Leipzig: Napoleon Encircled
Leipzig: Napoleon Encircled Rulebook
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
- Part I: Musket & Saber Standard Rules
- 1.0 Introduction
- 2.0 Components
- 3.0 Sequence of Play
- 4.0 Movement
- 5.0 Stacking
- 6.0 Zones of Control
- 7.0 Combat
- 8.0 Artillery
- 9.0 Cavalry
- 10.0 Leaders
- 11.0 Recovery
- 12.0 Army Morale
- 13.0 Entering the Map
- 14.0 Nature
- 15.0 Designer's Notes
- Part II: Leipzig: Napoleon Encircled Exclusive Rules
- 16.0 Introduction
- 17.0 Set Up
- 18.0 Victory Conditions
- 19.0 Special Rules
- 20.0 Folio Notes
- 21.0 Orders of Battle
Part I: Musket & Saber Standard Rules
1.0 Introduction
Each game in the Musket & Saber system depicts a battle from the musket era (c. 1756-1871). Players command opposing forces in the situation faced by their historical counterparts. The goal is to reach the victory conditions established by the exclusive rules for a game, usually the capture of key terrain, or the destruction of enemy units, or both.
Hexes are 352 yards across, daylight turns are 90 minutes, and units are 300 to 4,500 men or up to 24 cannon.
2.0 Components
2.1 Inventory
This game consists of: the Musket & Saber Standard Rules explaining the mechanics of play; Exclusive rules including the set up and victory conditions; the Terrain Effects Chart (TEC) and Combat Results Table (CRT) in the exclusive rules folder; a map of the battlefield, including the Turn Record Track (TRT); a die-cut sheet of playing pieces (counters).
If any parts are missing or damaged, please write to: Decision Games, Customer Support, P.O. Box 21598, Bakersfield, CA 93390-1598. You can also register this game purchase on-line at: www.decisiongames.com
Players must provide one or more six-sided dice (two differentiated dice per player is ideal).
2.2 The Map & Terrain
The hexagonal grid is superimposed on the terrain to regulate the placement and movement of units; a unit on the map is considered to be in a single hex at any given time. Each hex has a unique four-digit number to aid set up and play.
Every hex has a primary terrain, which affects movement into, and sometimes out of, that hex, and may affect combat. The basic terrain is "clear." A hex with any amount of another primary terrain is considered to consist entirely of that feature (but note that a "clear" hexside has a combat effect when adjacent to woods).
Each hex also may have one or more secondary terrain types. The effects of secondary terrain may modify the primary, or may affect units separately.
Still other terrain features lie on the hexside between two hexes. They affect movement and combat across that hexside only, and have no effect on units in either adjacent hex.
Terrain types and effects are summarized on the Terrain Effects Chart (TEC).
2.3 The Counters
Most of the counters represent combat units (2.4). Others represent key leaders or fulfill a game function. The counter types and the rules section describing their uses are: (the list that follows this sentence is not present in the source text and is not reproduced.)
2.4 Combat Units
Infantry, artillery, and cavalry are combat units. The rules are written for infantry, with special rules for cavalry and artillery at 8.0 and 9.0. Each combat unit has the following information:
- Army: the background color denotes which counters belong to each army; they are listed in the exclusive rules.
- Unit ID: its historical identification. (The source illustrates this with Cleburne's [Confederate] Brigade from the Shiloh folio; the illustration is not reproduced.)
- Formation: the unit's place in its army's command hierarchy. It affects the ability of a unit to cooperate with others in combat. A formation of "0" indicates an independent unit, belonging to no formation; an "A" indicates a unit that may be treated as belong to "All" other formations.
- Combat Factor (CF): this is the measure of the unit's ability to inflict damage in combat (see 7.0). Zero is a factor. A parenthesized CF is halved when attacking.
- Morale Rating (MR): the unit's ability to withstand the vicissitudes of combat. It may be modified by terrain (TEC), leaders (10.0), disruption (2.8 & 11.0), and/or nature (14.0). To check a unit's morale, roll a die: if the roll is greater than the MR, the unit fails. Regardless of the MR and any modifications, a unit always succeeds on a die roll of "1," and always fails on a die roll of "6." The effect of failure is explained in the specific rules requiring the check.
- Movement Allowance (MA): the unit's ability to move across the map (see 4.3). A "V" in place of a number means the unit's MA is variable (see 4.4). A bracketed MA means the unit cannot skirmish (see 7.13).
2.5 Steps
Most infantry units have two strength steps. The front side shows the unit at its full, two-step strength. The reverse side, with a red band, shows the unit after it has suffered casualties (see 7.8 and 11.2). The factors are generally weaker, but the degree of weakening varies from unit to unit. Infantry with a red band on the front are one-step units and are blank on the reverse side.
2.6 Artillery & Cavalry
Artillery and cavalry units have only one step. They have printing on the reverse side indicating a loss of unit effectiveness (see 2.9, 7.8, & 11.3). A player may flip a unit to its ineffective side at the beginning of any of his movement phases (useful for units that move faster when ineffective).
2.7 Battalions & Squadrons
Infantry battalions and cavalry squadrons are one-step units with an ineffective side like artillery and cavalry. They have special stacking and combat capabilities (see 5.1, 7.4, & 7.5).
2.8 Disruption
A unit may become disrupted for one of several reasons. Mark a disrupted unit with a Disrupted marker. It may recover during the movement phase (see 11.1). It may be disrupted and recover any number of times per game. It operates normally except for the following:
- it exerts no ZOC (6.0);
- it must roll for its MA (4.4);
- its CF is treated as parenthesized (2.4 & 7.7);
- it may not advance after combat (7.12);
- subtract two from its morale rating (2.4; it passes a morale check on a roll of "1");
- if forced to retreat (7.9), it must retreat two hexes.
2.9 Ineffectiveness
Ineffectiveness applies only to infantry battalions, to all artillery and cavalry units, and to leaders. Flip an ineffective unit to its reverse side; it operates normally but with considerably reduced values. It may recover during movement (see 11.3).
3.0 Sequence of Play
3.1 The Course of a Game
Set up the map and counters according to the instructions in section 17.0 of the exclusive rules. The players then alternate moving and attacking with their units during the game turns (3.2) to reach the victory conditions set in section 18.0 of the exclusive rules. Victory is determined after the last game turn is completed.
3.2 The Game Turn
The game is played in a series of game turns, tracked by moving the Game Turn marker along the TRT on the map. Each turn consists of five phases. The exclusive rules for each folio specify which player is the first player and the number of turns in the game.
- First Player Movement Phase: the first player moves his units according to the rules for movement (4.0), stacking (5.0), zones of control (6.0), and entering the map (13.1). Eligible units may recover from combat damage (11.0) and/or re-enter the map (13.2).
- First Player Combat Phase: the first player uses his units to attack enemy units within the constraints of the combat rules (7.0, as modified by 8.0, 9.0, & 10.0).
- Second Player Movement Phase: same as above, with the players switching roles.
- Second Player Combat Phase: same as above, with the players switching roles.
- Game Turn Marker Phase: if the last turn is completed, determine the winner (18.0); if turns remain, advance the turn marker and play another turn.
4.0 Movement
4.1 The Movement Phase
During his movement phase, the active player may move as many or as few of his own units as he desires. The inactive player's units may not be moved. No combat takes place during the movement phase. Units may move off the map at any time; treat it as having routed off the map with an unsafe line of retreat (see 7.10).
In lieu of movement, a unit may attempt to recover from the effects of combat (see 11.0).
4.2 Moving a Unit
Units are moved one at a time tracing a path of contiguous hexes, in any direction or combination of directions. The distance a unit may move is limited by its movement allowance (4.3 & 4.4), terrain (4.5), friendly units (5.0), and/or enemy units (6.0).
If the owning player desires, a stack of units (5.0) may move together. The units must start and remain together, and use the MA of the slowest unit.
4.3 Movement Allowance (MA)
A unit's printed MA indicates the number of movement points (MP) available during each movement phase. As a unit enters a hex it must pay one or more MP depending on the terrain (see 4.5). A unit may not exceed its MA during a single movement phase. Unused MP may not be accumulated or transferred to another unit.
4.4 Variable Movement Allowance
The MA of some combat units (only; leaders, HQ, and Trains are unaffected) must be determined at the moment their movement begins. For each unit meeting one or more of the criteria listed below, roll one die (if the unit's printed MA is greater than six, roll two dice). The die roll is its MA for that movement phase. If the roll exceeds the unit's printed MA, use the printed MA. Roll for a unit if it:
- has a printed MA of "V" (see 2.4);
- is disrupted (see 2.8 & 11.1);
- is overstacked (see 5.2);
- is disengaging (see 6.3);
- is subject to a fortune of war (see 12.4).
4.5 Terrain Effects on Movement
Entering a clear hex across a clear hexside costs one MP. Other terrain requires more MP to enter; those costs are listed on the TEC. Units crossing certain hexside terrain must pay additional MP, denoted by a "+1" on the TEC. Those MP are added to the normal cost to enter a particular type of terrain. A unit lacking the necessary MP may not enter the hex.
4.6 Road & Trail Movement
To use a road or trail, a unit must move from a hex containing the path across a hexside containing the same path into another hex containing the same path. Any break, even within a single hex or across a single hexside, terminates the path. Units using a path ignore the movement effects of other terrain and pay just one MP cost for the path hex. Road, trail, and non-road/trail movement may be combined in a single movement phase.
Infantry and cavalry may not use road or trail movement to enter an Enemy Zone of Control (EZOC; see 6.0); they pay the full terrain cost starting with the last hexside crossed. Artillery may use road/trail movement to enter EZOC.
4.7 March Movement
March movement allows units (not HQ or Trains) to move faster if far enough from enemy units. A unit may employ march movement as long as: 1) neither it nor its zone of control (see 6.0) start the phase in or enter an EZOC during movement, and 2) it does not initiate combat during the combat phase (except by virtue of an FOW). It may not enter certain terrain (see the TEC).
In place of the unit's printed MA, all infantry and artillery units receive a march movement allowance of nine MP; all cavalry units receive an allowance of 15 MP. If the unit is rolling for its MA (4.4), roll one die and add three for infantry and artillery, roll two dice and add three for cavalry.
