Use the Austerlitz TRC.
32.52 Mode Cards at Start: French 2, Coalition 2. Draw Mode Cards the 1st daylight turn each day (24.5).
32.53 Alternate Reinforcements: (32.2)
32.54 Tallying VPs at Night: Record VPs for Cards during the Night 3AM turn. Reshuffle the Mode Cards.
32.55 All other Scenario Info: (same as 32.1—32.4)
33.0 Campaign Game
October 11—December 2, 1805
33.1 Introduction
The Campaign Game begins with forces set-up in their 11-Oct hexes (27.0). Each battle's outcome influences the number of bonus cards you get (26.5). Record VPs achieved on the Victory Worksheet.
33.11 Duration: 11 October, 2 PM—2 December, 7-8 PM. Use all Turn Record Cards provided.
33.12 Mode Cards at Start: French 2, Coalition 2.
33.13 Bonus Cards, Turn 2: French 2, Coalition 2.
33.14 Pontoon Trains: Mack 1, Kutuzov 1, French, none. (The French obtain one flotilla on 11 Nov., 29.35).
33.15 Counter Mix: All forces.
33.16 First Player: French.
33.17 Improved Positions at Start: none.
33.18 Roadblocks: none.
33.2 Alternate Reinforcements
All Alternate Reinforcements from the individual battles apply (27.2, 28.2, 29.2, 30.2 and 32.2) on a day-by-day basis. If French ALT #3 (29.2) appears in the campaign game, the Grenadier Div. is not available at Schoengrabern and Hollabrunn (15-16 Nov).
33.3 Special Rules
Use the individual battle game special rules during the corresponding days of the Campaign. All Special Rules from the individual battles apply (27.3, 28.3, 29.3, 30.3, 31.3, 32.3), as well as Danube-specific rules (25.7).
33.31 Map Area in Play: This scenario uses all maps.
33.32 All other Scenario info: (same as 27.0–32.0)
33.4 Campaign Game Victory Conditions
The total of VPs is tallied per player after each Day of Battle. See the "Campaign Ratio" Section of the Victory Worksheet to determine the overall level of victory for each Day of Battle.
33.41 Control: VP Hexes that do NOT count: On 12-Oct, a Lull day, no VPs are scored. On 15-Nov, no VPs are scored.
33.42 VPs for Control: During the night 3AM turn of 13 and 14-Oct—and 15-Oct at 9PM—tally the VPs for locations and record on the Victory Worksheet.
33.5 Initial Set-up
To start the Campaign, set up in accordance with the "11-Oct" set-up for the Ulm map. Proceed through the remaining days of the campaign in chronological order. For 11-Nov., 15-Nov., and 1-Dec. you will set up according to the Initial Set up cards for both sides, depending upon your actual losses and subsequent Reorganization (33.7).
33.51 Card Deck: During the night 3AM turn of 12-Oct, 13-Oct, 14-Oct, 15-Oct; 16-Nov at 11-12PM, and on 2-Dec at 7-8 PM, score VPs for cards played. Reshuffle the full Main Deck (24.23) excluding all ALT Reinforcement cards played so far (25.51). Draw Mode Cards each day (27.52).
33.6 Lull Days
After a full day of battle, an army was in need of food, bandages, ammunition and reorganization. Nobody could fight while engaged in Recovery and Reorganization. Outposts at these times stopped firing, while some units continued to maneuver. Officers were rebuilding their fighting capability, with troops still missing or foraging.
33.61 Skip 12-Oct: For a more historical and quicker campaign, skip over October 12th and move directly to the Approach to Battle start for the 13th (28.53). Use the historical set-up positions for "13-Oct," and implement the scenario information as provided in 28.1—28.3. (You may not skip the 18 turns of Lull, 15-16 Nov.)
33.62 Reduced Strength Units: Indications of ® on the Initial Set-up for 12-Oct, November and December set-ups should be ignored in the Campaign Game. Losses will depend on the outcome of the fight in prior battles. Carry your losses forward from map to map. EXCEPTION: All units in the UAR, and all captured baggage trains are automatically reorganized prior to the start of each battle.
