8.4 Resolving Options
8.4.1 Unsuccessful Options
Sometimes, you play an option that is not immediately
successful because it requires the approval of another
major power later on (e.g. Option 3 - will only succeed if
the other major power agrees by playing its MP 0(f) this
turn). The option is unsuccessful if the other major power
fails to play the appropriate option for approval. In the
case of IPO 3, the option is unsuccessful if the required
die roll fails.
In such cases, the cost is only paid, and the minor country
and US entry effects are only applied if the option
succeeds. These effects are printed on a black background
as a reminder.
8.4.2 Paying the Cost
First, spend the money necessary to play the option. The
amount is shown on the money symbol at the right of the
option. Although each option is marked in national
currency, this is purely for historical interest. For all
purposes, every currency has the same value. You spend
money by reducing your major power’s savings, or
increasing its debt, or a bit of both. Show this by
adjusting the position of your money markers on the
money track.
The maximum debt you can have is your credit limit. If
the cost, or portion that you intend to pay for (see 8.2 and
8.7.2 MP 3), of a particular option would take you
beyond your credit limit, you can’t pick that option,
except MP 5 (see also 10.2). The initial credit limit for
each major power is printed next to the money track.
8.4.3 Effect on Minor Countries
Next, resolve the minor country effects of playing the
option. Place one of your control markers with the
appropriate modifier onto the map for each effect on the
option. The modifier goes into the relevant minor.
Example: If Germany plays an option listing a ‘-2’ for
Greece and a ‘+1’ for Turkey, you would put a ‘-2’
German modifier in Greece and a ‘+1’ German modifier
in Turkey.
Some options will state that minor country effects are
specified on the war chart or treaty chart instead of, or as
well as, on the option. If both apply, add them together.
Example: Germany plays GE 3, offering a major power
pact to the Soviet Union (the infamous Nazi-Soviet pact).
The option lists a ‘+1’ for Finland. The treaty chart effect
on Finland of a treaty with the Soviet Union is a ‘-2’.
Therefore, if the Soviet Union accepts, the net effect of
Germany playing this option is to place a German ‘-1’
marker in Finland.
Sometimes, you will have to modify the effects. This
might be a modifier to only some results (e.g. IPO 5, to
negative results only), it might halve the result (e.g.
IPO 19 - when you embargo a major power, minors will
react half as dramatically as if you had declared war) or
apply the opposite effect (e.g. ‘-3’ becomes ‘+3’). You
might also have to multiply the net results (e.g. IPO 11 -
by the number of treaty levels canceled).
Example: You are playing IPO 11 to cancel 3 levels of
treaty with Italy. Assume you are allied to Austria. The
treaty chart effect is the opposite of that given and there
is to be a ‘-1’ for each ally. So, for Austria, the listed
effect is ‘+2’. The opposite effect is ‘-2’. Subtracting 1
because Austria is an ally gives a result of ‘-3’. This is
applied three times for a final modifier of ‘-9’. For
Czechoslovakia, the listed effect is ‘+1’. The opposite
effect is ‘-1’. This is applied once for each treaty level for
a total modifier of ‘- 3’. The other minors are dealt with
in the same way.
You must place one of your markers, even if the effect
seems to relate only to another major power. For
example, if the US plays IPO 3 to cancel a German
alliance with Yugoslavia, you would place US markers in
Yugoslavia and the other listed minors, not German ones.
The only exception is IPO 17, which can apply to every
major power.
If you already have a marker in the minor country,
replace it with one equal to the sum of the old and new
modifiers. If this requires a marker outside +/-9, you will
need extra markers to get the correct total.
Example: Germany plays GE 4, declaring war on
Czechoslovakia. GE 4 has a ‘-2’ for Germany declaring
war on Czechoslovakia. The war chart lists a ‘-9’
modifier. So, there is a ‘-11’ net modifier for this. If there
is already a ‘-3’ German marker in Czechoslovakia, the
total modifier is ‘-14’. Germany could place a ‘-9’ and a
‘-5’, a ‘-8’ and a ‘-6’ or any other combination totaling ‘-
14’ inside Czechoslovakia.
8.4.4 US Entry
Next, you work out the US entry effect of playing the
option. US entry is used to regulate the USA’s march to
war (see 8.7.2, US 4).
Each option will either list some US entry numbers or
refer you to the US entry numbers on the war or treaty
chart. Use the number for the relevant year.
Example: Germany successfully plays GE 4, declaring
war on Poland in 1939. The US Entry effect on GE 4 in
1939 is ‘+6’ which is added to the effect of declaring war
on Poland as stated in the war chart, ‘+10’ to give a total
US Entry effect of ‘+16’.
The option might indicate that the result should be
modified. For example, IPO 7 adds 2 if your major power
is a Communist and subtracts 1 if it is a Democrat. The
number required may also be modified if US 6 (see 8.7.2)
has been played or if the Republicans (see 8.7.1 IPO 10)
have been elected. Sometimes you are asked to use the
opposite of the chart effect (e.g. IPO 3) or to double or
halve the effect (e.g. IPO 5). This is done after adding any
modifier.
Having worked out the modified US entry effect, the US
player must record this turn’s shifts in the relevant major
power’s column on their major power chart (retaining
fractions). These shifts are either towards war with your
major power (if the US entry effect is positive) or away
from war (if it is negative).
Example: If the modified US entry effect is ‘-17’ the USA
is 17 shifts further away from war with this major power.
The US continues to record US Entry throughout the
game.
8.4.5 Principal Effects
Finally, apply the principal effects listed on the option.
These effects are explained in detail in the option
summary (see 8.7).
8.5 Activating Minors
You must activate any one minor of your choice that you
are eligible to control (see 8.1.2), unless none are
available or you are stipulated otherwise (i.e. by MP 0(g),
4 or 5, see 8.7.2).
You may not activate a minor you are at war with, even if
it is incompletely conquered. Only the 28 minors that
have a political marker and contain at least one political
effect marker are eligible to be activated.
You activate a minor by removing all the minor political
effect markers (a.k.a. modifiers) in it and applying them,
one by one, in any order you choose. You cannot
combine modifiers of different nationalities.
Before any of the modifiers are applied, the activating
major power may convert the negative modifiers of a
major power at war with the minor being activated, to a
positive modifier of any major power at war with that
major power.
Example: Germany has declared war on the Netherlands.
The Commonwealth and France are at war with
Germany. Germany has an accumulated ‘-11’ to the
Netherlands. The Soviet Union has the next political
action and chooses to activate the Netherlands. She can
convert the ‘-11’ GE to either a ‘+11’ CW or a ‘+11’ FR
or she can choose not to convert it, and try to gain
control of it herself.
If a modifier is positive for a major power, move the
minor’s political marker towards that major power on the
status display.
If a modifier is negative for a major power, move the
marker away from that major power until it is eleven
hexes away. At that distance negative modifiers do not
effect the minor, unless it moves within eleven hexes
again.
The status display ‘wraps around’. if a marker is in one of
the lettered edge hexes, it is adjacent to the other hex with
the same letter and can enter it at normal movement costs.
The distance a marker moves depends on the size of the
modifier.
Each hex entered costs different points depending on the
hex entered. If it costs more points to enter a hex than that
remaining for the modifier, the marker cannot enter that
hex and ceases its movement in the current hex.
The cost of movement is 2 per hex moved into, modified
by the following:
- -1 moving towards you in your ideology;
- +1 moving towards you in another ideology;
- -1 moving away from every major power at war with
the minor;
- +1 moving towards any major power at war with the
minor;
- +1 leaving a hex occupied by a major power that can
control the minor;
- +1 crossing a boundary;
- +1 moving away from any allied major power.
All these modifiers are cumulative. The minimum
movement cost is 1 per hex.
If a minor’s political marker is eligible to move in two
different directions, you choose which direction to move
the marker.
Example: It is the first turn of the game and
Czechoslovakia has a +3 CW, a +4 German and a +1
French marker. It is France’s go and she decides to
spend the points in the following manner. First the +4
Germany marker is spent to move Czechoslovakia into
the neutral zone (2 to move into the neutral zone, +1 to
cross a boundary and +1 to move away from
Czechoslovakia’s ally). The 4 CW points are then
allocated to move Czechoslovakia on top of the Belgium
marker. This costs 2 (1 to move closer to the CW in the
Democratic ideology +1 crossing a boundary). France
then spends her 1 point to move Czechoslovakia back to
its starting position.
If the Commonwealth had been moving Czechoslovakia
she could have spent the Commonwealth points first to
move Czechoslovakia 1 hex into the free market faction
(+1 moving towards the CW in its ideology +1 for
crossing a boundary and +1 to move away from
Czechoslovakia’s ally) then spent Germany’s 4 points to
move the marker 1 hex adjacent to the CW (3 to move
towards Germany in another ideology +1 for moving
away from Czechoslovakia’s ally). Finally the 1 French
point is wasted as the CW spends it attempting to move
the Czech marker on to the Belgium hex which costs 2 (1
for moving towards France in its ideology +1 for
crossing a boundary), a move France is not at all happy
with.
Minor countries’ political markers can end their move
stacked with major power markers and with most other
minor country markers. However, two minors cannot end
together if either is hostile to the other unless they are
stacked with a major power eligible to control them (see
8.1.2).