A marching unit pays only 1/2 MP when marching along a road (only; not a trail); any leftover 1/2 MP is lost as soon as the unit leaves the road, even if another segment of road is used later in the same move. If the marching unit on a road leaves or enters a hex containing another combat unit, it pays 1 MP, not the 1/2 MP.
A marching unit may recover (see 11.0).
5.0 Stacking
5.1 Stacking Generally
A hex with more than three units in it at the start of a phase is overstacked. There is a limit to the number of units that can participate in combat in a single hex (7.4 and 7.5).
5.2 Overstacking & Movement
If, at the beginning of a movement phase or at the instant of combat, there are more than three units in a single hex, the hex is considered overstacked. Battalions, squadrons, leaders, and headquarters do not count for stacking purposes.
If a unit begins its movement in an overstacked hex, roll to determine the unit's MA. All units in the overstacked hex must roll, even after enough units have departed the hex to bring it within stacking limits. An overstacked hex may remain overstacked indefinitely.
5.3 Combat Stacking
For combat, one artillery unit plus one battalion/squadron plus any one other combat unit may fight from a single hex. The owning player may readjust stacked units freely, choosing which fight and which stand by. Stacked units must participate in the same combat (but see 8.4).
Additional units stacked with the engaged units may not participate in combat in any way, but may be forced to retreat or rout (see 7.8).
Units defending or attacking from an overstacked hex have their CF halved (see 7.7).
6.0 Zones of Control
6.1 Zones of Control Generally
The six hexes adjacent to a unit constitute its zone of control (ZOC). All combat units exert a ZOC at all times (but see 6.4). All ZOC exist independently of one another.
The ZOC of enemy units (EZOC) inhibit movement (6.2), impose combat requirements (7.2), and restrict retreat (7.6 & 7.9). Friendly ZOC have no effect on friendly units.
6.2 ZOC Effects on Movement
A unit must cease moving when it moves into an EZOC. A unit already in an EZOC generally may not exit until released by the outcome of combat (but see 6.3).
Disrupted units and units with parenthesized combat factors may not enter EZOC during movement, unless accompanied by a leader or by an undisrupted unit with a non-parenthesized combat factor. Once in an EZOC, those units operate normally (but see 11.1).
6.3 Disengagement
A unit may disengage (move out of an EZOC) during movement if it has a higher printed MA than every unit exerting an EZOC on it.
A unit with the same or lower MA may disengage if it begins the movement phase stacked with another friendly unit in the EZOC and that other unit remains in the hex.
Disengaging units must roll for their MA. If the result is insufficient to reach another hex, the unit may not move. Disengaging units may not enter another EZOC during the movement phase of disengagement.
6.4 Limiting ZOC & ZOC Effects
Disrupted (see 11.1) and ineffective (11.3) units exert no ZOC. No unit may exert a ZOC into a hex or across a hexside into/across which it could not move.
Some kinds of in-hex terrain block ZOC going in or out of a hex. Some hexside terrain blocks ZOC across the hexside. Consult the TEC.
7.0 Combat
7.1 The Combat Phase
During his combat phase, the active player (the attacker) may use his units to attack those of the other player (the defender). Combat generally takes place between adjacent opposing units (but see 8.4). Within the constraints of this section, the attacking player may conduct as many or as few attacks as he wishes and in any order. This section is written primarily for combat involving infantry; see 8.0, 9.0, & 10.0, respectively, for special rules for artillery, cavalry and leaders.
7.2 Potential Combats
A defending unit exerting a ZOC onto an attacking unit at the beginning of the combat phase triggers a potential combat. Defending units adjacent to an attacker but not exerting a ZOC do not trigger combat, but the attacker has the option of attacking if allowed within the constraints of this section.
Attacking triggered defenders is not mandatory. The triggering unit may attack another defender or remain inactive; however, any a triggered defending unit not attacked during the combat phase (bombardment may not count; see 8.4) receives a fortune of war (see 12.4).
The FOW must be played on the triggered unit as soon as all triggering units have completed their combat. The FOW may be used to move all units in the triggered hex, or by one unit to charge or recover. Ignore EZOC for recovery and charge, and the need to move one hex to charge.
7.3 Combat Procedure
Resolve each combat using the following steps:
- Identify the involved units (7.4 & 7.5).
- Make a morale check (2.4) for any defender lacking a safe line of retreat (7.6). If a unit fails, it is disrupted (11.1); if already disrupted, it routs (7.10; treat the rout as the result of combat).
- If desired, make a choice of tactics (7.13), attacker first.
- Determine whether the attack is coordinated (7.14).
- Calculate the combat differential (7.7) and locate the corresponding column on the CRT.
- Roll one die to determine the combat result (7.8). Since many results require a second die roll for a morale check, we recommend rolling two differentiated dice, with one identified as the combat die and the other as the morale die.
- Apply the result (7.9 to 7.12).
7.4 The Defenders
Each attack may target one defending hex. Each hex may be the target of only one declared attack (but see 7.13, 8.4, and 12.4).
A hex may be defended by up to one artillery unit plus one battalion/squadron plus any one other unit. Additional defending units stacked in the hex do not take part in the combat, but may be affected by the result.
If a stack is involved, the defending player must select one unit as the primary defender; the unit's morale rating will be the MR for the combat. The primary defender may not be an ineffective unit unless nothing else is available.
A single defending unit may be involved in more than one combat if forced to retreat into a hex that is attacked subsequently.
7.5 The Attackers
An attacking unit may attack into any adjacent hex into which it could move during normal movement (but see 8.4). Whether the attacker is in an EZOC does not affect its ability to attack, but if it is in an EZOC, a potential combat is triggered (7.2). A unit with a CF of zero may not attack; parenthesized CF are halved.
One artillery unit plus one battalion/squadron plus any one other unit may attack from a hex. Other units stacked in that hex may not take part in the combat, but may be affected by the combat result. Stacked units must attack together (but see 8.4). If more than one attacking unit is involved, the attacking player must select one unit as the primary attacker. The primary attacker may not be an ineffective unit or an artillery unit unless nothing else is available.
An enemy-occupied hex may be attacked by as many units as can be brought to bear in the six adjacent hexes, plus any artillery units able to bombard in support (see 8.8). The attacker may choose which units attack which defending hexes in any combination.
A unit may attack only once per combat phase.
7.6 Lines of Retreat
At any given time, a unit has one of the following.
- Safe Line of Retreat (SLR): a path of hexes from the unit to its active army HQ (12.1), or its active trains (12.2), or its army's line of communications (LOC) hex (12.3 & exclusive rules). The path may not enter or cross prohibited terrain, enemy occupied hexes, or enemy zones of control. For this purpose, an EZOC is negated by the presence of a friendly unit or the ZOC of a friendly unit.
- Unsafe Line of Retreat: identical to the SLR but passes through or ends in an unnegated EZOC.
- No Line of Retreat: when no path exists without prohibited terrain or enemy occupied hexes.
7.7 Calculating the Differential
Generally, the printed CF of each unit and leader involved in a combat is used to calculate the differential. Under certain circumstances, the CF may be modified. The most common modification is halving the CF, which may be done for a variety of reasons: certain terrain types (consult the TEC; effects are cumulative), disruption (11.1), parenthesized attack CF, and/or uncoordinated attacks (7.14).
If a unit is to be halved once, divide the combat factor by two, rounding up any remainder. If a unit is to be halved twice or more, treat it as having a combat factor of one, regardless of its original combat factor (a zero CF remains a zero).
Total the modified combat strength of all involved attacking units and leaders. Subtract the total combat strengths of all involved defending units and leaders to get the differential. Find the appropriate column on the CRT.
7.8 Combat Results
Each box on the CRT contains one or more combat results, which are explained below. All results must be applied before proceeding to the next combat. In those cases where one result is parenthesized, the parenthesized result is applied only if the first result does not take effect (for example, a unit passes its morale check after an "m" result).
- NE = No Effect: all units on both sides remain in place.
- Ar or Dr = Attacker retreat or Defender retreat: The owning player has a choice: either the primary unit on the affected side is disrupted (see 11.1) or all units of the affected side retreat (7.9). If the primary unit already is disrupted the retreat must be made. Retreating leaders, battalions, squadrons, and artillery become ineffective (2.8). Victorious attackers may advance (7.12).
- Ac or Dc = Attacker check for retreat or Defender check for retreat: If the primary unit on the affected side passes a morale check (2.4), apply the (parenthesized) result. If it fails, the affected side retreats (as above).
- Ax or Dx = Attacker loss or Defender loss: If the primary unit passes its morale check (2.4), it takes a loss (7.7); no advance may be made. If it fails the check, or if the owning player chooses, all units of the affected side are disrupted (no further effect if already disrupted) and must retreat (7.6); a victorious attacker may advance (7.9).
- Dm = Defender rout check: If the primary defending unit passes the morale check (2.4), apply the parenthesized result. If it fails, all participating and stacked defending units rout (7.10), victorious attackers may advance (7.12), and the attacking player receives a FOW (12.4).
- Ex = Exchange: The primary unit on each side loses one step (7.11). No units retreat or advance, even if the defender's hex is emptied as a result of the step loss.
- DF = Fortune of War: In addition to any other result, the defending player receives a fortune of war (12.4) to be played immediately.
- Leader = Leader Casualty Check: Make a casualty check (10.3) for any stacked, participating, and/or coordinating leaders on both sides.
7.9 Retreat
A unit forced to retreat must move away from its combat hex. The length of the retreat may be one, two, or three hexes at the owning player's discretion. The retreat path may pass through and/or end in friendly occupied hexes. If the destination hex is attacked later in the same combat phase, the retreated units do participate in the defense.
A unit with a safe line of retreat (SLR; 7.6) must move along it; if the unit has more than one SLR, the owning player chooses which it follows.
A unit with an unsafe line of retreat (7.6) must make a morale check for each EZOC hex it enters. If it fails the check, it routs. If the final hex of the retreat is in an EZOC, the unit must continue retreating until it reaches a hex free of EZOC. If the unit cannot reach such a hex within its printed MA, it routs from the last hex of its retreat (7.10).
A unit with a line of retreat only to a map edge is treated as routing with no SLR (7.10).
A unit with no valid line of retreat of any kind is captured; remove it from the map.
Any leader, cavalry unit, artillery unit, battalion, or squadron forced to retreat is flipped to its ineffective side; if already flipped, there is no further effect.