33.7 Campaign Lull
Campaign Lulls occur on Oct. 12th and over 15-16 November. Begin with all units in play in their current positions. Later arriving reinforcements may expend up to their MA every recovery turn, but must stop moving if they arrive within 3 hexes of an enemy combat unit.
33.71 Turns of Play: Play proceeds by skipping from Recovery Turn to Recovery Turn: 9 AM, 12 Noon, 3 PM, etc. The following rules apply. Card play is suspended and the following Lull rules remain in effect until the next AtB or DoB. No VPs are scored during Lull Days.
33.72 Reorganization of Baggage Trains: During each Reorganization Segment (22.2), on Lull Days only, the Phasing Player may automatically reorganize one lost baggage train per Recovery Turn. The recovered baggage train enters as a reinforcement at any friendly Supply Source (not in an EZOC). VPs awarded for the original baggage are not lost. Only a Commander, or the appropriate Corps Officer, may reorganize baggage and he cannot do anything else that Command Phase.
33.73 Reorganizing Permanently Eliminated Units: PEU may be reorganized during the Reorganization Segment on Lull Days. Every Recovery Turn the Player may reorganize ONE friendly combat unit currently in the PEU box. (If there are none, you may select any unit in the UAR instead.) These units follow the regular Recovery process (22.12). PEU may not be reorganized:
- during a Day of Battle
- during an Approach to Battle
- if the unit has no dedicated baggage train on map.
33.74 Reorganizing UAR units: During the Lull period the number of units an officer may reorganize is 4 per Recovery Turn. If the existing Corps baggage train moves, is currently out of play, captured or exited, reorganizing units are subject to a die roll. Roll for each unit attempting to Reorganize; on a die roll of 5 or 6 move the unit to the PEU.
33.75 Consolidation: Before beginning play on 1 December, each player can consolidate any two (or more) reduced units of the same initiative and unit type (regular or Gde; infantry, cavalry, LC, cossack, HArt or Arty) into one or more full-strength units. The full-strength of the replacing unit(s) may not exceed the total reduced strength of the consolidated units. Any number of units of the same type and initiative may be consolidated, as long as they are within 3 hexes of each other (none of them within 3 hexes of enemy combat units). The consolidated units are out of play for good and the replacing unit is flipped to its full-strength side.
Historical Notes
Kevin Zucker
1803: Following the breakdown of the Peace of Amiens, Napoleon reconstituted the Army of the Ocean Coasts at the camp of Boulogne, 30 miles across the Pas de Calais from England.
AUG. 1805: French plans for invasion were cancelled by the Austrian offensive in Bavaria, and Napoleon moved east to face the threat. The Grande Armée (so-called for the first time) departed the Channel Coast on August 29th. (The VII Corps was further away and did not participate in any of these four battles.)
Ulm
The Swabian city of Ulm is among the oldest in Germany, first mentioned 1,000 years before it fell to Napoleon. The Danube, providing transport downstream from Ulm, attracted goods from the hinterlands. Such was its importance that in 1181, Friedrich Barbarossa declared Ulm "freie Reichsstadt" (free City of the Reich) belonging directly to the Emperor, not to the local principality.
The country on the right bank of the Danube is formed by the moraines left behind by the Alpine glaciers as they retreated southward, leaving behind sand and gravel. The valleys of the Iller and Lech are peaty moors. An offshoot of the Jura mountains formed the rough terrain on the left bank, consisting of cretaceous rock and deep sea mud which poached up under the heavy rains of October 1805. The boundary of this difficult country runs near Elchingen and Haslach; the sandy soil east of there was easier to negotiate.
The de-facto Austrian commander, General Mack, assumed that holding Ulm conferred on him an automatic strategic victory by the old 18th century strategic thinking. From this point he would be able to maneuver in any direction without being cut off from supplies. The deep flaw in his thinking was only revealed by Napoleon's Wheel around Ulm. In the 18th century such a move was inconceivable.