When all modifiers have been applied to the minor
country, return all the markers to their respective owners.
8.6 Ending Political Affairs
After resolving your option, roll a die. Subtract 1 from the
result for each option played previously to the current
option, this step.
Option 8.6: You only subtract 1 from the die roll for each
option apart from MP 0(g) that has been played this turn.
If 4 or more major powers are at war with each other, add
1 to the total. If every major power still in the game (i.e.
not completely conquered) is at war with a major powers,
add 2 to the total. If your modified die roll is less than or
equal to 1, the political affairs are finished for this turn
and later bids on the initiative track aren’t resolved.
If it doesn’t end, resolve your next option. If you have
resolved your last option, play passes to the next major
power. Move the last card marker one place to show who
is the new current player.
Example: Five major powers are at war with each other.
You are in the 3rd initiative position, and the major
power in 2nd place has already successfully played 2
options. Thus after you play your option, you roll a`6. 3 is
subtracted from this number for the 3 previous options
played (1 by the 1st player and 2 by the 2nd) and 1 is
added since 5 major powers are at war. The final
modified result is 4, so the major power in the 4th
initiative position may now have a go.
If you are the last player to have bid (recorded by the use
of the second `last card’ marker), and you have played
your final option, political affairs end automatically.
Each major power that didn’t get to play any political
options in the turn receives bid points equal to its current
modified political effectiveness, even if it didn’t bid for
an option. If you have a negative modified political
effectiveness you must lose money equal to your negative
modified PE. This can send you below your credit limit
(see 10.2).
8.7 Political Option Explanation
8.7.1 International Policy Options
IPO 1 - New World Order
This option moves your
major power’s marker around the status display.
You receive a number of movement points based on your
ranking on the initiative track (1st = 8; 8th = 1; etc.).
Subtract 2 from this if you are in the Democratic ideology
and subtract 1 if you are in the Communist ideology. You
always get a minimum of 1 movement point.
Movement costs are:
- 1 point to enter a hex closer to all hexes of the centre
faction of your ideology;
- 3 points to enter a hex further from all hexes of the
centre faction of your ideology;
- 4 points to enter or leave an ideology (only possible
if playing optional rule 15.2 or 15.3)
- 2 points in all other cases (including moving in the
neutral zone ~ see 15.2 and 15.3).
In the standard game, major powers cannot leave their
ideology, although they can change factions.
Furthermore, you must end your movement in a hex that
does not contain another major power.
You can move minor country markers with you when you
move. They must start stacked with you. Each minor
marker takes as many points to move as your major
power marker (e.g.. for a major power to move with 2
minor countries, it would take 3 points to move 1 hex
towards the center of your ideology).
You can’t move in a way that would leave two minors
hostile to each other in the same hex, unless they are
stacked with a major power that is eligible to control
them.
You gain the US entry Democracy benefit if you end your
move closer to every centre hex of the Democratic
ideology. It costs you the US entry Communism or
Fascism cost if you end your move closer to any centre
hex of that ideology. These US entry effects are
cumulative.
IPO 2 - Minor Economic Agreement
This option
allows a major power to enter into an economic
agreement with a minor, or to break an economic
agreement it already has. This option may not be played
against minor powers that are at war, or already in a civil
war.
An agreement can be made with any minor country,
provided it has resources or red factories available (i.e.
they are not already committed to another major power
through an economic agreement). To make an economic
agreement, the major power’s initiative must be less than
or equal to the minor’s willpower. Note that the minor’s
willpower is printed on the war chart.
Upon making an agreement, a major power places one of
its factory/resource markers on a red factory or one or
two resources the minor controls. If you place markers on
two resources, the cost to play this option is doubled to 8
money.
The minor now provides the factory (use the major
power’s production multiple) or resource to the major
power. Resource and oil points from multiple major
powers, may be placed on the same resource/oil icon (hex
in WiFFE), up to its capacity.
Instead of making an economic agreement, a major power
can break another major power’s economic agreement if
the major power playing the option’s initiative is less than
the willpower of the minor and less than half the other
major power’s initiative. Remove the relevant factory or
resource marker.
A major power may always break one of its own
economic agreements.
When you break an agreement, remove the relevant
marker(s) from its box (hex in WiFFE) in the minor. If
you remove markers from two resources, the cost to play
this option is doubled to 8 money.
If a major power declares war on a minor it has an
economic agreement(s) with, then all the agreements
between the major power and the minor are canceled.
IPO 3 - Minor Alliance
This option is essential for
bringing a minor into a war on your side (see IPO 5). This
option may not be played on a minor in a civil war, or that
is at war, or that has been declared war on this turn. This
option may only be played on the 28 minor countries that
have political markers.
Each minor country may have up to two alliances at a
time. They both may be with the same major power. Once
a minor country has 2 alliances, one of them must be
broken before it can make another alliance. You can
always break one of your own alliances.
To make an alliance, or to break another major power’s
alliance, roll 1 die:
- Add ‘1’ to the result for each factory/resource marker
you have in that minor.
- Add the minor’s willpower. This is printed on the
war chart.
- Subtract your initiative position.
- Subtract the distance in hexes on the status display
between your major power’s political marker and the
minor’s.
- Subtract ‘2’ if the minor is hostile to you.
- Subtract ‘3’ if you are trying to break an alliance.
If the result is more than ‘0’, you succeed in making or
breaking the alliance.
After successfully making an alliance with a minor, place
any of your major power’s markers under the minor
country on the status display. You are now allied to that
minor.
If you succeed in breaking another major power’s
alliance, remove its marker from beneath the minor’s
political marker.
Example: Germany attempts to break the
Commonwealth’s alliance with Poland. Poland’s
willpower is 2 and it is hostile to Germany. Germany is in
the first initiative position. Germany’s die roll is ‘7’. She
adds 2 to this for Poland’s willpower, and another one
for a German factory/resource marker in Poland.
From this total of 10 she subtracts 3 because she is trying
to break an alliance, a further 2 because Poland is hostile
to her, 6 more because Poland’s political marker is that
many hexes away from Germany’s and, finally, another 1
for Germany’s initiative position. The final result is ‘-2’
which is not more than 0, so Germany fails to break the
alliance.
If someone declares war on one of your allied minors you
have a casus bellum (see 8.7.2 MP 4) against that major
power until the end of the political step (WiFFE: end of
your first impulse of the next turn) following its conquest
(either complete or incomplete).
If a you have an alliance with a minor country when it is
declared war on, and the minor is subsequently conquered
(either completely or incompletely), then if you are not at
war with all the major powers who declared war on the
minor by the end of the next political step (WiFFE: end
of your first impulse of the following turn), you suffer the
following: Reduce your PE by 1 (regardless of how many
major powers declared war on the minor), and place a -3
minor effects marker on every other minor with which
you have an alliance with or a guarantee (IPO 12) to. You
do not suffer double the effects if you have two alliances
with the minor attacked, however guarantees and
alliances are cumulative.
Example: Germany declares war on Poland and
conquers her in Sep/Oct 1939. The Commonwealth is
allied to and has guaranteed Poland. If she is not at war
with Germany by the end of the Nov/Dec political step,
the Commonwealth will lose 2 PE and place a -5 in every
other minor country she is allied to, or has a guarantee
with.
If you declare war on a minor you have allied, you suffer
the above effects (PE loss and minor effects)
immediately, not when the minor is conquered. After
suffering the effects of declaring war on your allied
minor, cancel all your alliances and/or your guarantee
with the minor.
IPO 4 - Coup
This option is a more iffy way of gaining
control of a minor. As with all desperate plans, it can
easily backfire. A minor country can be couped and
counter-couped any number of times.
You can play this against any minor country, not just
those 28 which have a political marker. Your major
power’s initiative must be less than or equal to the
minor’s willpower. This option may not be played against
minor powers that are at war, or already in a civil war.
Optional rule 8.7.1 IPO 4.1 Coups: Only the minor
countries that don’t have political markers on the status
map may have IPO 4 played against them, except for
Spain. If IPO 4 is played on Spain, without it being
canceled by a coup cell, Spain automatically starts a civil
war. After the civil war IPO 4 cannot be played against
Spain again.
After you announce your coup target and pay for the coup
attempt, anyone who has a cell in the target minor (by
previously playing their option 0(e)) can neutralize your
coup attempt by expending their cell. If more than one
cell exists then the choice, to use it or not to use it, is
made by the major powers that own the cells in reverse
initiative order.
If your coup wasn’t neutralized, roll a die. Subtract 1
from the result for each alliance the minor has with
another major power, add 1 for each alliance you have,
add the minor’s stability factor (on the war chart - use the
first number if there are two), and add the annual modifier
(listed with the coup table). Find the modified result on
the coup table (see the Status Display). The results are:
-
No effect
-
Civil War
If a major power currently controls the minor and has
an army point (WiFFE: land unit) in the minor, the
civil war result becomes “no effect”. Otherwise, a
civil war has broken out. You will take control of the
rebel forces, and are assumed to have played IPO 8
once, for purposes of control. The major power that
would have rolled for any counter coup takes charge
of the government forces and is assumed to have
played IPO 7 once, for purposes of control.