7.10 Rout
Determine a line of retreat (7.6) for each routing unit. If the unit has an SLR, it retreats three hexes and is disrupted. If no line of retreat exists, the unit is captured; remove it from the map and hand it to the opposing player. If an unsafe line exists, remove the unit from the map and place it on the TRT two turns after the current turn; it is eligible to re-enter the map per rule 13.2.
7.11 Step Losses
Step losses always come from the primary unit in that combat; however, if the unit is stacked with a non-participating battalion or squadron belonging to the same formation, or is stacked with another full-sized unit with the same unit ID (2.4), the stacked unit may be used to absorb losses.
If a unit is eliminated, determine its line of retreat (7.6). If a safe or unsafe line of retreat exists, remove the unit from the map and set it aside; it may be eligible to reenter the game later (see 11.2). If no line of retreat exists, the unit is captured; remove it from the map and hand it to the other player.
Certain choices of tactics (7.13) may inflict a second step loss. It may come from any participating unit at the owning player's discretion. If no second step is present to be lost, the opposing player receives an FOW.
7.12 Advance
Whenever a hex is vacated as a result of a retreat or rout, not when emptied by step losses, the victorious player may, but is not required to, advance his participating units one hex. The decision to advance must be made before the next combat begins.
If there were multiple attackers, any or all may advance. Disrupted units, units with parenthesized CF, artillery, and defending units in some terrain (see the TEC) may not advance.
An advancing unit may move into the vacated opponent's hex, or into any vacant hex adjacent to the defender's hex (as long as the advancing unit could move into the hex during movement). The choice of hex(es) is entirely at the discretion of the advancing player, but hexes may not be overstacked after the advance. Advancing units ignore EZOC. An advancing unit may not fight again in that combat phase (but see 12.4).
If the combat has resulted in a rout of the defending units (only), for any reason, advancing attackers may advance two hexes instead of one.
7.13 Choice of Tactics
The standard combat rules may be modified by one or both players through the following tactics. The attacking player always announces his choice first. Once selected, the choice of tactics may not be withdrawn.
- 1) Skirmish. Any attacking infantry unit with a non-bracketed, non-V Movement Allowance may conduct a skirmish attack. The target of the attack must be either adjacent or two hexes away: if adjacent, the skirmishing unit may not be in an EZOC (due to enemy disruption and/or terrain); if two hexes away, the intervening hex must be unoccupied by either side. In all cases, the skirmishing unit must be able to move into the defender's hex during normal movement. Skirmishing may not be combined with any other type of combat except bombardment (see 8.4). Skirmishing does count as an attack for purposes of 7.2. More than one unit may skirmish attack the same hex; coordination applies. When calculating the combat differential, use the MA of involved infantry units on both sides as combat factors (ignore their printed combat factors); bracketed or "V" MA count as zero. Disrupted units with a non-bracketed MA skirmish with a strength of "0." Defending artillery uses its defense factor, defending cavalry uses its combat factor. No terrain effects apply. Treat all A or Ex results as NE; treat all Dx or Dm results as Dr. Ignore all secondary results. Skirmishers may not advance after combat.
- 2) Press Forward. Attacking infantry only; may not be disrupted or ineffective. Add two to the attacking combat factor (total, not per attacking unit). If the defender does not retreat, the attacker loses one step in addition to any other result from the CRT. If the defender retreats, the attacker must advance.
- 3) Charge. Attacking infantry only (see 9.3 for cavalry charges). The charge must be declared during the preceding movement phase. Charge participants may not be disrupted or ineffective. A maximum of one leader plus one infantry battalion plus one other infantry unit of any size may charge a given defender's hex. They must start their move stacked and must be coordinated (7.14). The charge may move through friendly units (including into the hex adjacent to the enemy being charged), but may not be overstacked at any time. It may not be made into certain kinds of terrain (see the TEC). The unit/stack must move one or two MP. No artillery support is allowed, and no other units may attack the same defender. Make a morale check (2.4) for one charging unit before resolving combat. If it fails, resolve the combat normally with the attackers CF halved. If it passes, resolve the combat, treating A or Ex results as Ax and all D results as Dm (Ax). If the defender retreats, defending artillery is captured. A victorious attacker must advance.
- 4) Disengage. Either or both players may select this option. Calculate and resolve the combat normally. If the attacker selects disengagement, treat any D, Ex, or Ac result as an Ar; the unit must retreat, it may not opt to be disrupted. If the defender selects it, treat any A, Ex, or Dc result as a Dr; the unit must retreat, it may not opt to be disrupted. If both players select the tactic, it is possible both will retreat (defender first). Disengaging leaders, cavalry, artillery, battalions, or squadrons are not flipped to the ineffective sides (if already flipped, they remain so). If this tactic is chosen after the attacker chooses a charge, the attacker suffers no losses regardless of the outcome.
7.14 Coordination
An attack is coordinated only if all attacking infantry and/or cavalry units are in the same formation (2.4); supporting artillery requires no coordination.
A leader may coordinate units from different formations as long as all attacking formations are within the leader's command span (see 10.0) and the leader is stacked with or adjacent to one of the attacking units. In an uncoordinated attack, units belonging to the formation of the primary attacking unit attack normally; the CF of units from all other formations is halved.
8.0 Artillery
8.1 Artillery Units
Artillery units have a different set of factors than infantry and cavalry. Instead of one combat factor, they have two: attack and defense. The attack factor is used when attacking an adjacent enemy unit (8.3), bombarding (8.4), or supporting a friendly unit (8.8). The defense factor is used when attacked by an adjacent enemy unit. The range factor is used during bombardments.
Artillery units in some folios have no morale rating. They have an MR of "6" when effective (but fail a morale check on a roll of "6"), and an MR of "3" when ineffective.
8.2 Artillery & Terrain
Artillery is affected differently by some terrain for both movement and combat. Artillery may not move into, or bombard or support an attack into, any terrain prohibited to it. Consult the TEC.
8.3 Artillery Combat
Artillery adjacent to an enemy unit fights like infantry except it may not advance. Artillery may not attack any hex into which it could not move or bombard, but may defend any hex.
An artillery unit engaged in combat with an adjacent opponent suffers all combat results except "Ammo" ("Ammo" affects only bombarding artillery). Artillery is captured if forced to retreat by a charging enemy or if it chooses Last Stand (see 7.13).
8.4 Bombardment
Bombardment is an attack by artillery during its combat phase against a non-adjacent or an adjacent one separated by a prohibited hexside. To bombard an enemy occupied hex, an artillery unit must:
- have attack and range factors greater than zero;
- be undisrupted and effective (11.1 & 11.3);
- have a line of sight to the target (8.6);
- be within range of the target (8.7).
Each bombarding artillery unit may target one enemy unit; it may select any unit in a stack. Stacked artillery need not bombard together; they may target different units in one hex or different hexes. Artillery in different hexes may bombard the same target hex. All artillery bombarding a single hex must be declared before any bombardments are resolved; once targeted on a selected hex, the chosen units may not shift fire to another hex, but may bombard any unit in the targeted hex.
Each artillery unit bombards separately unless coordinated. To be coordinated, a unit must be stacked with or adjacent to another coordinating unit and/or a coordinating leader.
Bombardment does not qualify as an attack for purposes of 7.2 unless some result (retreat, rout, step loss, disruption) is inflicted on the defending unit.
8.5 Bombardment Resolution
To resolve a bombardment, total the attack strength of the participating artillery. Double the artillery's CF if the targeted unit is cavalry. Express the total bombarding strength as a positive number and find the equivalent differential column on the Combat Results Table. Roll the die; cross-index to get the result.
Ignore parenthesized results. Bombarding artillery is unaffected by any results except Ammo, which renders the bombarding artillery ineffective (if multiple units are firing, only one unit becomes ineffective.
8.6 Line of Sight (LOS)
An LOS is a path from the center of the firing hex to the center of the target hex. If any intervening hex or hexside is blocked, the artillery may not bombard. If the LOS is congruent to a hexside, the LOS is blocked only if both hexes adjacent to that hexside are blocked (ignore the hexside terrain for this purpose). Units, friendly or enemy, do not block LOS.
Terrain in the firing and target hexes does not block the LOS, but bombardment is not permitted into certain terrain types.
The maximum LOS during daylight turns is 10 hexes; do not count the observer's hex, do count the observed hex.
8.7 Range
An artillery unit's range factor indicates the maximum number of hexes distant the unit may bombard; count the target hex but not the bombarding unit's hex. Add one hex to the range of any artillery unit firing from a hill.
8.8 Supporting Fire
Artillery may bombard to support other units in close combat. The artillery unit:
- may not be adjacent to an enemy unit (unless separated by a prohibited hexside);
- must be able to bombard the defender; and
- must be adjacent to a unit attacking the same defender.
Add the bombarding artillery strength to the attacker's combat strength before calculating the odds. Double the artillery's CF if any defending unit is cavalry. As above, bombarding artillery is affected by only "Ammo" results.
No coordination is necessary for supporting artillery; it may support a unit from any formation.
9.0 Cavalry
9.1 Cavalry Units
Except as noted in this section, cavalry units operate like infantry and are affected by all game rules in the same way. Cavalry may stack with all other unit types.
9.2 Cavalry Combat
Cavalry engages in and suffers from combat just like infantry with the following exceptions:
- it is affected differently by certain terrain types (see the TEC);
- it is doubled when attacking a disrupted or ineffective defender;
- any defender retreating from attacking cavalry is disrupted after applying any other combat result (if already disrupted there is no additional effect);
- the CF of bombarding or supporting artillery is doubled against cavalry.
9.3 Cavalry Charges
A cavalry charge may be made by up to one squadron, one leader and any one other cavalry unit; they must be coordinated and are treated collectively as a single unit. All must be effective and undisrupted. The charging units may be stacked with other units prior to initiating the charge but may not be overstacked. Stacked cavalry units may initiate separate charges. Resolve the charge as follows.
- The charge must be declared during the preceding movement phase. The unit must move one or two hexes and may enter, cross, and attack into clear terrain only. It may not enter a hex occupied by another friendly unit.
- No artillery support is allowed. The defender may be attacked only by other charging cavalry. Resolve each charge separately (this is an exception to 7.4).
- Before resolving the combat, make a morale check (2.4) for the charging cavalry. If it fails, it is disrupted. If it passes, make a morale check for the target unit unless it is an infantry unit in square (9.5). If the target unit fails, it disrupts. Regardless of the roll, if it is an infantry unit, it may form square.