"Mack decided to cross over the Danube, take up a position between Giengen and Heidenheim and attack the French troops still on the left bank of the river, threatening Napoleon's communications, and compelling him to desist from his march towards the Inn. The Corps of Klenau, Gottesheim and Werneck were to follow one another at intervals of three hours along the road from Ulm to Albeck during the 9th and the ensuing night.
"In support of this operation Jellacic was sent back to Memmingen (south of Ulm) to make demonstrations towards the Lech, and a flying column was to be sent towards Geislingen to attack the French convoys about Stuttgart. Ulm itself was to be abandoned, as it was impossible to complete its armament, and no troops could be spared as a garrison."[1]
9 OCT: In the morning, Ney directed Dupont's division on Albeck, Loison's on Langenau, and Malher's on Günzburg. He left Gazan's division at Gundelfingen and Baraguey d'Hilliers' at Herbrechtingen.
After a skirmish near Hausen, part of Dupont's division retired on the woods behind Albeck; the rest of the division arrived at 6 PM, bivouacking in front of Albeck.
Loison's division marched from Bernberg to Langenau by a narrow sunken road. During the night Villate's brigade marched on Ober Elchingen with a squadron of Hussars and two 8-pdrs, and captured the bridge.
Malher's division was to take the three bridges of Günzburg, Leipheim, and Reissenburg. Lefol went direct to Leipheim across the marshes but got lost. Malher took Marcognet's brigade by Brenz and Sontheim. On reaching the woods along the Danube, the column encountered the enemy. The river in this section flows in an irregular narrow bed, cut up by many islands, lined with willows and poplars. Baron d'Aspre was captured here with a few hundred Tyrolese. On retiring, the Austrians damaged the bridge into Günzburg.
10 OCT: Malher crossed the bridge; Gazan remained at Gundelfingen, the foot dragoons at Herbrechtingen. Ney brought Loison's division across the Danube to connect with Murat and Lannes approaching from Burgau. Murat misunderstood his mission and ordered Ney to send all his forces south of Ulm, exposing the army's parks and convoys. Murat showed himself obdurate and headlong, and little harmony obtained between his headquarters and Ney's. Murat's orders, if fully implemented, would have also uncovered the Austrian line of retreat north into Bohemia. Fortunately, Dupont's and d'Hillier's divisions remained north of the Danube, with instructions to cooperate in the capture of Ulm.
11 OCT: Dupont received his orders at 8 AM and set out for Ulm at 11, with the 9th Lt, 10th and 32nd Line, 5th and 17th Dgn, 1st Hus, and 14 guns. At Haslach, these troops came into contact with 25,000 Austrians marching to open the route northward. Dupont deployed his division in a single line, with his flanks resting on Haslach and Jungingen.
The Austrians did not derive full advantage of their superior numbers from a want of unanimity between Mack and the Archduke. No one was in overall control. Mack directed operations on one flank and Ferdinand on the other. Dupont was pushed back from Haslach at a cost of one-third of his force including his parks and baggage, two eagles and 10 guns. Dupont took 4,000 Austrian prisoners. D'Hilliers had not moved to Dupont's assistance.
The Austrian cavalry obtained Dupont's papers revealing that the rest of the French troops were on the right bank. These papers put the Austrian staff in possession of the exact situation of the French, and with a little energy they might have stolen two or three marches on the route to Bohemia. They had two routes open—into Bohemia and towards the Vorarlberg. Had they opted for either one at that moment, the entire course of the campaign would have been altered.
12-13 OCT: Napoleon ordered a lull in the offensive until the 14th, in order to bring up two of Marmont's divisions to take post at Krumbach. Murat repaired the bridge at Leipheim, while the Emperor hastened from Augsburg, arriving at Günzburg on the 13th, being followed by Marmont's Corps and the Guard. Lannes V Corps was at Weissenhorn, with orders to come as speedily as possible to support Ney, while Marmont would replace Oudinot in his posts. The Guard was en route to Weissenhorn.
Mack formed a plan for withdrawing into Bohemia via Albeck. This operation would require boldness and energy, over roads muddy and sodden by heavy rain. A false report planted at HQ indicated the English had landed at Boulogne, and the French were retreating hurriedly on Stuttgart. Kienmayer, cut off from Ulm by Soult's arrival at Donauworth, moved by Rain and crossed the Inn without delay.