Consult the civil war table (see the Status Display).
Roll one die for the army points (WiFFE: land and
aircraft units, including reserve units) and one die for
the naval points (WiFFE: naval units). The results
determine what part of the minor’s forces (including
yearly additions, see 8.7.1 IPO 5, Setting up the
minor country) are rebels. The remaining points
(WiFFE: units) are the Government’s.
When playing with WiFFE, Current year and
Reserve units are included in the set up ( not
reinforcements on the next turn). They are set up
however face-down. The actual units are chosen
randomly. If a unit is to be split 50/50, it goes to the
protagonist whose directing major power has a lower
initiative than the other directing major power. Now
apply the same proportional results, by force pool
types (land & air, naval), to the collection of all
future force pool additions.
Example: A civil war has just commenced in Turkey.
Germany controls the rebels and the CW controls
the government. A die is rolled on the Civil War table
once for land/aircraft units and once for naval units.
A die roll of 8 for land/aircraft gives the Govt. forces
60% and the Rebels 40%. If Turkey would normally
set up with 9 land and aircraft units and 1 naval unit,
then 60% of 9 is 5 (rounded to the nearest whole
number), so the Govt. receives 5 land/aircraft units
(chosen randomly) and the rebels 4.
A die roll of 5 for naval units splits them 50/50. As
there is only 1 unit, it goes to the player with the
lower initiative, in this case Germany.
In WIFFE, the Spanish Nationalist and Republic
each have their own force pools and the percentage
rolled is of their own force pool. Naval units are split
between the two sides. All remaining units (except
SCS not placed on the WiFFE map) are available to
be built.
Example: A Spanish Civil War breaks out in 1936. A
die roll of 10 gives the Nationalists 30% of their
available land/air units while the Government gets
70% of theirs.
The Nationalists have 12 land/air units available in
1936. Thus 4 units are randomly chosen to be set up.
The Republic has 11 land/air units available so they
set up 8 of these. All chosen Reserve and 1936 units
are set up face down.
For naval units, a 1 is rolled giving the Nationalists
70% of the 4 naval units. 3 of the naval units are
randomly picked to be set up. The only naval unit not
chosen is the Libertad, which is set up by the
Republican player.
Each side’s remaining units except the SCS would be
available as part of their respective force pools.
When playing with WiFFE 13.5.1 Option 48 (Oil
rule) each side sets up with one saved oil.
The player with the lower initiative chooses whether
they want to set-up first or let their opponent set-up
first.
Set up each side’s army and naval points, using the
controlling major powers army and naval points,
(WiFFE: minor country’s units) in the territory that
contains the minor country’s capital. Place a rebel
marker on top of the Rebel forces (or Gov’t. marker
on top of the Gov’t. forces).
When playing with WiFFE, whoever sets up first
chooses 1 of their units and places it on any resource,
factory, port, or city in the country (exception: the
Belgian Congo and NEI territorial must set up in its
territory). The other player then places 2 of their
units on any of the above not occupied by the first
player. The first player then places 2 more units as
above, but not in any hex or land section containing
enemy units, and so on until all units have been
placed. Units may be stacked together provided the
stacking limit is not exceeded. If there are no
resource, factory, port or cities (apart from the
Capital) available, the protagonist that sets-up in the
Capital has won the civil war. After set up, the
Government controls all hexes and land sections not
containing rebel units.
If the minor country has no forces (e.g. Latvia) then
the winner is the side that rolled the highest
allocation of land forces on the Civil War Table
(lowest initiative if a 5 or 6 is rolled).
After set up, the civil war continues until either the
rebels or the government have surrendered (WiFFE
this would occur in the Peace step), destroyed the
other side’s army or gained enough offensive points
to conquer its home country, see 9.5 (WiFFE: one
side controls all the home country cities, ports,
resources and factories). Control of any of the minor
country’s territories is irrelevant to determining the
winner of a civil war.
When playing with WiFFE, the normal WiFFE rules
for movement and combat apply except that every
resource, factory, port, and city counts as a supply
source for Rebel and Government forces until the
Civil War is over. Use the directing major power’s
action limits for the side it is controlling. These
action limits do count against the major power’s own
action limits.
While a civil war is raging, no one gains resources or
factories from the minor, regardless of control or any
agreements with it. Resources and money (WiFFE:
build points) may not be transported through a minor
in a civil war (see 10.1.2) and MP 0(b), MP 0(e), IPO
2, IPO 3, IPO 4, IPO 5, IPO 12, IPO 16, IT 7, GE 7,
GE 8, GE 9 and GE 10 may not be played on the
minor.
If a major power declares war on a minor country in
civil war, the government and rebel forces may
defend together but may not attack together.
If the rebels win the civil war, the player who most
recently directed them moves the minor’s political
marker on the status display. The marker moves
exactly as far from the central hex of the neutral zone
but in the opposite direction to where it started (e.g.
if it started on the ‘U’ lettered hex on the left-hand
side of the status display, it would move to the ‘U’
lettered hex on the right-hand side of the display).
Then, move it one hex towards the central hex for
each turn that the civil war lasted. If it reaches the
central hex, it stops there. Next, reverse all the minor
country effect markers currently remaining in the
country.
Future minor country effects on that minor are the
opposite of that specified (e.g. +4 becomes a -4),
except that a rebel government in the following
countries does not reverse the effect to the minor
itself in regards to the following options:
- All minors – IPO 17 and IPO 18.
- All minors, if they are the target of the political
option only – IPO 2, IPO 3, IPO 4, IPO 7, IPO 8,
IPO 12, MP 4, RU 4 and US 8.
- Bulgaria – GE 13 and GE 14.
- Czechoslovakia – CW 6, GE 8 and FR 8.
- Hungary – GE 13 and GE 14.
- Poland – CW 7 and GE 10.
- Rumania – FR 8, GE 13 and GE 14.
- Yugoslavia – FR 8.
This represents the fact that the Rebels despise
(nearly) everything the original Government stood
for.
If the Rebels win the civil war in Spain, then also
remove the Republican Spanish marker from the
game and replace it with the Spanish Nationalist
marker and use those modifiers on the war and treaty
charts instead of applying the opposite effect of the
Republican columns.
A minor country emerging from a Civil War keeps
the army and naval points (WiFFE: units, including
those on the production circle) the winning faction
ended the war with, as its new starting forces.
See 9.5 for Civil War combat and 10.4 for Civil War
production.
-
Counter coup
A major power that is from another ideology and in
the following order of precedence:
(a) controls the minor, or
(b) is allied to it, or
(c) is closest to it on the status display, or
(d) has the lowest (best) initiative position among
the other major powers,
rolls 1 or 2 dice (indicated by the counter coup result)
of political control instead of you. The major power
that played the coup has been implicated; the US
entry and the minor country effects half that of the
war chart are applied, except for the minor subject to
the coup (its effect is supplied by the 1 or 2 dice roll).
-
Coup
You roll 1 - 3 dice (as specified by the coup result) of
political control. Coups do not remove alliances to
the minor.
When a coup or counter coup occurs, the total rolled on
the dice is the political modifier marker(s) that the
couping, or the counter couping, major power places in
the minor provided the minor country is one of the 28
with a political marker.
Example: Germany attempts a coup against a neutral
Yugoslavia in 1941. Yugoslavian willpower is 4 and
Germany requires an initiative of 4 or less as a
prerequisite. Germany has an initiative of 3 so she
satisfies the prerequisite.
Yugoslavia has alliances with the Commonwealth and
Italy, giving a -2 modifier. However, there is a +1
modifier for 1941 and a +2 stability (or lack of it!?!)
modifier, giving a net +1. Germany rolls a ‘3’, being
modified to a ‘4’. This results in a two-dice counter-coup.
Germany is implicated and suffers a US entry effect of+2.
She now adds a +2 political control marker to Austria, a
+1 to the Baltic States and so on (assuming these
countries still exist) but ignores the effect on Yugoslavia
herself. The Commonwealth (being the only non-Fascist
ally) now rolls 2 dice for political control. The result is
‘8’ and the CW player places an ‘8’ political marker in
Yugoslavia
If the minor being rolled for is not one of the 28 which
has a political marker, you follow the same procedure,
except that the coup or counter coup dice total is
compared to the second stability number (e.g. The ‘28’ in
Switzerland’s ‘-3/27’). If this number is equaled or
exceeded, the minor allies with you, and cancels any
previous alliance it may have had. Record your new ally
on your major power’s chart. The minor is also
considered to be stacked with you for control purposes
(see 8.1.3 and 8.1.4). If the number is not reached, there
is no effect.
Example: Germany attempts to coup Switzerland in
1941. Switzerland’s stability modifier is -3, while the year
modifier is +1, giving a net modifier of -2. Germany rolls
a ‘10’, which becomes an ‘8’. This results in 3 coup dice.
Germany requires a ‘27’ or better to get Switzerland on
side (the second number). Unfortunately, Germany only
rolls an ‘18’, so that the end result is no effect. Note that
it is not possible to counter coup Switzerland as you can’t
roll ‘27’ or greater with 1 or 2 dice.
IPO 5 - Minor Joins In
If you are at war with a major
power and your political marker is stacked with an allied
minor country’s, this option allows you to align that
minor unless:
a) you are ineligible to control it politically (see
8.1.2); or
b) it is hostile to you; or
c) it is also allied to another major power; or
d) the minor is in a civil war.