- Use the cavalry's charge factor in lieu of its CF; it is doubled against a disrupted or ineffective opponent.
- Treat all Dr, Dc, and Dx results as Dm; if the defender routs, it also suffers a step loss (except artillery, which is captured). Treat any other result (the defender passing the rout check or an Ex, NE, or any A result) as Am (Ar). Resolve an Am result the same way as a Dm result.
- If the defender routs and the cavalry is still effective, it may advance zero, one, or two hexes and conduct another charge. The new target may be a unit already attacked or still to be attacked that phase. Victorious cavalry may continue advancing and charging indefinitely, as long as the defenders rout and the cavalry remains effective.
- The charging cavalry becomes ineffective at the end of a charge unless already ineffective.
9.4 Countercharges
Defending cavalry may countercharge adjacent attackers. It need not move but must meet all other requirements. Against attacking infantry or non-charging cavalry, treat the countercharging cavalry as the attacker and resolve per 9.3. Against charging cavalry, both sides use their charge factors. Treat A results as Am, D results as Dm. If neither unit routs, both retreat (Ar and Dr).
9.5 Squares
An infantry unit may form square at the beginning of its movement or during a cavalry charge (see 9.3). Place a square marker on the unit; it may be removed at the beginning of a subsequent movement phase. Treat all units in the hex as being in square. Only the infantry in square participates in combat. A disrupted unit may form square, but cavalry is doubled when attacking it.
Units in square may move one hex per movement phase. Roll for disruption if the square enters or crosses any terrain other than clear. If the unit attacks while in square, subtract two from its CF. Add two to the CF of any non-cavalry unit attacking the square. Non-charging cavalry does not receive this bonus.
A unit in square does not make a morale check when charged by cavalry. Add two to the unit's combat and morale factors when being charged by cavalry.
10.0 Leaders
10.1 Leader Movement & Stacking
A leader does not count for stacking. He may move with a unit/stack or may move alone. He may stack with any friendly unit, even one not in his command span. A leader moving alone always has 12 MP, pays 1/2 MP per road hex, 1 MP for all other hexes (but may not enter prohibited terrain). He may not enter EZOC and may leave EZOC freely. If at any time other than the movement phase a leader ends up alone in an EZOC, and has an SLR, move him to the nearest friendly unit. If there is an unsafe line of retreat, check for a leader casualty (see below); if the leader survives, place him on the nearest friendly unit. If the leader has no line of retreat, he is captured.
A leader is flipped to his ineffective side as a result of combat (see 7.8). Ineffective leaders move normally, but have no other effects. Effectiveness may be recovered during movement (see 11.3).
10.2 Leader Effects
A leader's command span indicates the formations over which he has authority; an "A" indicates all formations in that army. Each effective leader may assist one unit within his He may assist a unit for movement only if he begins the turn stacked with it. For other effects, he must be stacked with the unit at the instant the effect takes place (except for coordination, which may extend to units in other hexes). A leader may do any or all of the following.
Editor's note: the printed text of the first sentence of this section reads "may assist one unit within his He may assist a unit for movement only..."; the source sentence is garbled and is reproduced as printed.
- Movement: the leader adds his movement value to the unit's MA. If the unit must roll for an MA, add the leader's movement value to the die result. The leader must remain with the unit throughout the movement phase. An accompanied unit with a parenthesized combat factor may enter an EZOC.
- Morale Checks & Recovery: add the leader's morale rating to the MR of the unit when it checks morale. Regardless of the leader, the unit fails on a die roll of "6." A leader stacked with an active HQ, active trains, or the army's LOC hex (see 12.3) may add his morale rating to an eliminated unit attempting to recover a step.
- Coordination: a leader may provide coordination for an attack involving the unit. Treat all involved units within the leader's command span as belonging to a single formation.
- Participation in Combat: a leader need not participate in combat with a stacked unit (on attack or defense). If he does, add his combat and morale factors to the unit's factors for all combat purposes except bombardment and skirmishing. A parenthesized or disrupted unit is no longer halved when stacked with a participating leader. If the unit advances after combat, the leader must accompany it.
10.3 Leader Casualties
Any time a leader coordinates or participates in combat, or is stacked with a unit during combat (including bombardment), and a "Leader" result occurs, roll a die. A coordinating or stacked leader becomes a casualty on a roll of "6"; a participating leader on a roll of "5" or "6." Remove the casualties from the map; they are out of the game for good. Leaders retreating alone through an unsafe hex become casualties on a roll of "6."
11.0 Recovery
11.1 Disruption Recovery
A unit may recover from disruption during any of its movement phases. If the recovering unit is in an EZOC, it may not recover during that movement phase. If the unit is eligible for march movement throughout the turn (it may but need not undertake actual march movement), it recovers automatically.
In any other circumstance make a morale check (2.4) for the unit at the end of its move (do not add two to the roll). If the unit passes, remove the marker. If it fails, the marker remains. At night (14.2), a unit not attacking (it may move, march, and/or defend) recovers automatically, without a morale check and regardless of EZOC.
11.2 Step Recovery
Step recovery is done during each player's movement phase and may be done simultaneously with disruption and/or effectiveness recovery. If the player receives replacement steps (consult the exclusive rules), each replacement step restores an eliminated one-step unit or one step of an eliminated two-step brigade. Place the replaced unit on the next box of the TRT; it is eligible to return to the map in its next movement phase (13.2).
A replacement step may also be used to flip a reduced two-step brigade back to full strength on the map; if the unit meets the requirements for disruption recovery (see above), flip it back to its full strength side. Unexpended replacements are lost; they may not be accumulated.
Additional replacements may be created by making morale checks for eliminated units off the map (not for reduced units on the map). The owning player may make a check for each such unit each friendly movement phase. If the unit passes the morale check, the step is recovered and the unit eligible to return to the map as though created with a replacement step. If the unit fails the morale check, it is destroyed and no longer eligible to return to play; it also may count for victory determination (see 18.0).
A one-step unit with a red dot next to its formation number may not be replaced using replacement steps. Each step of a two-step unit may have a dot; it is possible for a unit to be able to recover both, one, or no steps. Those non-replaceable units may be replaced using leader-assisted (only) morale checks.
A unit may recover from disruption and/or ineffectiveness simultaneously.
11.3 Effectiveness Recovery
Artillery, cavalry, battalions, squadrons, and leaders flipped to their ineffective sides have the same constraints as disrupted units. They recover effectiveness during their movement phase if they meet the requirements for recovery from disruption (which may occur simultaneously).
12.0 Army Morale
12.1 Headquarters
The headquarters counter (HQ) represents the nexus of each army's command network. It does not count for stacking purposes; friendly units may move and stack normally in its hex.
The HQ may move during any friendly movement phase by being flipped to its inactive side (its MA is printed on that side). The HQ must be flipped to its inactive side at the beginning of the phase if it is to move. It always receives its full MA only; it never rolls for MA and cannot march move. It moves like a cavalry unit for terrain purposes. It may not enter an EZOC.
The HQ exerts no ZOC. It has a combat strength of zero; if attacked, it may not retreat or disengage. It is unaffected by combat results, but each time it is attacked (even if there are other units in the hex) the enemy player receives two fortunes of war. If unstacked and attacked in close combat, no die roll is needed; the attacker may advance into the hex, capturing the HQ; it is out of the game for good.
While the headquarters is active, the army functions normally. Whenever it is moved, placed in an EZOC, lacks an SLR to its active trains or to its LOC hex, or is subjected to an enemy attack (regardless of the result), flip the unit to its inactive side. It recovers to its active side at the beginning of any friendly movement phase in which none of those conditions apply.
While the HQ is inactive all units in its army must roll for their MA, reentering units may not enter at it (see 13.2), and safe lines of retreat may not be traced to it.
12.2 Trains
The trains represent the nexus of an army's logistical network. Its march movement allowance is limited to its printed MA (on its inactive side only). It always receives its full MA only; it never rolls for MA and may not march move. The MA is doubled during road movement. It may enter only clear, road, and trail hexes and cross bridge and ford hexsides. It must stop after entering a clear hex.
No friendly unit may move through the trains counter at any time for any reason. If a unit (friendly or enemy) is forced to retreat through the trains, it may pass through the trains but is disrupted (if already disrupted, there is no further effect).
It may not enter EZOC and has no combat factor or ZOC. If attacked, it ignores all combat results, but the attacker receives two FOW each time it is attacked. An enemy unit may enter its hex during movement or after combat, capturing the trains. Once captured, it is out of the game for good.
The trains remains active until it moves, is placed in an EZOC, lacks an SLR to the army's LOC hex, or is attacked (regardless of the result). If the trains is to be moved, it must be flipped to its inactive side at the beginning of the movement phase. It remains inactive until the beginning of a movement phase in which none of those conditions exists.
While the trains is inactive, units may not trace an SLR to it and reentering units may not enter at the trains.
12.3 LOC Hexes
An LOC hex represents a route to the army's off-map logistical and administrative base. It functions as long as it is not occupied by an enemy unit or EZOC. Without a functioning LOC, HQ and trains may not be active and units may not return to the map (13.2).
12.4 Fortunes of War
Fortunes of war (FOW) represent interruptions to the normal flow of play brought about by the chaos of battle. Players receive FOW as a result of combat. Each FOW allows the player to take one of the actions listed below. Those actions must be carried out immediately; any FOW not used immediately is lost; they may not be accumulated.
- Move an Enemy Unit. Pick an enemy combat unit (not stack, but it may be one unit in a stack). Roll the die. On a result of one or two, the unit may be moved. Roll for the unit's MA. Normal movement rules apply, but the unit may not use march movement and may not be moved off the map. It may be moved into an EZOC (that is, your ZOC). If moved during a combat phase, the unit must participate in any subsequent combat in its final hex, even if it has participated already.
- Move a Friendly Unit/Stack. Any one friendly unit or stack may be moved; if a stack is moved, it must move together. Roll for a unit's MA; for a stack, roll for the slowest unit's MA. All movement rules apply. If moved during a combat phase, the unit must participate in any subsequent combat in its final hex, even if it has participated already. In lieu of moving a unit on the map, a unit on the next turn box of the TRT may be placed on the map (13.2). If the moving unit moves next to an enemy unit yet to be attacked in that combat phase by other friendly units, the moving unit reinforces that attack. If the moving unit moves next to an enemy unit that has not been attacked or already has been attacked the moving unit must attack it; if it moves adjacent to more than one unattacked enemy unit, it triggers combats against each.