13 OCT: Mack sent one column to the left, with the reserve artillery and baggage, marching by the Albeck road; while the right marched by the heights of Elchingen and Langenau. The advance guard of Werneck's column got as far as the Brenz at Herbrechtingen, nineteen miles from Ulm, the same night. The right column, under Riesch, was directed at the last moment on Gundelfingen, to protect the flank of the retiring army.
Ney had only a battalion of the 25th Light and 40 hussars at Ober-Elchingen. Ney's encounter with Riesch's column began when Loudon's infantry skirmished with the battalion of the 25th, driving it back across the bridge, and then waited until evening for the arrival of Hesse-Homburg's division, delayed by the mud. Marcognet damaged the bridge as he crossed. Riesch passed the night at Elchingen.
14 OCT: Napoleon arrived in all haste from Günzburg to Kussendorf, ordering Ney to re-cross the Danube and re-occupy Elchingen. While the Emperor was at Augsburg his lieutenants had shown very little initiative. They groped about in the dark, often failing in their operations. At daybreak Mecsery's advanced guard (5 sqdns., 4 bns.) set out for Langenau, followed by Loudon (10 bns). Riesch was about to follow when apprised of the French advance toward the bridge. Loudon and Meczery were recalled, but the latter was already contending with Dupont's division near Langenau.
11AM: The French assault finally cleared the south bank. The Austrians retreated across the river, but instead of destroying the bridge they decided to try and lure part of the French force across so they could defeat it piecemeal. This succeeded at first, but it also infuriated Ney who took personal command of the bridge repair, under fire, driving the Austrians from the Customs House buildings. The abbey on the hill was the key to the position, and its capture broke the Austrian line. The right wing fought on in a wood to the west of Elchingen while the left retired on the chapel of Sanct-Wolfgang. Riesch was unable to reform this wing after being charged by LC and Bourcier's dragoons. The French pursued vigorously, capturing 2,000 prisoners and most of the Austrian artillery.
NIGHT: Mack's headquarters was in a state of great confusion. At a stormy meeting the Archduke, Schwarzenberg, and other generals were strongly convinced of the wisdom of retreat. That night the Archduke quitted Ulm and rode off with his cavalry under Schwarzenberg, following the Blaubeuren road in a long detour to the northwest, then moving on Geislingen. The Emperor spent the night under the roof of a poor country curate at Ober-Falheim (3319). He had not a drop of his favorite Chambertin. An aide-de-camp cooked him an omelet.
15 OCT: Napoleon's HQ was established in the abbey of Elchingen. At 1 AM Ney set forth under torrents of rain on a long flank march with his right at Blaustein. Suchet and Oudinot crossed at Elchingen and took up positions vacated by VI Corps. A little later, Gazan crossed at Thalfingen, followed by Klein's dragoons. General Rivaud, who had been left downstream at Ingolstadt, was ordered to Rain and Donauworth to watch Kienmayer.
Ney, with three battalions of Malher's division, stormed the principal redoubt on the Michelsberg outside Ulm. His other division attacked the entrenchments on the west and drove the Austrians through the suburbs. Suchet attacked the east side of the Michelsburg, and in the evening forming two assault columns, attacked the two city gates, Gaenz and Frauenthor. The advanced guard, led by Colonel Vedel, had already penetrated the vault of the Frauenthor and was about to invade the city when Captain de Linanges, supported by one company, managed to capture him and the 17th Light. A number of Frenchmen remained there dead or dying. The column that attacked the Gaenz gate was unable to break through and forced to retire after considerable losses.
This failed attempt made the French cautious, and they decided to parley. At six o'clock two French officers appeared under a flag of truce; they were taken to Mack's quarters, where all the generals had already gathered. They all urged surrender, but were unable to shake Mack's determination to await the arrival of the Russians. Kutuzov's advanced guard had already appeared on the Inn by the 11th of October.