If it is a minor without a political marker, you must have
couped it successfully by playing IPO 4. Otherwise, the
major power’s political marker must be stacked with the
minor’s.
If the minor country has a political marker, remove it
from the status display and place it in your major power
(to show that it is yours). Remove all political effect
markers from the minor. While the minor is aligned,
political effect markers are not placed in the minor
country and are effectively lost.
An aligned minor cancels all of its alliances (only
possible if the minor is aligned by the control rules – see
8.1.4), except to the major power aligning it, and all of its
guarantees. This cancellation occurs after any casus
bellum (see 8.7.2 MP 4), potential PE loss and minor
effects are triggered due to a declaration of war on the
minor.
Example #1: Poland is stacked with, and is allied only to,
France. The Commonwealth also guarantees Poland.
Germany declares war on France and France aligns
Poland. The Commonwealth loses its guarantee with
Poland, does not gain a casus bellum against Germany,
and would not suffer PE loss or minor effects if Poland is
conquered by Germany.
Example #2: Poland is stacked with, and is allied only to,
France. The Commonwealth has guaranteed Poland.
Germany declares war on Poland. France declares war
on Germany and aligns Poland. The Commonwealth
maintains its casus bellum versus Germany and is still at
risk to lose PE and suffer the minor effects if it fails to
declare war on Germany in time (see 8.7.1 IPO 3 & IPO
12).
All economic commitments (e.g. trade agreements ~ see
8.7.2 MP 3 and Support Rumanian land claims ~ MP 14)
of aligned minor countries may be honoured, suspended
or canceled at the discretion of the controlling major
power. This must be decided immediately and cannot be
altered while you control the minor. Adjust factory and
resource markers as necessary.
Setting up the minor country
The major power directing the minor sets up its army and
navy points on the map. The number of army and naval
points each minor country starts with is specified on the
map.
If the minor was previously at war (including civil war),
use the total recorded at the end of the last war instead.
In either case you then add any extra points purchased
with MP 0(b) as well as the yearly additions since the
start of the game (or the last time the minor was at war, if
applicable). These yearly additions are specified after the
minor country’s army and naval points on the map. If no
number is specified, there are no yearly additions.
Example: Germany declares war on Spain in 1941. The
Spanish Civil war ended in 1939 with a Nationalist
victory. There were 24 Spanish army and 17 Navy points
at the end of the war. Spain’s yearly addition is +3 army
points and +0 Navy points so Spain sets up with 30 army
points and 17 navy points.
At least half of the combined total of the minor’s army
and navy points must set up in the minor’s home country.
When playing with WiFFE set up the minor’s units as
per WiFFE 19.4 adding in any extra units previously
built with MP 0(b).
Controlling the minor country
The minor is now considered just another one of your
controlled territories. Furthermore, you may now use the
minor’s blue factories, in addition to the red ones. When
playing with WiFFE all the effects of aligning a minor
are used.
If the minor becomes completely conquered, pass its
political marker to the conqueror. It is effectively out of
the game until liberated (see 8.7.1 IPO 6).
Immediately upon your not being at war with any major
power, all aligned minors are also no longer at war. Put
the aligned minors’ political markers back onto the status
display in the same hex as yours, with an alliance marker
to the MP it was aligned with.
Access to aligned minor’s territories and use of its army
and navy points is restricted by 8.7.2 ~ MP 3.
When playing with WiFFE, use of the aligned minor’s
units is as per WiFFE 19.4. Note that further restrictions
may occur as a result of RU 4 border rectification (see
8.7.2).
Option 8.7.1 IPO 5.1: (Multiple align) When played you
may align as many minors as you like. For each aligned
minor apply all the effects of the card.
Option 8.7.1 IPO 5.2: (Reactionary align) If playing with
WiFFE, a major power may play IPO 5 during the
WiFFE declaration of war step, without having played it
during the political step. All the requirements to play IPO
5 must still be satisfied.
A major power (or its level 2 or 3 treaty partner) must pay
all monetary costs at the time the minor is aligned (see
10.2 spending). All normal political and US entry effects
are applied immediately.
The major power must play IPO 5 with its next political
option choice.
If it fails to get the option played on the next (or any
future) turn and the major power declares a reactionary
war (see 8.7.2 MP 4) and/or align minors during the
following (or any future) turn, the major power would
have to be play both options in the order that they
occurred until all owed options are successfully played.
If the next option a major power owes is an IPO 5, and at
its next political option choice, IPO 5 is unavailable, the
major power must default to its next owed option, if it has
any, or to any legal MP 0 option otherwise.
IPO 6 - Liberation
This allows you to liberate a minor
country or a major power home country that was
conquered (either completely or incompletely) or Vichied
by another major power.
To do so, you must control the original home country’s
capital. Additionally, you must have a level 2 or 3 treaty
with an incompletely conquered or Vichied major power
you wish to liberate, (except when liberating your own
major power of course).
When playing with WiFFE you may not liberate colonies
(e.g. Egypt). Instead you may revert them (see 8.7.2 MP 3
Treaty Effects Level 1) or you may be forced to revert
them (see 8.7.1 IPO 13).
When played on a minor country, you can immediately
(or not at all) declare it on your side, even if it is hostile to
you, without playing IPO 5. If you choose not to align the
minor, place its political marker in the same hex as yours
on the status display and put a flag underneath it to show
that it is your ally.
If you declare the minor country on your side, set up the
minor’s army points as per 8.7.1 IPO 5.
When played on a major power that has been completely
conquered, or had previously surrendered
unconditionally, you may place its political marker next
to yours on the status display. The rejuvenated major
power has a political effectiveness of 0.
When playing with WiFFE you implement the effects
from WiFFE 13.7.5.
IPO 7 or 8 - Loyalist or Rebel Support
These options
allow you to support the government or the rebel faction
in a minor country Civil War this turn.
The effect is to allow you to buy army and/or naval points
in the Production Step (treat as lend leased for WiFFE
purposes, except you don’t have to ship it to the minor)
for the side you supported. The maximum amount you
can spend is the reverse of your initiative position (1st = 8
points, 8th = 1). You may add an additional 2 to this limit
if you are playing IPO 7 and the minor is in your faction.
You may add an additional 1 to this limit if you are
playing IPO 8 and the minor is in a faction different from
yours. You must spend at least 1 in support of the faction
you chose.
You may also transfer up to 6 APs (1 unit in WiFFE) to
their armed forces. When playing with WiFFE you must
physically ship the unit to its destination. Upon reaching
its destination it immediately becomes a part of the
Government/Rebel forces and if destroyed goes into their
force pool.
At the conclusion of the Civil War all the losing side’s
units that originally belonged to major powers are
returned to their original major power’s force pools. All
the winning side’s units that originally belonged to major
powers may be returned to their original major power’s
force pools at the option of the major power controlling
the winning side. Units remaining with the minor are the
minor’s units from now on and are added to its set-up
forces.
When playing with WiFFE 13.5.1 Option 48 (Oil rule)
the Government forces, if you played IPO 7, or the Rebel
forces, if you played IPO 8, may now trace to any oil
controlled by its directing major power.
Initial control of forces was determined when the Civil
War started (see IPO 4). Thereafter, the loyalists are
controlled by whoever has played IPO 7 the most,
counting the major power that initially took control of the
government forces as having played IPO 7 once. The
rebels are controlled by whoever has played IPO 8 the
most, counting the play of IPO 4 (coup) as one play of
IPO 8. With ties, control goes to the major power that
controlled the side last turn.
IPO 9 - Spies
This option allows you to interfere with
another major power’s internal affairs, causing a potential
variety of outcomes. Choose a target major power.
Roll a die and add the difference in initiative positions
between your initiative position and the target power’s
initiative position. Subtract 1 if the target major power is
at war with a major power. Subtract an additional 1 if the
target major power is at war with you. Then compare the
result to the effects listed below. You may reduce your
result.
-
13+: The target must play IPO 1 at its next
opportunity in a direction specified by you. However,
you cannot force a major power to play it in a
direction if it would violate the rules for IPO 1 (i.e. A
major power can not play IPO 1 towards the center of
an ideology if it already occupies one of the center
hexes). Furthermore, a major power cannot be forced
to leave its ideology, even if playing with optional
rule 15.2 and/or 15.3, as a result of being forced to
play IPO 1. If you are the target, one play of IPO 1
satisfies all IPO 9 effects on you.
-
11 - 12: The target must play option 0(f) at its next
opportunity. The target’s play of 0(f) entitles it to all
the capabilities of playing 0(f) (i.e. it can use this to
agree to a treaty, or as a 0(f) follow up to various
major power options, etc.). Playing 0(f) once will
satisfy all IPO 9 effect 13 - 14 and 11 - 12
requirements. It will also satisfy 15+ effect
requirements if IPO 1 has been played previously in
the turn.
-
9 - 10: The target must tell you what option it intends
to play at its next opportunity and must attempt to
play that option until successful, or that option is not
available or forced to play another option.
• 7 - 8: No effect.