- Charge with a Friendly Unit/Stack. Any one friendly unit or stack may initiate a charge. The unit may not be in an EZOC and may not have participated in combat that same phase. If the primary unit passes its charge morale check (2.4), the CF (or cavalry charge factor) of all charging units (but not leaders) is doubled. The target unit may have been involved in combat during the same combat phase. If the target unit is yet to be involved in combat, the charge counts as its combat for that phase; treat the units slated to attack that defender as having received an NE result.
- Enemy Morale Check. Make a morale check (2.4) for any one undisrupted enemy combat unit (not a leader). If the unit fails, it is disrupted.
- Friendly Recovery Check. Make a morale check (2.4) for one combat unit to recover (any kind). The check may be made regardless of enemy proximity. A failed roll does not result in the destruction of the unit.
13.0 Entering the Map
13.1 Arrival of Reinforcements
Reinforcements enter the map after the game has begun. The turn and hex of entry is specified in the exclusive rules. Units enter one at a time, though battalions, squadrons, leaders, and HQ may enter stacked with another unit. Each unit pays the appropriate MP cost for the entry hex and moves normally thereafter.
Reinforcements may not enter an enemy-occupied hex, but may enter an enemy-controlled hex (an EZOC). If the entry hex is enemy occupied, the reinforcements may be delayed (indefinitely) until the hex is unoccupied. Alternatively, the hex of entry may be shifted along the map edge from the specified entry hex, at a cost of one MP per hex shifted, until reaching a hex not occupied by an enemy unit.
13.2 Reentry of Recovered Units
Units in the current box on the TRT at the beginning of the owning player's movement phase may return to the map. Each unit may be placed on or adjacent to an active HQ or adjacent to an active Trains unit, or on or adjacent to its side's LOC hex. The reentering unit may not be placed in an EZOC or enemy occupied hex, or into a hex that would become overstacked by its placement. Eligible units not placed for any reason are moved to the next box on the TRT.
14.0 Nature
14.1 Nature Generally
Low light and inclement weather affect operations in a variety of ways. Unless specified otherwise in this section, all standard rules apply.
14.2 Night
Night turns are indicated on the TRT and affect play as follows.
- Recovery: units recover more easily at night (11.1 & 11.3) but replacement rules (11.2) do not change.
- Morale Checks: add two to all morale check die rolls (2.4).
- Movement: only charging units (7.13-3) may enter an EZOC. All units may disengage (6.3) freely, without regard to comparative MA or leaving units behind, but do roll for the MA of disengaging units.
- Combat: no combat is allowed except for infantry charges (7.13-3). If the defender routs, the attacker may advance into the vacated hex only. If the defender does not rout, the attacker must retreat and is disrupted; the defender may not advance.
- LOS (8.6) is zero at night: artillery may not bombard or support an attack, but may defend themselves normally.
14.3 Twilight
Twilight turns are indicated on the TRT and affect play as follows.
- Morale Checks: Add one to all morale check die rolls (2.4).
- Coordination (7.14) is not possible.
- LOS (8.6) is one: artillery may support or bombard only adjacent hexes.
15.0 Designer's Notes
Musket & Saber is a remake and merger of the old Napoleon at War and Blue & Gray series with an eye to greater realism in combat. For an extensive discussion of the game, go to the Decision Games website at www.decisiongames.com and click forums.
Part II: Leipzig: Napoleon Encircled Exclusive Rules
16.0 Introduction
Section 16.1 (Historical Background) is reproduced in the Table of Contents above.
16.2 Course of the Game
The game starts at dawn on 16 October and runs through dusk of 19 October. The French player starts with an advantage in position and, at the critical point, numbers against the Army of Bohemia, but other Allied armies are converging from all sides of the map. French success is dependent on the amount of damage that can be inflicted on the first day. For the Allies, it is imperative to blunt the attack on the first day, then gradually wear down and entrap the smaller French army until its destruction can be achieved.
16.3 Folio Components
This folio includes a booklet of Standard Rules, these Exclusive Rules (including the Combat Results Table and Terrain Effects Chart), a 22x 34" map (including the Turn Record Track), and a die-cut sheet with 280 counters. French units are white on dark blue. The various Allied colors are: Austrian = white, Russian = Green, Prussian = blue-gray, Swedish = light blue.
If any parts are missing or damaged, please write to: Decision Games, PO Box 21598, Bakersfield, CA 93390-1598. You can also register this game purchase on-line at: www.decisiongames.com.
- Player Note. The limited number of disruption and square markers is a result of limited counter space; players are free to make any mutually agreeable substitution should additional markers be needed.
17.0 Set Up
17.1 Getting Started
Determine which army each player will command. Lay out the map and sort the units by side and formation. Each player deploys his units on the map or as reinforcements according to the instructions in 17.2 and 17.3 below. Units placed on the map are identified by formation, ID, and a four-digit hex number. The notations "w/1" and "w/2" indicate placement within one or two hexes, respectively, of the specified hex.
Reinforcements are identified by formation, ID, and an entry location (entry hex or box). The turn of arrival is indicated by a "T" (for example, "T2" means the specified unit is available at the start of the owning player's movement phase on Turn 2).
The French player is the first player. The game starts with the French Movement Phase of Game Turn 1 of 16 October. Place the Game Turn marker in the Turn 1 box of the Turn Record Track. Place the Day marker in the 16 October box (the 15 October box will be used for a variant).
There are up to 32 game turns; at the end of Game Turn 5 on 19 October, determine the winner according to section 18.0.
17.2 French Set Up
Counter Errata (as printed in the exclusive rules): The Axim cavalry unit should be part of Formation 3, not Formation 4. The 3/Gd cavalry unit should have a "0" combat strength on its ineffective side.
There is no Formation 10.
- HQ (Active): 2015
- Napoleon (Effective): w/2 2715
- Murat (Effective): w/2 3115
- Ney (Effective): w/3 1310
- Formation 1: w/2 of 2715
- Formation 2: w/2 of 3618
- Formation 3 (except 1/9 & 2/9): w/3 of 1007
- Formation 3 (1/9 & 2/9): arrive 16 Oct T4 at entry Hex "M" (0601)
- Formation 4: w/1 of 1310
- Formation 5: w/2 of 3914
- Formation 6: w/3 of 0913
- Formation 7: arrives 17 Oct T1 at entry Hex "M" (0601)
- Formation 8 (except 27): w/1 of 3521
- Formation 8 (27): arrives 16 Oct T2 at entry Hex "L" (1401)
- Formation 9: w/2 of 3410
- Formation 11: arrives 16 Oct T4 at entry Hex "K" (2201)
- Formation 12: w/2 of 3115
- Formation 13: arrives 16 Oct T5 at entry Hex "K" (2201)
- Formation 14 (5 LC): with Formation 6
- Formation 14 (6 LC): with Formation 3
- Formation 15: w/1 of 3418
- Formation 16: w/2 of 3115
- Formation 0:
- Cern: w/1 of 1522
- Lefol: 2821
- Marg: w/1 of 1522
17.3 Allied Set Up
Formations given by nationality: AU = Austrian, PR = Prussian, RU = Russian, SW = Swedish.
Counter Errata (as printed in the exclusive rules):
-
The Austrian Neipp/1 should be a light brigade (3-4-4) rather than a line brigade (4-4-3).
-
The Austrian Long/1 should be a line brigade (4-4-3 rather than a light brigade (3-4-4).
-
The Austrian Muhl/1 should be named Mumb/1.
-
The Austrian Res B/5 artillery counter is missing the red band on its front side.
-
The Austrian Lmez/3 should be named Lowe/3.
-
Borosdin's Russian cavalry division (part of 8th Corps; Formation 5) was omitted. It needs one light brigade (David, 2-3-8) and one Cossack brigade (Kaiss, 1-2-9).
-
HQ Bohemia (Active): 5229
-
HQ North: See 19.6
-
HQ Poland: arrives 17 Oct T9 at Entry Hex "H" (5508)
-
HQ Silesia: arrives 16 Oct T2 at Entry Hex "O" (0113)
-
Schwarzenberg (Ineffective):
-
Blücher (Effective): arrives 16 Oct T2 at Entry Hex "O" (0113)
-
Bernadotte: See 19.6
-
Bennigsen (Effective): arrives 17 Oct T9 at Entry Hex "H" (5508)
-
Formation AU 1 (except Rhein/1, Wie/1, Neipp/1): arrives 17 Oct T7 at entry Hex "F" (5230)
18.0 Victory Conditions
18.1 French Victory
The French player wins if at any time during the game there is no active Allied HQ on the map. It does not matter if after that moment an Allied HQ becomes active.
18.2 Allied Victory
The Allied player wins if: 1) Napoleon becomes a casualty or; 2) if the French HQ is off the map for any reason; or 3) if the French HQ is on the map but does not have a safe line of retreat (see 7.6) to either Entry Hex "A" (0727) or Entry Hex "M" (0601).
18.3 Winning a Drawn Battle
If neither player achieves the conditions set forth above, the battle is drawn and the game is won on victory points (VP). Each player receives the following points.
- 1 VP for each enemy unit destroyed (see 11.2); do not count eliminated steps or routed units on the TRT.
- 1 VP for each leader casualty.
- 2 VP for each unit or leader captured.
- 4 VP for a captured enemy HQ or train.
The player with the greatest total wins, but if the total point count for the winner is less than 10, consider the game a draw.
19.0 Special Rules
19.1 The City of Leipzig
There was little city fighting in the Napoleonic era and none of the armies had any particular experience or skill at it, particularly in a tangled old city such as Leipzig. For that reason, the main city hexes may be entered only along roads and all units pay 1 MP per hex entered. Treat city hexes as town hexes for combat purposes.
19.2 The Lindenau Bridge
The battle's most famous incident was the early demolition of the bridge between 1717 & 1816. The first time an Allied unit gets within three hexes of either bridge hex, roll a die. The bridge is destroyed on a roll of "1" or "2" and the hexside is thereafter treated as a creek hexside.