The sudden impulse to surrender on the part of Mack's generals makes sense if you have stood on the Michelsberg. The guns dominating the town could slowly and methodically reduce the town to rubble.
Werneck, who had been cut off from Ulm by Dupont, was ordered by the Archduke to join him on the Nordlingen road. The two together threatened the French communications and captured some of the French parks and convoys. Warned that Dupont's division was engaged with the Austrians, the Emperor dispatched Murat with Klein's dragoons, a portion of the chasseurs a cheval of the guard, and Ney's LC on the Nordlingen road. Murat set out at daybreak on the 15th, defeating Werneck's rear-guard at Nerenstetten.
16 OCT: The weather continued very inclement, raining incessantly. A terrible hurricane swept over; the Danube swelled very considerably, and carried away nearly all the bridges, so that the French troops which occupied the left bank were isolated for three days. Mack had no idea how to profit by this isolation. His time was up.
17-18 OCT: Mack declared himself ready to surrender the city in ten days, unless a friendly force should approach to raise the blockade. Murat drove Werneck out of Nerenstetten and on the 18th surrounded him at Trochtelfingen. Fauconnet's dragoon brigade captured the great park of 500 baggage wagons, 120 guns, 11 flags, 15,000 men, 200 officers and 17 generals. The Emperor, disturbed by the scarcity of news, dispatched Oudinot's grenadiers and Nansouty's cuirassiers to reinforce Murat.
19 OCT: News of Werneck's defeat caused Mack to advance the date of surrender.
20 OCT: "All troops the Austrians could muster, 33,000 men, of whom 2,000 were cavalry, quitted the city and defiled before the Emperor at the foot of the heights of Michelsberg and Frauenberg. The French divisions crowned the heights, formed up in line of columns facing the city of Ulm and the Danube, and beheld the Austrian troops, with Mack at their head, march past and ground their arms. The Austrians were in full dress, smart and clean, for they had barely been campaigning a couple of weeks.
"Sixty guns with their teams fell to the victors; 15 generals surrendered as prisoners of war. The officers were permitted to return to their homes on parole; the soldiers went to France as prisoners of war. Invaluable to the French were the 3,500 to 4,000 horses captured at Ulm; an entire division of dragoons was mounted on these captured animals."[2]
Footnotes: [1] F.N. Maude, The Ulm Campaign. [2] One Hundred Years Ago, Col. George Armand Furse. [3] It seems that no orders, nor any notification were given to Klein and Mortier on that subject.
Dürnstein, 3PM 10 Nov
When Mortier was given command of the ad hoc corps on the north bank of the Danube, he had no staff—only two engineer officer aides-de-camp and a chief of staff.
Murat failed to inform Mortier he was taking the advance guard of the Grande Armée and pushing on to Vienna, temporarily leaving the Grenadier Division of Oudinot.
Mortier also lacked a pontoon train. Napoleon ordered a flotilla of 250 boats to be assembled, but in actuality fewer that 50 boats could be found. The 4th Légère, the 100th Ligne and three guns disembarked at Dürnstein. The French could see the smoke from the smoldering Mautern Bridge over 2 miles downstream.
Uncertain whether his 1st Dragoon Div. was under Mortier's command, Klein moved out of contact[3] reaching Zwettle with eight dragoon regiments, some 45 km north of Dürnstein. Left with only three sqdns. of the 4th Dragoon Regiment along with the 1st Hussars, Mortier advanced into the void.
4PM: Dupont's division arrived at Weissenkirchen (0109). Mortier and the Advanced Guard of Gazan's Div passed through Dürnstein and came upon a rearguard consisting of one Austrian sqdn and a Russian Grenadier company near Loiben. The 100th Line pushed back these covering forces, reaching as far as the bridge of Mautern.
Miloradovich gathered the grenadier battalions of several regiments and counterattacked, pushing the 100th back to Rothenhof. Pitch darkness brought fighting to an end by 6PM. In the evening Kutuzov ordered the dispositions for an attack in six columns set for early the following morning.