-
6 or less: You have been implicated. You now apply
the war chart for both minor country effects and US
entry. Furthermore, the target now has a casus bellum
(see 8.7.2 MP 4) against you until the end of the
following turn’s political step.
If you are playing with 15.1 Hidden Option Play then
don’t roll the die. You get to implement the 13+ effect if
your initiative position is at least 5 less than the target.
You get to implement the 11 - 12 effect if your initiative
position is 4 less than the target. If your initiative position
is 3 less than the target you can implement the 9 - 10
effect. If your initiative position is greater than the
target’s you have been implicated and suffer the effects of
the 6 or less result.
IPO 10 - Government Falls/Election Called
This can
only be played on Democratic major powers. It forces
them to hold an election. You must either name your own
major power or a major power that has a higher initiative
position than yours. You may not choose a major power
that is at war with another major power, or a major power
that doesn’t need to hold an election in their current
election time frame (see below), or the USA.
If you play the option against yourself, you do not need to
hold an election until your next time frame for an election
comes up.
Unless your election is late, or you are forced to have an
election, or IPO 10 has already been played this turn, you
must play IPO 10 to hold an election. Otherwise you may
play option 0(c) to hold your election.
If your election is late, you are assumed to have had IPO
10 played against you (see below). Note if you go to war
while still ‘owing’ an election (either by being late or by
having had IPO 10 played against you previously) you
must still hold that election.
If another major power plays IPO 10 against you, you
must attempt to play your option 0(c) at every future
opportunity until successful. If you bid for two or more
options, you can play option 0(c) as any of them, not
necessarily as the first. Once you play your option 0(c)
you don’t need to hold another election until your next
time frame for an election.
If the USA does not successfully play IPO 10 (or 0(c) if
IPO 10 has already been played this turn) in the relevant
turn (N/D 1936, N/D 1940 or N/D 1944) then the
Republicans win the election. While there is a Republican
government, reduce all US entry effects by one (i.e. a +6
USE would become +5 and a -4 would become -3).
While democratic:
- France must hold an election once each year, while
she is not at war with another major power.
- The Commonwealth, Italy, Japan and Germany must
hold an election once every three calendar years (i.e.
in 1936 -1938, 1939 - 1941, 1942 - 1944 and 1945 -
1947), while they are not at war with another major
power
- the Soviet Union and China must hold an election
once every five years, while not at war with another
major power
- The USA must hold an election in Nov./Dec. of
1936, 1940, 1944, etc…
IPO 11 - Treaty Torn Up
This allows you to cancel one
or more treaty levels that you have established with one
other major power.
Fascists may not break a treaty during the first 3 turns
following the signing, Communists during the first 4 turns
and Democrats during the first 6.
Decide how many levels of treaty you wish to break and
adjust the treaty markers on your respective home
countries to reflect the new levels of treaty (if any).
If the other major power is in the same ideology as yours,
your political effectiveness is reduced by 1.
If you break any treaty levels, you lose your trade
agreement with that major power.
You still have a non-aggression pact with a major power
even after a treaty is torn up. However, the garrison ratio
is reduced (see 14.).
If a treaty is broken, and this leaves any of your army or
naval points (WiFFE: units) illegally in another major
power’s territory, move them immediately to the nearest
territory (WiFFE: hex/hexes) where they can base.
IPO 12 - Guarantee
This option allows you to
guarantee the territorial integrity of a minor country
without having to be allied to it. It is weaker than an
alliance in that you cannot align a minor with this option,
however a guarantee is almost never removed (see 8.7.1
IPO 5, 8.7.2 MP 5 and 12).
This option may not be played on a minor in a civil war,
or that is at war, or that has been declared war on this
turn. You may not play this option on a minor that you
already have a guarantee with. To guarantee a minor,
your initiative position must be lower than its willpower.
If someone declares war on one of your guaranteed
minors you have a casus bellum (see 8.7.2 MP 4) against
that major power until the end of the political step
(WiFFE: end of your first impulse) following its
conquest (either complete or incomplete).
If a you have a guarantee with a minor country when it is
declared war on, and that minor country is subsequently
conquered (either completely or incompletely), and you
are not at war with all the major powers who declared war
on the minor by the end of the next political step
(WiFFE: end of your first impulse of the next turn), the
following affects take place: Reduce your PE by 1, and
place a -2 modifier marker on every other minor you have
guaranteed.
These effects are cumulative with those of an alliance. So,
if you fail to declare war on a major power that has
conquered an allied minor you have guaranteed, you will
lose 2 PE and place a -5 in every other minor you have an
alliance or guarantee with.
If you declare war on a minor you have guaranteed, you
suffer the above effects (PE loss and minor effects)
immediately, not when the minor is conquered. After
suffering the effects of declaring war on your guaranteed
minor, cancel all your alliances and/or your guarantee
with the minor.
IPO 13 - Combined War Aims
This option gives you a
measure of security at the cost of having to give up any
allied territory that you liberate from enemy control.
If you are signing combined war aims, you must be at war
with another major power and must name the major
power(s) you want to combine with and those you want to
combine against. Each combining major power must be at
war with every major power you are combining against.
You can also play this option to repudiate combined war
aims you have already established.
To be successful, every other combining major power
must agree by successfully playing its option 0(f) this
turn. If any fails, the negotiations fall through.
When you want to surrender to another major power with
combined war aims against you, you must surrender to
every major power that has combined war aims with that
major power against you.
Example: The Soviet Union and the Commonwealth have
combined war aims against Germany. The USA and
France also have combined war aims against her.
Germany could not surrender to the Soviet Union only.
Instead she would have to surrender to both the Soviet
Union and the Commonwealth. Similarly, she could not
surrender only to France or only to the USA. If France
had also combined war aims with the Soviet Union,
Germany would have to surrender to all four since the
two groups would then be linked.
If you re-conquer a colony that at the start of the game
belonged to a major power you are now combined with,
you must immediately return control of it if you have the
required treaty levels to do so (see 8.7.2 MP 3). When
playing with WiFFE, this also applies to hexes as well as
colonies.
This option can also be used to repudiate combined war
aims you have with a major power. You can choose to
repudiate combined war aims with only one of several
major powers each turn, but you must repudiate all
combined war aims with that major power.
Example: The Soviet Union, the USA and the
Commonwealth have combined war aims against
Germany and Italy. The Soviet Union decides to
repudiate its combined war aims with the USA. It could
not just repudiate its war aims against Germany. It would
still have combined war aims with the Commonwealth. It
could, of course, choose to repudiate its war aims with
the Commonwealth in a future turn.
If you have combined war aims against a major power
that surrenders to you, your combined war aims against
that major power are automatically canceled.
For additional effects, see 8.7.2 MP 5 ~ Surrender and 12.
Conquest.
IPO 14 - Demand Vichy Territory
This option allows
you to take control of one territory of a major power that
has entered into aVichy surrender (see 8.7.2 MP 5). The
territory is transferred as if it were conquered by the
demanding power. You may not play this option if the
Vichy major power is hostile to you. You may not choose
the Vichy home country. The US may only choose this
option while at war with the major power controlling the
Vichy major power.
You gain control of the territory by you rolling 1 or less
on one die. You (cumulatively) modify this die by:
-1 (WiFFE: -1/2) per sea area and territory between the
territory being demanded and the Vichy home
country;
-1 each initiative position you are lower (better) than the
controlling major power’s;
+1 each initiative position you are higher (worse) than
the controlling major power’s;
+1 you are in a different ideology to the controlling
major power;
-1 you are the Vichy major power’s original owner; and
+1 you are at war with the controlling major power.
Example: In a WiFFE game, the Commonwealth plays
IPO 14 in an attempt to gain control of Vichy Indo-
China. French Indo-China is 7 sea areas/territories away
from German controlled Metropolitan Vichy France. The
Commonwealth has the first initiative and Germany has
the second. The CW needs to roll 4 or less (modified by -
7/2 -1 +1 +1, a net -3). If Germany was going 3rd,or
France was trying to gain control, the die roll required
would only need to be a 5 or less.
If successful, remove all Vichy army and naval points in
that territory. Move all the controlling major power’s
army and naval points to its home country. When playing
with WiFFE, remove all the Vichy units (except
territorial units) and place them in the owner’s force pool.
If the territory is taken over by a major power not in the
installing major power’s ideology move all the installing
major power’s units to the nearest hex they can stack in
controlled by their major power.
IPO 15 - Naval Treaty
This is the option you would
play to enter or repudiate (if you have previously entered)
the restrictions imposed by the London Naval Treaty. At
the start of the game no one is in the treaty (the
Washington Naval Treaty had lapsed).
China never needs to check its ratio as it is not a naval
power and is excluded from the Naval Treaty rules and
ratio calculations.
At the end of any political affairs step in which a major
power entered the Treaty, any other major power that
successfully played its option 0(f) at any time during the
current political turn, may also enter the Treaty. A major
power joining the naval treaty through its 0(f) option does
so for free and does not generate any US entry, or minor
effects.
Each major power has a naval ratio that is determined by
multiplying the major power’s naval points by its naval
multiple. When playing with WiFFE, multiply the naval
multiple by the total number of on-map SCSs and CVs.