19.3 Off-Map Boxes
The boxes connecting Entry Hexes "C," "D," and "E" represent roads just off the map edge. Allied units only may use the boxes to move between those points. It takes one full MP to exit the map into a box, where movement stops for the turn. On the following turn, a unit in either box may move to either entry hex connected to the box, or to the other box. Units may remain in the boxes indefinitely.
19.4 La Garde Vielle
Any time a unit of the French portion of Napoleon's Old Guard (1/1 OG, 2/1 OG, 1/2 OG, but not 2/2 OG) is routed or captured, the Allied player instantly receives two FOW in addition to any other combat results.
19.5 Allied HQs
Good intentions notwithstanding, the Allied armies were as uncoordinated as the Allied nations. Each formation receives command (that is, full movement), replacements, and may reenter the map only at its army HQ. Each HQ commands the following formations.
- Bohemia: all Austrian units, PR 2, PR 0, RU 1, RU 2, RU 3, RU 0
- North: PR 3, RU 8, SW 1
- Poland: RU 9
- Silesia: PR 1, RU 4, RU 5, RU 6, RU 7
19.6 Bernadotte
Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, erstwhile French marshal, Bonaparte clan member, and now Crown Prince of Sweden, was a bad bedfellow: brave and talented but, vain, ambitious and cunning. He also was no fool, and was not about to risk his throne by getting his Swedish recruits killed. He moved slowly to reach the battlefield, and cautiously once on it.
The Army of the North (Bernadotte, HQ, PR 3, RU 8, SW 1) becomes available on 17 Oct T5. The time and place of its arrival depends on the situation. If there are no French units in any hex numbered xx06 or less, the army may enter at Entry Hexes "K," "L," "M," "N," or "O" at the Allied player's option, but only after a die roll of "1" or "2" (roll every turn until the army enters). If there are no French units in any hex numbered xx06 or less north of the Parthe River, the army may enter (under the same conditions) at Entry Hexes "L," "M," "N," or "O." Otherwise, the army may enter only at Entry Hexes "N" or "O" after passing the die roll and no French unit is within four hexes of the entry hex. If all else fails, the Army enters on 17 Oct T9 (or thereafter) at Entry Hex "O" if the hex is not in a French ZOC.
Once on the map, Bernadotte and the Army of the North HQ become ineffective/inactive immediately if any Army of the North unit is panicked or forced to retreat by a French attack.
19.7 French Ally Defections
Several units from Napoleon's coerced allied principalities had already gone over to the Allies in the course of the summer campaign; several more did so during the battle. The Allied player may attempt such a defection any time after 16 October when he receives an FOW during a turn in which his units have captured a town or city hex by driving out a French unit in combat (not just by entering an empty hex during movement). Play the FOW on any of the units listed below and roll a die; on a result "6," the unit defects; remove it from the map; it counts as destroyed for VP purposes.
Possible defecting units by ID and formation: 38 [4], 25 Lt [6], 1/24 [7], 2/24 [7], 26 Lt [7], Res [7], 2/31 [11], 1/39 [11], 2/39 [11]
20.0 Folio Notes
20.1 Designer's Notes
The first and overwhelming issue to be faced in designing a game on this battle is its sheer scale. Even terming it the largest battle in history prior to the 20th century is insufficient: it was more than twice the size of the second-largest Napoleonic battles (Wagram & Borodino) and more than three times the size of any other Napoleonic or Civil War battle. Even with triple the standard counter ration, the game stretched the Musket & Saber system to its limits (see the expanded notes at the Decision Games website).
Scale aside, the battle itself was straightforward. The key issues were handicapping the Allies to account for the ingrained hesitancy of Schwarzenberg, the intransigence of Bernadotte, and the pugnacity of Blücher. For the record, I have found no explanation for the odd deployment of the Prussian 2nd Corps; it may be Schwarzenberg was trying to spread the risk of the untried Prussians, or trying to take advantage of their passion. In any case, it handicaps the Army of Bohemia in the early going; players may want to concentrate the Prussians around the 12th Brigade and reunite the Russian 1st Corps around 4916.
20.2 Player Notes
For all its size and scope, the strategies for both players are simple. The French must concentrate and knock out the Allied armies one at a time. The Army of Bohemia is the obvious first victim; failure to defeat it on the 16th effectively ends any chance of French victory, though a draw may still be achieved. For the Allies, survival is the order of the day at the outset, but do not neglect the chance to make inroads in the north and west; if the Elster escape route can be severed, the French will be in desperate straits.
Tactically, despite the concentration of sheer combat power (well over 2,000 cannon were present), finesse is required. The French generally are more adroit and a little faster; their heavy cavalry provides a devastating punch, but must be used in conjunction with artillery and be well-protected by infantry on the flanks. For the Allies, patience is a must. Accept the fact that the French pretty much can win on any given hex, but they can't win on all of them at once. Take what you can, keep up the pressure, work on the defections, and pray for Bernadotte.
21.0 Orders of Battle
Formations noted in [brackets]. This is a summary only, due to space limitations. The full orders of battle are presented at the Decision Games website.
French Army (Emperor Napoleon)
- [1] Guard (44,500 men, 218 guns)
- [2] 2nd Corps (16,000 men, 40 guns)
- [3] 3rd Corps (20,500 men, 78 guns)
- Note: The French Axim cavalry unit should be part of Formation 3, not Formation 4.
- [4] 4th Corps (10,500 men, 34 guns)
- [5] 5th Corps (13,000 men, 53 guns)
- [6] 6th Corps (19,000 men, 76 guns)
- [7] 7th Corps (12,500 men, 48 guns)
- [8] 8th Corps (8,000 men, 8 guns)
- [9] 9th Corps (9,000 men, 12 guns)
- [11] 11th Corps (20,500 men, 80 guns)
- [12] 1st Cavalry Corps (6,500 men, 24 guns)
- [13] 2nd Cavalry Corps (5,500 men, 12 guns)
- [14] 3rd Cavalry Corps (4,500 men, 9 guns)
- Note: The 3/Gd cavalry unit should have a "0" combat strength on its ineffective side.
- [15] 4th Cavalry Corps (3,000 men, 12 guns)
- [16] 5th Cavalry Corps (5,000 men, 6 guns)
- [0] Leipzig Garrison & Detached Troops (7,000 men, 22 guns)
Allied Armies
Army of Bohemia (Austrian Gen. Schwarzenberg)
- [1] Austrian 1st Corps (33,500 men, 68 guns)
- Note. Muhl/1 should read Mumb/1, Neipp/1 should be light (3-4-4) rather than line (4-4-3), and Long/1 should be line rather than light.
- [2] Austrian 2nd Corps (14,000 men, 42 guns)
- [3] Austrian 3rd Corps (20,500 men, 42 guns)
- Note. Lmez/3 should be Lowe/3
- [4] Austrian 4th Corps (24,500 men, 46 guns)
- [5] Austrian Reserve Corps (19,500 men, 142 guns)
- Note: The Res B/5 artillery counter is missing the red band on its front side.
- [0] Wittgenstein's Cavalry (2,500 men)
- [0] Don Cossacks (4,000 men)
- [0] Prussian Guard (6,500 men, 16 guns)
- [2] Prussian 2nd Corps (24,500 men, 80 guns)
- [1] Russian Grenadier Corps (9,000 men, 36 guns)
- [1] Russian Guard Corps (15,000 men, 72 guns)
- [2] Russian 1st Corps (5,500 men, 36 guns)
- [3] Russian 2nd Corps (5,000 men, 60 guns)
Army of Silesia (Prussian Marshal Blücher)
- [1] Prussian 1st Corps (21,000 men, 104 guns)
- [4] Sacken's Russian Corps (14,000 men, 60 guns)
- Langeron's Command
- [5] Russian 8th Corps (10,500 men, 36 guns)
- [6] Russian 9th Corps (10,000 men, 24 guns)
- [7] Russian 10th Corps (8,500 men, 86 guns)
- Note: Borosdin's cavalry division, part of this corps, was omitted. It needs one light brigade (David, 2-3-8) and one Cossack brigade (Kaiss, 1-2-9).
Army of the North (Swedish Crown Prince Bernadotte)
- [3] Prussian 3rd Corps (25,500 men, 94 guns)
- [8] Winzingerode's Russian Corps (24,500 men, 86 guns)
- [1] Swedish Corps (17,000 men, 46 guns)
Army of Poland (Russian Gen. Bennigsen)
- [9] Docturov's Corps (34,000 men, 134 guns)
Credits
Credits block omitted from this transcription (attribution only).
21.0 Expanded Orders of Battle
Due to space limitation, the Exclusive Rules contained only a summary of the Orders of Battle; detailed versions are presented below. The primary source for this listing was Digby's Smith's estimable 1813 Leipzig: Napoleon and the Battle of the Nations (Greenhill/Stackpole 2001). As excellent as Smith's research is, the true numbers and organizations probably never will be known. Where gaps exist, I have filled them with Inherent Military Probabilites (i.e. guesses). Formations are noted in [brackets] by nationality.
A Note on Unit Scale. A nominal "brigade" in the M&S system (see the Expanded Designer's Notes on this website) is about 3,000 men for the Napoleonic era. Because of the sheer scale of Leipzig -- easily the largest battle on the European continent prior to World War I -- and despite a triple ration of counters for the game, it was necessary to stretch the system parameters to accommodate all the units present on the battlefield. The infantry units in the game range from 1,000-7,000, with an average closer to 5,000 men; the map scale is increased by approximately the same percentage so unit frontages remain relatively constant. In another departure from the system standard, many batteries have had to be incorporated into the infantry and cavalry units; some of the artillery counters represent actual formations, others an abstract massing of batteries from subordinate units.
French Army (Expanded)
Note. All French divisions have two brigades unless otherwise noted. In practice, the divisions acted as a single unit, with battalions shifted between subordinate commanders as needed. For game purposes, all divisions (except those too small to have more than one counter) are shown with two brigades, the first having the divisional artillery to act as a base of fire while the "lighter" second brigade being the maneuver element. Marshal Ney effectively acted as a "wing" commander during the battle, handling the fighting north of the R. Parthe. Murat, though nominally commanding only the cavalry reserve, long had been Napoleon's "senior" marshal and had been in command of several infantry corps in the days leading up to the battle.