11 NOV: Schmitt arrived at dusk, and the action continued well after dark; after 17:00. Schmitt descended out of the defiles and deployed his troops to assail Dupont's flank. They came between a battalion of French and another of Russians. The French were overwhelmed, but most of the shooting subsided when the combatants could not tell friend from foe in the dark. Under cover of darkness, aided by a waning moon, Captain Lostange brought the French flotilla to evacuate their exhausted comrades to the south bank. The French and Russians continued to skirmish fitfully as sentries encountered one another in the dark. Portions of Gazan's force provided necessary rear guard action, and the following morning the remaining men were evacuated from the north shore—they maintained possession of only Spitz and Weissenkirchen on the north bank.
At this time, Kutuzov's sixth column, which had been sent back, arrived in Teschen (Cieszyn, Poland) four marches east of Olmutz.
Schoengrabern
13 NOV.: Murat and Lannes captured the Tabor bridge over the Danube at Floridsdorf. Claiming that an armistice had been signed, they rushed the distracted guards. Kutuzov learned of the French crossing in the evening. Realizing that the French would try to intercept the road to Znaim and Brunn, the Russian commander immediately ordered withdrawal. Miloradovich led the rearguard. On the night of November 13-14, the Russian army departed from Krems.
14 NOV: Marching all night, Russian troops arrived at Ebersbrunn. In order to disrupt the enemy's plans and delay him, Kutuzov sent Bagration's detachment to Hollabrunn, to hold on until the army moved onto the Znaim road. The detachment of Bagration, without rest, made a new march. It was only about 20 kilometers from Ebersbrunn to Hollabrunn, but the march was heavy, as the soldiers marched at night through rough terrain, along paths through ravines and vineyards. On the night of 14-15 November, a heavy rain poured, so the troops went knee-deep in mud.
15 NOV: In the morning came out on the Vienna-Znaim road at Hollabrunn (3925) with an estimated 5,300 inf., 1,850 cav and 150 gunners. The French advanced guard was approaching from Vienna, just a few hours away:
Murat's Cavalry Screen—(Sébastiani): V/9th Hus, 10th Hus, 13th Chas, 21st Chas. III/1st Chas.
Austrian RG Hollabrunn—(Nostitz): Hus. Regt. No. 4 - 6 sqdns. Peterwardeiner Grenz No. 9 (remnants).
Nostitz' Rearguard fell back to Schoengrabern. The vineyards continued up to the swampy stream of Hötzmannsdorf. Bagration took up a position on a low ridge across the stream, commanding the ground toward Schoengrabern, some 2,000 yards away.
General Sébastiani with five French light cavalry regiments scouted forward. Murat arrived with three divisions of cavalry, reaching Hollabrunn early in the morning. Murat suspected that the whole of the Russian army was before him, and awaited reinforcements. Oudinot and Lannes with the grenadier division followed behind the cavalry, with the V Corps and two of Soult's divisions bringing up the rear. The French sent word that they wanted to parley, while Kutusov's army continued to retreat (0725-0111). Murat with cavalry and parts of V and IV Corps bivouacked in the area between Hollabrunn and Suttenbrunn. His advanced guard (9 and 10 Hus and one Lt. Inf. Regt.), under Sébastiani, advanced to the left and right of the road, in disregard of cease-fire regulations, so as to conceal their movements in the clear winter night.
16 NOV: During the armistice Kutuzov's army continued to retreat; a Forced March brought them to Guntersdorf in the morning.
1 PM: Bagration received a messenger from Murat advising him of the attack order just received from Napoleon: hostilities would commence in four hours.
4 PM: Oudinot's grenadiers attacked and carried the village, followed by attacks on both Russian flanks. The attack on the right failed, but Lannes had more success on the Russian left, inflicting heavy casualties on two infantry and one cavalry regiments.
NIGHT: The burning buildings of Schoengrabern lighted the battlefield. Russian gunners had difficulties sighting through the flames. The Russians managed to hold their ground, beginning a slow retreat. Bagration made another stand two miles north, at Grund and Guntersdorf, where he found some supporting troops from the main army.