The naval multiples are:
Commonwealth, USA 1
Japan 2
France, Italy 3
Germany 4
The Soviet Union 5
Once three or more major powers subject to the Naval
treaty rules (i.e. not China) are at war with major powers
the Naval treaty rules are suspended. Turn over the -1 PE
markers and no one is limited in ship builds. Furthermore,
no one may play IPO 15. If the number of major powers,
subject to the Naval treaty rules, at war with other major
powers drops to two or less then re-implement the Naval
Treaty rules as if everyone had repudiated them.
If the Naval Treaty rules have not been suspended then:
- The major power (or powers if tied) with the lowest
naval ratio turns or keeps its PE marker face-down
(i.e. to the -1 side).
- The major power (or powers if tied) with the second
lowest naval ratio turns or keeps its PE marker face-
down (i.e. to the -1 side) if it is not a member of the
naval treaty and there isn’t a tie for the lowest naval
ratio. If it is a member of the naval treaty then turn or
keep its PE marker face-up (i.e. to the non –1 side).
- All other major powers turn or keep their PE markers
face-up (i.e. to the non -1 side).
- A major power in the treaty, and not at war with
another major power and having the highest (or tied
for the highest) naval ratio may not build naval
points. When playing with WiFFE it may not build
(either first or second cycle) or repair SUBs, SCSs,
CVs, or AMPH; It may build TRSs & CPs.
- A major power not in the treaty is never limited in its
naval builds.
IPO 16 - League of Nations
This option allows you to
perform one of a variety of activities (your choice) related
to peacekeeping and international finance. At the start of
the game, China, the Commonwealth, France, Italy, the
Soviet Union and all minor countries except Switzerland
are members of the league.
This option can be used to:
a) attempt to join the League;
b) leave the League;
c) try to increase your international credit limit;
d) try to impose sanctions on another major power.
These come in 3 forms;
i) apply a trade embargo; or
ii) try to expel a member; or
iii) try to achieve an ‘enough is enough’ declaration
e) try to cancel a sanction currently in force.
If you are in the League already, you can’t attempt to join
it (obviously). If you aren’t in the League, you can only
play this option to try to join.
An attempt to leave or join the League may be played
either on behalf of a minor country you control
(regardless of whether you are in the league or not) or for
your own major power. To have a minor country under
your control enter or leave the LofN, you need a lower
initiative than its willpower and the minor must not be in
a civil war.
The minor country effect is only applied to the major
power playing the option. The effect is +2 for every
minor that voted for your proposal and -3 for every minor
that voted against it.
The League votes for all actions except (b) leaving the
league, which occurs simply by playing the option to
leave either on your major power, or a minor country it
controls.
Voting on an ‘enough is enough’ sanctions involves all
League members. For all other votes, roll a die and
compare it to the League councillors chart (see the Status
Display). Each of the 6 countries specified that is a
League member and each permanent Council member (all
major powers in the league except China) votes on this
issue except the subject of a sanctions vote.
You cast the votes of every minor you control who is
eligible to vote. Uncontrolled minors always abstain. You
always cast your own major power’s vote and may
abstain if you wish.
A major power cannot cast its own vote when it is the
subject of a sanction proposal or not in the League, but
can still cast the votes of any minors it controls.
Completely conquered countries may not vote. Aligned
minors (IPO 5) may vote. Minors that have been absorbed
(i.e. Czechoslovakia after GE 9 and Austria after GE or
IT 7) may not vote.
Ignore all abstentions when counting votes, except when
voting for sanctions. Non-sanction votes, including the
cancellation of sanctions, succeed with a 2/3 majority of
those countries actually voting.
If you successfully increase your international credit
limit, you can go further into debt. Each time you play
this option successfully, your credit limit increases by 10
money points. If you leave the League, your debt limit
reverts to the starting limit. See 8.4.2 and 10.2 for how
debt and credit limits effect the game.
Votes for sanctions may only be called against a major
power that declared war on a major power or minor
country with which it is still at war. Sanction votes
require unanimous support to pass. If there is one or more
no votes or abstentions, the proposal fails.
The US entry effect is only applied in a vote for
sanctions. The effect is applied against every major power
that votes in favor of sanctions regardless of whether the
vote passes or fails.
If the league votes any sanctions against a major power
for being at war with a minor, it may cancel the sanctions
by immediately announcing peace with the minor. You
must return all territory you control originally belonging
to the minor, including removing offensives into the
minor’s territories. Then move all your forces in the
minor’s territory, to the nearest territory (WiFFE: hex)
belonging to you.
If the minor is now no longer at war, then the major
power directing or controlling the minor must remove
from the map all the minor’s army and navy points.
Subtract the amount listed as the current year’s
reinforcement from the army point total and record these
values as the minor’s new army and navy point current
year totals. Failure to announce peace causes the
sanctions to come into effect.
If ‘Expulsion’ has been passed, you are no longer a
member of the LofN.
While a trade embargo is imposed on you:
(a) you may not trade with any major powers in the
League. Your trade agreements with them remain in
place but do not count towards your, or their,
production while the sanctions last; and
(b) you only receive half of the total resources and
factories that you would normally receive from minor
countries containing your resource or factory
marker(s) or from political control (excluding those
minor countries aligned with you); and
Example: Italy has trade agreements with the
following countries: Spain ~ 2 resources, Iraq ~ 1
oil, and Greece ~ 1 resource. While trade sanctions
are enforced Italy would only receive 2 resources
(half of 4), one of which could count as an oil.
(c) while you remain in the League, you can not play
IPO 2 with LofN members, nor play your option 3
proposing a treaty or your 0(f) accepting a treaty with
a LofN major power.
If ‘Enough is Enough’ is imposed, every major power in
the League has a casus bellum (see 8.7.2 MP 4) against
you for as long as you are at war with that country.
If your trading or economic agreement partner is not in
the League of Nations you may trade with them normally.
Aligned minors are unaffected by a trade embargo.
Minors that you are trading with (see IPO 2 & IPO 5) that
are aligned by another major power are affected by a
trade embargo only if their controlling major power is
also affected.
All sanctions last until canceled by vote, you withdraw
from the minor as above, or 2 years after you come to
peace with or have completely conquered the country that
caused the sanctions to be imposed.
Example: Italy conquers Ethiopia in Mar/Apr 1936. A
trade embargo was imposed on Italy in Jan/Feb 1936. It
will last until Mar/Apr 1938 unless cancelled by vote
earlier.
IPO 17 - The Credit Card
Any major power may play
this option but only if at least 4 options have already been
played this turn.
The minor country effects apply to every major power
that has an economic agreement with a minor country. Put
one of your +1 modifiers into each minor with which you
have such an agreement if you are 11 or more in debt. Put
one of your –1 modifiers into each such minor if you are
11 or more in credit [this may sound strange, but if you
are in credit, your trading partners are in debt, and they
don’t look kindly on having to pay up - just like some of
our creditors].
Every major power in debt must pay interest and every
major power with a surplus receives interest. The amount
of interest you pay is 1 money point per every five in
debt. For fractions of five, roll a die. If you roll less than
twice the fraction, you must pay another 1 money in
interest (e.g. if you were 16 money in debt, you would
pay 3 money points interest and roll 2 or less to pay a 4th
money point. If you rolled 2 or less, you would increase
your debt to 20). If your debt is then over your credit
limit, you will not be able to spend any money (and so
couldn’t play options that have a cost) until you are above
your limit.
Every major power in credit receives 1 money point
interest for each 10 money points in credit. For fractions
of 10, roll a die. If you roll less than the fraction, you
receive 1 additional money point (e.g. France is 17 points
in credit, she receives 1 money point and rolls a die. If
she rolls 7 or less, she would receive a second point).
IPO 18 - Free Trade vs. Protection
This option allows
you to have your major power declare itself as a
protectionist or a free trader.
At the start of the game, all major powers are
protectionist, except the USA, which is a free trader.
The minor country effects vary according to whether you
are changing to a protectionist or a free trader. Put one of
your ‘+1’ markers into each minor with which you have
an economic agreement(s) if you become protectionist.
Put one of your ‘-1’ markers into each such minor if you
become a free trader.
See 10.1.1 (Additions to Income) for the production
bonus effects of free trader and protectionist status.
IPO 19 - Embargo
If you have a trade agreement with a
major power and have a casus bellum (see 8.7.2 MP 4)
against it you can impose an embargo against it. Choose
the major power.
The USA may also embargo a major power without a
casus bellum provided it is at war with any Democratic
major power other than China.
Similarly, the USA may embargo a major power at war
with China without requiring a casus bellum provided the
US entry total against the aggressor is 30 or more (and the
tension level is 7 or more if playing with option 15.10).
You can cancel up to half your current trade with the
embargoed major power (minimum of 1 resource, factory
or build point). The target can immediately reciprocate
without having to play any option.
Optional rule 8.7.1 IPO 19.1: If playing with option
15.10, the USA may not play IPO 19 versus Japan, in
regard to the starting trade agreement only. However, add
WiFFE US entry options 13, 23 and 31 to the list
available in 15.10.
IPO 20 - National Effort
If you are at war with another
major power you may play National Effort. For this and
the following 5 turns, your production is one PML higher
than your stated level on your PM track. For the rest of
the game you are one PML less.