[1] The Imperial Guard
- 1st Old Guard Division: 8 battalions, 2 batteries (6,000 men, 16 guns)
- 2nd Old Guard Division: 9 battalions, 2 batteries (4,500 men, 16 guns)
- 1st Young Guard Division: 12 battalions in 2 or 3 brigades, 3 batteries (6,000 men, 24 guns)
- 2nd Young Guard Division: 12 battalions, 3 batteries (5,500 men, 24 guns)
- 3rd Young Guard Division: 12 battalions, 3 batteries (4,500 men, 24 guns)
- 4th Young Guard Division: 12 battalions, 3 batteries (5,500 men, 24 guns)
- Reserve Artillery: 4 heavy (12-pounder) batteries, 3 horse batteries (50 guns)
- 1st Guard Cavalry Division: 17 squadrons, 1 battery (1,500 men, 6 guns)
- 2nd Guard Cavalry Division: 10 squadrons, 1 battery (1,500 men, 6 guns)
- 3rd Guard Cavalry Division (Old Guard Cavalry): 23 squadrons, 2 batteries (4,000 men, 12 guns)
Note. Napoleon nominally commanded the Guard personally. However, Gen. Nansouty led the cavalry while Marshal Oudinot commanded a "corps" consisting of the 1st & 3rd Young Guard Divisions and Marshal Mortier commanded the 2nd & 4th. The 1YG and 2YG artillery units represent divisional batteries for these latter groups. The 2nd Old Guard Division was half French (the 1st brigade), with the 2nd consisting of Italian, Polish, & German battalions. The 1st Guard Cavalry Division was largely non-French as well.
[2] 2nd Corps (Marshal Victor)
- 4th Division: 12 battalions, 2 batteries (5,500 men, 16 guns)
- 5th Division: 8 battalions, 1 battery (4,500 men, 8 guns)
- 6th Division: 12 battalions, 2 batteries (6,000 men, 16 guns)
- No corps artillery reserve (the counter represents the divisional batteries)
[3] 3rd Corps (Gen. Souham vice Marshal Ney)
- 8th Division: 15 battalions, 2 batteries (5,500 men, 16 guns)
- 9th Division: 11 battalions, 2 batteries (4,750 men, 13 guns)
- 11th Division: 14 battalions, 2 batteries (5,250 men, 12 guns)
- 23rd Light Cavalry Brigade: 11 squadrons, 1 battery (1,000 men, 6 guns)
- Reserve Artillery: 3 batteries (18 guns)
[4] 4th Corps (Gen. Bertrand)
- 12th Division: 14 battalions in 3 brigades, 2 batteries (5,500 men, 12 guns)
- 15th (Italian) Division: 7 battalions in 3 brigades, 1 battery (1,750 men, 6 guns)
- 38th (Württemburg) Division: 4 battalions, 1 squadron, 1 battery (1,250 men, 6 guns)
- 29th Light Cavalry Brigade: 2 squadrons (250 men; too small to be presented in the game)
- Reserve Artillery: 1 battery (8 guns)
Note. The 15th and 38th Divisions had been mangled in earlier battles.
[5] 5th Corps (Gen. Lauriston)
- 10th Division: 10 battalions, 2 batteries (3,750 men, 10 guns)
- 16th Division: 9 battalions, 2 batteries (4,000 men, 10 guns)
- 19th Division: 12 battalions, 2 batteries (3,750 men, 10 guns)
- 6th Light Cavalry Brigade: 8 squadrons (750 men)
- Reserve Artillery: 5 batteries (23 guns)
[6] 6th Corps (Marshal Marmont)
- 20th Division: 14 battalions, 2 batteries (4,750 men, 16 guns)
- 21st Division: 14 battalions, 2 batteries (5,750 men, 16 guns)
- 22nd Division: 14 battalions, 2 batteries (5,750 men, 16 guns)
- 25th (Württemburg) Light Cavalry Brigade: 8 squadrons, 1 battery (1,000 men, 6 guns)
- Reserve Artillery: 5 batteries (36 guns)
[7] 7th Corps (Gen. Reynier)
- 13th Division: 9 battalions, 1 battery (3,500 men, 6 guns)
- 24th (Saxon) Division: 6 battalions, 2 batteries (4,500 men, 16 guns)
- 32nd Division: 6 battalions, 1 battery (1,500 men, 6 guns)
- 26th (Saxon) Light Cavalry Brigade: 11 squadrons, 1 battery (750 men, 4 guns)
- Reserve Artillery: 3 batteries (16 guns)
[8] 8th (Polish) Corps (Marshal Poniatowski)
- 26th Division: 8 battalions, 3 batteries (3,250 men, 14 guns)
- 27th Division: 8 battalions, 3 batteries (2,250 men, 12 guns)
- 27th Light Cavalry Brigade: 6 squadrons (750 men)
- Reserve Artillery: 2 batteries (16 guns; included in the divisions)
[9] 9th Corps (Marshal Augereau)
- 51st Division: 7 battalions, 3 batteries (4,250 men, 18 guns)
- 52nd Division: 6 battalions, 2 batteries (4,500 men, 16 guns)
- Reserve Artillery: 2 batteries (16 guns; included in the divisions)
[11] 11th Corps (Marshal MacDonald)
- 31st Division: 12 battalions (some Westphalian or Neapolitan) in 3 brigades, 3 batteries (5,000 men, 12 guns)
- 35th Division: 10 battalions (some Italian), 2 batteries (3,500 men, 14 guns)
- 36th Division: 11 battalions, 2 batteries (4,250 men, 16 guns)
- 39th (Hessian & Baden) Division: 9 battalions, 2 batteries (4,500 men, 7 guns)
- 28th (Italian) Light Cavalry Brigade: 7 squadrons (500 men)
- Reserve Artillery: 4 batteries (22 guns)
[12] 1st Cavalry Corps (Gen. Latour-Maubourg)
- 1st Light Cavalry Brigade: 8 squadrons (750 men; included with 1st Light Cavalry Division)
- 1st Light Cavalry Division: 14 squadrons, 1 battery (1,750 men, 6 guns)
- 3rd Light Cavalry Division: 13 squadrons, 1 battery (1,750 men, 6 guns)
- 1st Heavy Cavalry Division: 24 squadrons in 2 French & 1 Saxon brigades, 1 battery (1,250 men, 6 guns)
- 3rd Heavy Cavalry Division: 21 squadrons, 1 battery (500 men, 6 guns)
[13] 2nd Cavalry Corps (Gen. Sebastiani)
- 2nd Light Cavalry Division: 18 squadrons, 1/2 battery (1,750 men, 3 guns)
- 4th Light Cavalry Division: 24 squadrons, 1/2 battery (2,000 men, 3 guns)
- 2nd Heavy Cavalry Division: 14 squadrons, 1 battery (1,500 men, 6 guns)
[14] 3rd Cavalry Corps (Gen. Arrighi)
- 5th Light Cavalry Division: 12 squadrons, 1/2 battery (1,750 men, 3 guns)
- 6th Light Cavalry Division: 7 squadrons, 1/2 battery (2,000 men, 3 guns)
- 4th Heavy Cavalry Division
- Aximatowski's Brigade (attached to 3rd Corps): 5 squadrons (750 men)
- Cernay's Brigade (attached to Leipzig Garrison): 6 squadrons (750 men)
Note. The "Axim" counter is incorrectly marked as part of 4th Corps; it should have a formation of "3."
[15] 4th (Polish) Cavalry Corps (Gen. Sokolnicki vice Gen. Kellermann)
- 7th Light Cavalry Division: 16 squadrons, 1 battery (1,500 men, 4 guns)
- 8th Light Cavalry Division: 8 squadrons, 1 battery (750 men, 4 guns)
[16] 5th Cavalry Corps (Gen. Pajol)
- 9th Light Cavalry Division: 13 squadrons (1,750 men)
- 5th Heavy Cavalry Division: 15 squadrons, 1/2 battery (1,750 men, 3 guns)
- 6th Heavy Cavalry Division: 12 squadrons (1,500 men)
[0] Independent Units
- Margaron's Division (Leipzig Garrison): 10 battalions, 3 batteries (4,000 men, 16 guns)
- Lefol's Division (a collection of stragglers and replacements en route to their parent regiments): 5 battalions, 1 battery (2,250 men, 6 guns)
Allied Armies (Expanded)
Note. The allied armies are listed below by nationality. The four field armies each contained a mix of nationalities, presumably to prevent the monarchs -- almost as suspicious of one another as afraid of Napoleon -- from adopting a too-parochial bias toward one organization. Only the Austrians and Swedes were concentrated in a single army. The four armies are:
- Army of Bohemia (Austrian General Schwarzenberg)
- Army of the North (Swedish Crown Prince Johann -- aka ex-Marshal Bernadotte)
- Army of Poland (Russian General Bennigsen)
- Army of Silesia (Prussian Marshal Blücher)
Austrian Forces (all in the Army of Bohemia)
Note. The Austrian army had been rebuilt and reorganized three times in the preceding decade to reflect lessons learned from repeated defeats. In the current iteration, each corps had one (or two) light divisions, intended to act as an advance- or rear-guard or for independent missions. Most of the army's cavalry and light troops were concentrated in these divisions. The bulk of the fighting was to be done by the line divisions, each brigade of which was accompanied by one or two batteries. This both slowed the infantry and dispersed the artillery, but there were sufficient guns to provide a reserve to each corps and to the army commander. The same did not apply to the cavalry: the dispersal of troopers to the light divisions left only a single division of heavy cavalry as an army reserve. The Austrian are best described as "stolid."
[1] 1st Corps (Gen. Colloredo)
- Division M. Liechenstein (Hmbrg & Schie): 4 battalions, 16 squadrons, 2 batteries (5,000 men, 12 guns)
- Division Bubna (Rhein & Wie): 4 battalions, 10 squadrons, 2 batteries (4,250 men, 12 guns)
- Division Hardegg (Neipp & Raige): 3 battalions, 16 squadrons, 2 batteries (4,250 men, 12 guns)
- Division Wimpffen (Giff & Czer): 11 battalions, 3 batteries (8,500 men, 22 guns)
- Division Greth (Muhl & Quos): 9 battalions, 3 batteries (7,250 men, 22 guns)
- Artillery Reserve: 3 batteries (18 guns)
Note. "Muhl" should read "Mumb"
[2] 2nd Corps (Gen. Meerveldt)
- Division Lederer (Sorb & Long): 5 battalions, 9 squadrons, 2 batteries (5,000 men, 12 guns)
- Division A. Liechenstein (Enns & Mecs): 12 battalions, 2 batteries (9,500 men, 16 guns)
- Artillery Reserve: 3 batteries (18 guns)
[3] 3rd Corps (Gen. Gyulai)
- Division Crenneville (Hächt): 2 battalions, 13 squadrons, 1 battery (3,000 men, 6 guns)
- Division Murray (Weig & Lmez): 10 battalions, 2 batteries (8,000 men, 16 guns)
- Division P. Hessen-Homburg (Csoll & Grim): 10 battalions, 2 batteries (8,000 men, 16 guns)
- Artillery Reserve: 3 batteries (18 guns)
Note. "Lmez" should be "Lowe."