Miloradovitch came to Bagration's assistance with troops drawn from the rearguard at the moment when the latter had commenced to retire. He brought to the prince's aid the grenadier regiments of Little Russia and Apcheron, the Smolensk Fusiliers, 8th Rifles, and the Marioupol Hussars.
Murat tried to overcome the Russian right, but was repulsed by the grenadiers of Little Russia; he next attacked their left, but could score no advantage over Wittgenstein. He next had to sustain a fierce charge made by Miloradovitch at the head of two battalions of the regiments of Apcheron and Smolensk which forced back Oudinot's grenadiers with the bayonet. The contest in the forest did not cease until both sides were thoroughly exhausted. The Russians fought with desperate courage, and defended themselves to the last breath. The wounded and maimed continued fighting with fury until they were disarmed or stunned by their captors.
11PM: The Russians were finally able to disengage from the bitter and confused fighting which only died down about midnight. Bagration's rearguard re-joined the main army while the French camped around Hollabrunn. The Russians lost 3,139 casualties, 4 guns and 100 baggage wagons. French losses were over 2,000.
Austerlitz
The Coalition marched south from Olmütz and occupied the Pratzen Plateau, deliberately left undefended by Napoleon. The Coalition main strike force with 40,000 men prepared to attack the French right intending to swing around and capture the Supply Source toward Brünn.
2 DEC, 08:00: Davout orders Heudelet's Adv Gde to leave Raigern Abbey for Tellnitz.
08:30: Davout follows with Friant's men, stubbornly defending Tellnitz for most of the day. Napoleon meanwhile ordered Soult with 20,000 infantry to smash the weak defenses on the Pratzen. Soult captured the plateau and, with 25,000 reinforcements from Napoleon's reserve, held it against Coalition counterattacks.
The grenadiers a cheval of the guard were sent in by Napoleon at the very last moment, when he had already unleashed the Guard chasseurs and the mameluks. The grenadiers took 200 Russian POW (including the commanding officer Prince Nikolai Repnin-Wolkonski with his entire staff and 27 guns), while only counting 2 dead and 22 wounded (of which 6 were officers including Gen. Ordener of the Guard).
The enemy were split in two and vigorously pursued. The remnants of their army were scattered, losing 15,000 men killed and wounded and 11,000 captured. Bagration had to abandon all the baggage which he was guarding. Napoleon lost 9,000 men.
4 DEC: Francis I of Austria agreed to a suspension of hostilities while Alexander I retreated back to Russia. The Armistice with Austria took effect two days later.
Design Notes
Kevin Zucker
OSG's second entry on the 1805 campaign follows Sun of Austerlitz (2003). Both cover the approach to battle, showing the context of a wider region, and allowing the Coalition player to attempt a different strategy.
The Ulm battles are receiving their first treatment in boxed-game format. Napoleon's Wheel flipped the strategic board and up-ended Austrian strategy. Ulm no longer held any strategic value once Napoleon cut its LOC back to Vienna.
If these four battles are played successively as part of a campaign (33.0), the balance of forces at Austerlitz can vary. If even half of Mack's army had managed to escape from Ulm, Austerlitz would have been a very different fight. As it was the Austrians could not recover from the physical and morale disaster of Ulm. It would be four years before an Austrian Army would again take the field.
Bibliography
Alombert, Le corps d'armée aux ordres du Maréchal Mortier—Combat de Dürrenstein
Alombert et Colin, La campagne de 1805 en Allemagne
Scott Bowden, Napoleon and Austerlitz
David G. Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon
Martin van Creveld, Supplying War
Christopher Duffy, Austerlitz 1805
Esposito and Elting, A Military History and Atlas of the Napoleonic Wars
Jacques Garnier, Austerlitz 2 décembre 1805
Robert Goetz, 1805: Austerlitz
Diégo Mané, Les armées à Austerlitz le 2 décembre 1805-I. L'armée austro-russe du Tsar Alexandre 1er
Diégo Mané, L'armée autrichienne de Souabe oct 1805
Frederick N. Maude, The Ulm Campaign
George Nafziger, Various Orbats
Study Folder Credits
Study Folder version 1.72, 6/23/2020. Printed in USA.