Example: In May/Jun 1943 Germany plays National
effort. Her current PM is 1.25. It increases to 1.5 for the
remainder of the year. In Jan/Feb 1944, Germany plays
her GE 2 to increase her PM to the 1.5 box. Her
production until Mar/Apr ’44 is now 1.75. From May/Jun
’44 onwards for the rest of the game, German production
is reduced to 1.25 (and even lower should Germany
disarm (see 8.7.2 GE 1) in future).
8.7.2 Major Power Options
Use the description and prerequisites described in the
rules here first, the ones on the back of the card second
and the ones on the front of the card last if there are any
discrepancies.
MP 0(a) - Increase Political Effectiveness
This option
allows you to buy the chance to increase your political
effectiveness. Roll one die for every 3 money points you
spend. If you roll a 10 on any die increase your political
effectiveness by one. Your PE can only increase by one
regardless of the number of 10’s you roll.
If you have been at war against another major power for
at least five turns, or your unmodified political
effectiveness has been negative for at least 3 turns, reduce
the cost of this option to 2 per die. If both apply, reduce
the cost to 1 per die.
MP 0(b) - Purchase A Minor Unit
This option may not
be played on a minor in a civil war.
You may immediately spend up to 3 money points to give
a minor country 1 to 3 extra army points. You must
announce which minor is the recipient if that minor is at
war.
You may keep the minor’s identity secret if it is not at
war. Note that minor on your major power chart.
Announce it as soon as someone declares war on that
minor or if it is aligned.
When playing with WiFFE, you may instead build or
advance build one unit, if available, for a minor country.
The unit may be any land or air unit (PiF option 28: and
its pilot) in the minor’s force pool. Neither the minor nor
you have to be at war to use this option. You must pay all
costs for building the unit. Place the unit on the
production circle as being built this turn.
MP 0(c) - Hold Election
This is the option you play
when you have failed to hold an election on time, or if
IPO 10 has already been played this turn, or you are
compelled to by the previous play of IPO 10 against you.
MP 0(d) - Build a Factory/Oil
You may build 1 factory
(WiFFE: or 1 synth Oil plant). You may only build
factories (WiFFE: or Synth Oil) with the play of this
option.
While neutral, the factory (WiFFE: and synth oil) build
cost is that stated on the major power’s option card and
takes 6 turn to build. While at war, each factory costs half
the amount stated and takes 4 turns to build (WiFFE: the
synth oil cost and time is that on the counter).
When the factory (WiFFE: or Synth Oil) is built, place it
in any controlled territory (WiFFE: hex). If this territory
(WiFFE: hex) is not the owner’s home country (United
Kingdom only for the Commonwealth) the owner must
immediately pay the above build cost again to place it
there.
MP 0(e) - Place a Coup Cell
This option may not be
played on a minor in a civil war.
You may place a coup cell in a minor country for the cost
stated on the major power’s card. This can disrupt other
players’ attempts to start a coup in that minor. Note the
minor on your major power chart.
MP 0(f) - Agree to a proposal
This is the option you
play to respond to someone else’s proposal (e.g. a treaty
proposal, or a combined war aims proposal, etc.) or to
join the London Naval Treaty (see IPO 15) if someone
else has already done so this turn. You can respond
(either agreeing or disagreeing) to any number of
proposals made this turn with this one option. Unless
otherwise specified it doesn’t matter if you play the 0(f)
before or after the proposal is made.
MP 0(g) - Increase Bid Points
This option gains you
twice as many bid points as your current modified
political effectiveness. You can only play this option if
you only bid for one option this turn. You may not
activate a minor this turn.
Optional rule 8.7.2 MP 0(g): If you did not pick 0(g) last
turn, you gain 3 times as many bid points as your current
modified political effectiveness. If you picked MP (0g) in
each of the last two turns you only gain bid points equal
to your modified political effectiveness.
MP 0(h) Intelligence campaign: If playing WiFFE 22.1
(intelligence), you may convert bid points equal to one
third of your political effectiveness (round all fractions
up) into intelligence operations to use in the intelligence
step (even if you are neutral). Neutral major powers
subtract one from their intelligence die rolls. See 16.17
for when intelligence roles start.
MP 1 - Disarmament
This option reduces your army
points and lowers your production multiple.
Your PML must be greater than 1, and you need at least 9
army points (9 build points of land or air units in WiFFE)
to play this option.
Reduce your PML by one and remove 9 army points (9
build points of land or air units in WiFFE).
MP 2 - Gear Up
This option increases your production
multiple by 1 level. It can only be played if you aren’t
already at your top level.
You may not gear up to a PML higher than your
peacetime maximum (the peace symbol on your PM
track) unless you are at war with another major power
(exception USA, see 8.7.2 US 2 below).
The cost for a gear up that occurs on the year listed on
your PML track is the cost on the card. The cost for a
gear up that occurs later than the year listed is half the
cost on the card.
The cost of a gear up that is up to one calendar year prior
to the date shown is double the value on the major
power’s card, two years prior is triple, three years prior is
quadruple and so on.
GE 2- German Gear Up
This option can only be played
if:
a) you are a Fascist; or
b) the current year is greater than or equal to the year
specified on the PM track; or
c) the Commonwealth’s, France’s, the Soviet Union’s
or the USA’s PML is above yours.
IT 2 - Italian Gear Up
This option can only be played
if:
a) you are a Fascist; or
b) the current year is greater than or equal to the year
specified on the PM track; or
c) the Commonwealth’s, France’s, or Germany’s PML
is above yours.
JA 2 - Japanese Gear Up
This option can only be
played if:
a) you are a Fascist; or
b) the current year is greater than or equal to the year
specified on the PM track; or
c) the Commonwealth’s, the Soviet Union’s or the
USA’s PML is above yours.
RU 2 - Soviet Gear Up
This option can only be played
if:
a) you are a Fascist; or
b) the current year is greater than or equal to the year
specified on the PM track; or
c) the Commonwealth or Germany’s PML is above
yours; or
d) Japan’s, or the USA’s PML is two or more above
yours.
CW 2 - Commonwealth Gear Up
This option can only
be played if:
a) you are a Fascist; or
b) the current year is greater than or equal to the year
specified on the PM track; or
c) Germany’s, or the Soviet Union’s PML is above
yours; or
d) any other major power’s PML is two or more above
yours.
FR 2 - French Gear Up
This option can only be played
if:
a) you are a Fascist; or
b) the current year is greater than or equal to the year
specified on the PM track; or
c) Germany’s PML is above yours; or
d) Italy’s or the Commonwealth’s PML is two or more
above yours.
CH 2 - Chinese Gear Up
This option can only be
played if:
a) you are a Fascist; or
b) the current year is greater than or equal to the year
specified on the PM track; or
c) Japan’s PML is above yours; or
d) France’s, the Soviet Union’s or the Commonwealth’s
PML is two or more above yours.
US 2 - USA Gear Up
This option can only be played if:
a) you are a Fascist; or
b) the current year is greater than or equal to the year
specified on the PM track; or
c) all the other Democratic major power’s production
multiple levels are above yours; or
d) any major power’s PML is two or more above yours.
You may not gear up if you are at peace and at your
maximum peacetime production unless any non-
Democratic major power’s (not their controlled minor’s)
army or naval points (WiFFE: units, excluding convoy
points) occupy any territory (WiFFE: hex) in North or
South America.
MP 3 – Treaty
This option allows you to propose a
treaty with a major power you aren’t at war with. Your
initiative position must be less than the other major
power’s.
You can’t increase your treaty level with a major power if
you already have the maximum level with it. The
maximum level of treaty you can have with a major
power in a different ideology (or in the neutral zone, see
15.2 & 15.3) is 2.
The other major power must respond by playing its option
0(f) agreeing with your proposal, in the same turn. The
US entry and minor country effects only apply if the
proposal is agreed to. If the other major power agrees,
both of you increase your treaty level with each other by
- Alter your markers in your respective flag boxes on the
map to reflect the new level.
Optional rule 8.7.2 MP 3.1 Treaty: The US entry effect,
usually applied only to the initiator of the treaty, may be
split among the acceptor and the initiator if both major
powers agree before the treaty is accepted and they are of
differing ideologies. The ratio of the split is not limited,
however the total of the US entry added to both countries
must equal the amount required as if no split had take
place.
Example: In 1937 both Japan and the Soviet Union
would like to make a treaty but neither of them is willing
to take on the full US entry. They agree to make the treaty
with each power taking half of the US entry. Japan offers
the treaty and the Soviet Union accepts it, both add 9 to
their US entry totals (7 on Japan’s card + 11 on the
treaty chart for the Soviet Union).
You may also play this option to vary the trade agreement
of an existing treaty and/or re-start a non-aggression pact
(see 14.), even if you are already at the maximum treaty
level with the other major power. If you do so, your treaty
level does not change, it only costs 2 money and there are
no US entry or minor political effects.
Instead, if the target accepts the changes by playing 0(f),
the number of resources, oil and/or build points traded
may be changed as permitted up to the maximums defined
by your current treaty level.
Excepting for the initial US-Japan trade agreement, a
neutral major power may not share a convoy line with
another major power.
A major power may always use its own naval points
(WiFFE: convoy points) to receive or send any resources
or build points. The USA has further restrictions, see
8.7.2 US 3.
Having a treaty with another major power allows you to
enter their territory in certain circumstances (see below)
provided they agree to your units being there.