[4] 4th Corps (Gen. Klenau)
- Division Mohr (Paum): 3 battalions, 10 squadrons, 2 batteries (3,500 men, 10 guns)
- Division Hohenlohe (Schaf & Splen): 11 battalions, 2 batteries (8,500 men, 12 guns)
- Division Mayer (Abele & Best): 10 battalions, 2 batteries (8,000 men, 12 guns)
- Artillery Reserve: 2 batteries (10 guns)
[5] Reserve Corps (Gen. F. Hessen-Homburg)
- Grenadier Division (Furst & Watz): 8 battalions, 2 batteries (7,000 men, 16 guns)
- Division Bianchi (Beck, Haug, & Qual): 12 battalions, 3 batteries (9.500 men, 24 guns)
- Division Nostitz (divided into "wings" under Civalart "C" & Klebelsberg "K"): 28 Squadrons (3,000 men)
- Army Reserve Artillery: 14 batteries (112 guns)
Note. The reserve artillery was not nominally part of the Reserve Corps but part of a separate organization. As a practical matter both corps fulfilled the same function so are merged for game purposes.
Prussian Forces
Note. Each Prussian corps was intended to be an entirely self-contained organization, so there was no army reserve of artillery or cavalry. The infantry brigades (divisions in any other army) were a mix of regular army (Line) and Landwehr (militia) battalions. Ideally, they fought as a single cohesive group on a firing line fed constantly by fresh units, rather than as a set of separate maneuver groups. Each brigade generally had one or more batteries and several squadrons attached, though they are included here as corps assets. The three corps have slightly different presentations in the game to reflect the different modes of fighting each undertook. See the discussion in the Expanded Designer's Notes.
[0] Prussian Guard (King Frederick William; Army of Bohemia)
- Infantry (Alvensleben): 6 1/2 battalions, 1 battery (4,500 men, 8 guns)
- Cavalry (Starkenfels): 11 squadrons, 1 battery (1,500 men, 8 guns)
[1] Prussian 1st Corps (Gen. v. Yorck; Army of Silesia)
- 1st Brigade: 11 battalions (8,750 men)
- 2nd Brigade: 7 battalions (7,250 men)
- 7th Brigade: 8 1/2 battalions (8,250 men)
- 8th Brigade: 8 battalions (7,000 men)
- Cavalry (3 brigades): 45 1/2 squadrons (5,000 men)
- Artillery: 13 batteries (104 guns)
[2] Prussian 2nd Corps (Gen. v. Kleist; Army of Bohemia)
- 9th Brigade: 8 1/2 battalions (5,500 men)
- 10th Brigade: 7 battalions (4,500 men)
- 11th Brigade: 7 1/2 battalions (5,000 men)
- 12th Brigade: 8 battalions (5,000 men)
- Cavalry (2 brigades): 32 squadrons (4,000 men)
- Artillery: 10 batteries (80 guns)
[3] Prussian 3rd Corps (Gen. v. Bülow; Army of the North)
- 3rd Brigade: 10 battalions (6,500 men)
- 5th Brigade: 11 battalions (7,000 men)
- 6th Brigade: 10 battalions (5,500 men)
- Cavalry (2 brigades): 39 squadrons (4,250 men)
- Artillery: 11 batteries (94 guns)
Russian Forces
Note. Each Russian corps nominally consisted of 2 divisions, each of 3 brigades of 2 regiments of 2 battalions each. One brigade in each division was composed of Jägers, aka light infantry. The presentation of these units was made difficult by two factors. First, the attrition of the 1812 campaign had worn some divisions to barely more than a strong battalion. Second, for various reasons (accommodating the Byzantine rank structure and a worry lest Russians be used as cannon fodder), extra-large corps were formed under Docturov, Sacken, and Winzingerode, plus a group of corps under Langeron. The Roman numerals after some commanders represent the convention of numbering like-named commanders in the Russian army.
[1] The Reserve Corps (Grand Prince Constantin; Army of Bohemia)
- Guards Division Rosen (Pot & Bist): 10 battalions, 1 battery (4,000 men, 12 guns)
- Guards Division Udom I (Krys & Schel): 8 battalions, 1 battery (3,000 men, 12 guns)
- 1st Grenadier Division (Knia, Oct, & Jem): 12 battalions, 1 battery (5,000 men, 12 guns)
- 2nd Grenadier Division (Lev, Dum, & Hess): 10 battalions, 1 battery (4,000 men, 12 guns)
- 1st Guards Cuirassier Division: 20 squadrons, 1 battery (2,000 men, 12 guns)
- 2nd Guards Cuirassier Division: 18 squadrons, 1 battery (1,750 men, 12 guns)
- 3rd Guards Cuirassier Division: 16 squadrons, 1 battery (1,500 men, 12 guns)
- Guards Light Cavalry Division: 18 squadrons (1,750 men)
- Heavy batteries: 2 batteries, 36 guns
Note. The Grenadier divisions nominally formed a separate corps, but are merged with the Guards for game purposes since both corps weer directed by Constantin. The artillery counter does not represent an actual unit, but a group of heavy batteries. In practice, one of the batteries supported the two Guards infantry divisions, the other supporting the Grenadier divisions.
[2] 1st Corps (Gen. Gortschakoff II; Army of Bohemia)
- 5th Division: 13 battalions, 1 battery (2,500 men, 12 guns)
- 14th Division: 12 battalions, 1 battery (2,500 men, 12 guns)
- Artillery: 1 battery (12 guns)
[3] Russian 2nd Corps (Army of Bohemia)
- 3rd Division: 13 battalions, 1 battery (2,500 men, 12 guns)
- 4th Division: 12 battalions, 1 battery (2,500 men, 12 guns)
- Artillery: 3 battery (36 guns)
[4] Sacken's Corps (Gen. Sacken; Army of Silesia)
- 10th Division: 10 battalions (3,000 men)
- 16th Division (1 brigade): 4 battalions (750 men)
- 27th Division: 7 battalions (3,000 men)
- 2nd Hussar Division (Yurk & Wasill): 21 squadrons (2,500 men)
- 3rd Dragoon Division (1 brigade; Ush): 7 squadrons (500 men)
- Karpov's Cossack Division: (2,500 men)
- Artillery: 5 batteries (60 guns)
Langeron's Command (Gen. Langeron; Army of Silesia)
- [7] Korff's Cavalry Division: 14 squadrons regular cavalry, 6 squadrons plus 2 regiments of Cossacks (3,000 men)
- [5] 8th Corps (Gen. Saint-Priest)
- 11th Division: 8 battalions (3,500 men)
- 17th Division: 12 battalions (4,000 men)
- Artillery: 5 batteries (60 guns)
- [6] 9th Corps (Gen. Olsuvieff)
- 9th Division: 8 battalions (3,250 men)
- 15th Division: 8 battalions (2,750 men)
- Artillery: 2 batteries (24 guns)
- [7] 10th Corps (Gen. Kapsevitch)
- 8th Division: 8 battalions (3,000 men)
- 22nd Division: 8 battalions (3,000 men)
- Artillery: 4 batteries (38 guns)
- Reserve Artillery (Lang): 4 batteries (48 guns)
[8] Wintzingerode's Corps (Gen. Wintzingerode; Army of the North)
- Advance Guard: 5 battalions, 9 squadrons, 7 Cossack regiments, 1 battery (6,250 men, 12 guns)
- 21st Division: 6 battalions, 2 batteries (4,000 men, 24 guns)
- 24th Division: 10 battalions, 1 battery (4,250 men, 12 guns)
- Harpe's Division: 4 infantry and 3 grenadier battalions, 3 batteries (4,500 men, 24 guns)
- Artillery (Wintz): represents batteries drawn from the divisions
- Manteuffel's Cavalry Division: 12 squadrons, 1 battery (1,500 men, 8 guns)
- Pahlen's Cavalry Division (with attached brigade): 9 squadrons, 2 batteries (2,000 men, 16 guns)
- Cossacks: (1,750 men)
[9] Army of Poland
- Advance Guard Division: 4 Jäger battalions, 10 squadrons, 3 Cossack regiments, 2 batteries (8,000 men, 14 guns)
- Tschaplitz' Cavalry Division (Repn & Kreutz): 25 squadrons, 1 battery (3,500 men, 12 guns)
- Knorring's Cavalry Brigade: 6 squadrons, 3 Cossack/Baschkir regiments (750 men)
- Reserve Artillery: 5 batteries (60 guns)
Docturov's Corps (Gen. Docturov; Army of Poland)
- 12th Division: 8 battalions, 2 batteries (6,250 men, 24 guns)
- 13th Division: 10 battalions, 2 batteries (7,000 men, 24 guns)
- 26th Division: 12 battalions, 2 batteries (7,250 men, 24 guns)
- Artillery (Doct): represents batteries drawn from the divisions
[0] Independent Units (Army of Bohemia)
- Pahlen's Cavalry Division: 24 squadrons (2,000 men)
- Illowaiski's Cossack Brigade: 4 regiments (1,000 men)
- Platov's Don Cossack Corps: 10 regiments (3,750 men)
Swedish Forces (Army of the North)
Note. The Swedish army was organized along more or less French lines. The 1st Division also contained a Cavalry Brigade (6 squadrons, 500 men) which has been incorporated into the Cavalry Division. The artillery reserve is not represented by a counter due to its small size and weight.
- 1st Division (1 & 2): 10 battalions, 2 batteries (6,000 men, 12 guns)
- 2nd Division (3, 4, & 6): 13 battalions, 2 batteries (8,250 men, 12 guns)
- Cavalry Division: 21 squadrons, 1 battery (2,000 men, 6 guns)
- Artillery Reserve: 2 batteries (12 guns + a British rocket battery)