While you are not at war with another major power, your
army and naval points (WiFFE: units) may not enter your
treaty partner’s home country, minor countries or
territories.
Furthermore, your aligned minor’s army and navy points
may never enter your treaty partner’s territories.
When playing with WiFFE, and neither of you are
neutral, you and your treaty partner qualify as ‘friendly’
for purposes of determining supply (see WiFFE 2.4.2).
Treaty Effects:
Level 1 - All your current casus belli (see 8.7.2 MP 4)
against each other are canceled except for the casus
bellum generated by Germany recognizing the Ukraine
(see 8.7.2 GE 12).
You may immediately negotiate a trade agreement (see
below). You have a non-aggression pact with each other
(see 14).
If you re-conquer a colony that at the start of the game
belonged to your treaty partner, you may return control of
it to your treaty partner (WiFFE: or a minor country hex
to that minor country ~ see WiFFE 13.7.5 Reversion) at
any time unless your partner has been completely
conquered, or surrendered unconditionally. Reverting
territory does not require any play of a political option.
If neither you nor your partner are neutral, you may lend
lease up to 5 build points and/or 5 resources a turn to your
treaty partner (see 9.1) and you may base up to 20 army
points in your partner’s non home country territories.
When playing with WiFFE, and neither of you are
neutral, your units may also enter your partner’s minor
countries, territories, colonies and/or any hexes they have
conquered, if you satisfy the Foreign Troop Commitment
rule (see WiFFE 18.2). You may also lend lease aircraft
to each other.
Level 2 - as per level 1 and:
You may not declare war on your partner unless you have
a Casus Bellum.
You may immediately (re)negotiate a trade agreement.
You may pay part or all the cost of your treaty partner’s
options.
You have a casus bellum against every major power your
treaty partner is at war with provided:
-
there are no outstanding casus belli between you
and your treaty partner; and
-
your treaty partner has been at war with a major
power from a different ideology for at least 6
turns; and
-
it is at least 6 turns after you and your treaty
partner made the level 2 treaty.
A major power may liberate (see 8.7.1 IPO 6) a treaty
partner’s home country (WiFFE: or revert home country
hexes, see WiFFE 13.7.5) provided they are not
completely conquered (see 8.7.2 MP5).
If you are neutral but your partner isn’t then you may lend
lease up to 5 build points and/or 5 resources a turn to your
treaty partner (see 9.1). When playing with WiFFE, you
may also supply lend lease aircraft to your partner.
Provided neither you nor your partner are neutral:
-
you may lend lease an unlimited number of build
points and/or an unlimited number of resources a turn
to your treaty partner (see 9.1);
-
you may participate in the transport of your partner’s
resources (see 10.1.2);
-
both you and your partner may base up to a total of
20 army and 10 navy points in each other’s
territories. When playing with WiFFE your units
may enter any hexes controlled by your partner
provided you satisfy the Foreign Troop Commitment
rule (see WiFFE 18.2).
Level 3 – as per level 2 and:
You may not declare war on your partner.
You have a casus bellum against every major power your
treaty partner is at war with.
If a major power declares war on your treaty partner, you
may immediately counter by declaring war on the
aggressor, regardless of any treaty levels or non-
aggression pacts you have with the aggressor (the USA
still needs to satisfy the conditions outlined in 8.7.2 US
4).
If you do so, you do not need to play your option 4, there
is no PE shift, US entry or minor country effects. The
aggressor would get any PML increase due to the
declaration of war (see 8.7.2 MP 4). When playing with
WiFFE, the counter declaration of war must come in the
major power’s first available impulse after the triggering
declaration of war.
If neither you nor your partner is neutral, you may base
an unlimited amount of your major power army and naval
points in each other’s territories. When playing with
WiFFE, you and your partner may now co-operate fully
(see WiFFE 18).
Trade Agreements: Whenever a major power signs any
level of treaty with another major power, a trade
agreement may be put in place. All conditions of a trade
agreement should be recorded for future reference.
If for any reason a major power is not able to satisfy its
part of a trade agreement, it can’t use the resources or
build points it promised to its treaty partner. Its partner
can still use the resources/build points it promised.
In addition, if Japan or the USA violate their initial trade
agreement prior to its being canceled, even if due to the
actions of a third party, then add the result of one die roll
to the US entry value of the major power that violated the
agreement. When playing with WiFFE, add two US entry
chits to the Japanese entry pool if they are in default.
Subtract two US entry chits if the USA is in default, if
there aren’t enough chits to remove then subtract 10 from
Japan’s US entry total.
If either partner of the trade agreement is neutral then:
-
a party cannot voluntarily take any action that
would directly violate a trade agreement (e.g. not
moving enough naval points into a sea area); and
-
the party that violated a trade agreement must at
its first available opportunity re-establish the
trade agreement. This includes being forced to
reassign naval points or building them if
necessary.
When playing with WiFFE, if at any time a neutral major
power does not have sufficient convoy points in position
to meet its obligations, then it can only take combined (or
naval if allowed) actions and even then may only move
convoy points during the naval step until it has met its
obligations.
To put a trade agreement in place, you both negotiate
trading resources and/or oil (if playing with 15.4 or
WiFFE 13.5.1 Oil - option 48) for build points.
In order for a trade agreement to exist, goods must be
promised, at least in one direction, from one major power
to another. You cannot have a nothing for nothing trade
agreement.
If playing with 15.4 or WiFFE 13.5.1 Oil - option 48 the
limit on the number of oil resources that can be
exchanged is half the limit on resources. You may trade
half the limit in oil and the other half in regular resources.
You cannot trade away specific on map resources or build
points from specific factories. When resources and
factories of a major power are captured or isolated, the
last resources and build points from factories taken are
those traded to another major power.
The most resources or build points you can trade to
another major power for each level of treaty signed is
indicated on the ‘may trade’ row of the treaty chart.
If the two major powers signing the treaty do not have a
written agreement prior to the treaty being signed (by the
play of MP 0 (f)) and are unable to come to terms, the
major power which played its MP 3 this turn can demand
up to the maximum of resources (oil & other) or build
points. In return, the other major power gets the
maximum amount possible of the item not demanded. In
this situation each receiver is responsible for overseas
transport of the goods received.
The major power that played its MP 3 may also refuse to
install a trade agreement in which case neither side gets
anything.
When you are playing with WiFFE, the combined
maximum amount of build points traded and lend leased
to is subject to WiFFE 13.6.4.
Other Conditions: When signing any level treaty, you
may set up any conditions, as long as they are written and
approved by both major powers, where the political
actions or political state (neutral or at war with a major
power) of one partner will cause a change in the trade
agreement. You cannot set up conditions based solely on
a third party’s actions.
These conditions could allow control of a minor’s
territories (not its home country) to be reverted to the
other, after conquest. Upon transference of the territory
any army or navy points (WiFFE: units) now illegally in
your treaty partner's transferred territory are moved to the
nearest territory (WiFFE: hex) they are allowed to be in.
Conditions relating to resources and build points cannot
be breached. If either party breaches any other conditions,
their partner has a casus bellum (until the two parties sign
another treaty) even if the condition is again satisfied in
the future.
Example: Germany and the Soviet Union have a trade
agreement whereby Germany is giving the Soviet Union 2
build points in exchange for 2 oil and 5 other resources.
As a condition of their agreement, for each minor country
that Germany aligns that has a border with the Soviet
Union, the number of resources being sent to Germany is
reduced by 1 starting with the non-oil resources.
They could also agree that Eastern Poland is to be given
to the Soviet Union after any German conquest of Poland
and that Germany will not declare war on any other
minor country adjacent to the Soviet Union. If Germany
were to breach either of these two conditions, the Soviet
Union would have a casus bellum against Germany until
Germany and the Soviet Union again sign a treaty.
US 3 - USA Treaties
The USA may not sign a level 3
treaty unless it is at war with a major power.
The USA may not use the special level 3 treaty counter
declaration of war rule (see 8.7.2 MP 3) unless she also
satisfies 8.7.2 US 4.
The USA may lend lease resources and build points
without being at war with a major power. The USA may
lend up to 5 resources a turn to a level one or better
partner, and/or up to 5 build points to a level 2 or better
partner (and China from level 1) that is at war with a
major power.
The sum of resources and/or build points given, either by
trade agreement or by lend lease, to any particular treaty
partner while the USA is neutral, may not exceed 5 each
per turn.
The USA may not use its naval points (WiFFE: convoy
points) to ship resources or build points, either by trade
agreements or lend lease, to any major power (except
China) unless the USA is at war with a major power that
the receiver is also at war with (exception: see 15.10).
The USA may always use its naval points (WiFFE:
convoy points) to receive resources or build points.
CH 3 - China Treaties
A Democratic Nationalist China
may not make a level 3 treaty with any major power
unless she currently has a level 3 treaty with the USA or
the USA is no longer a democracy (see 15.3).
When playing with WiFFE, Nationalist China may only
build one aircraft unit (see 16.1.2 and 16.9) until they
have made a treaty with the USA.
MP 4 – ITS WAR!
This option may be played in one of
two ways, to either close passages or to declare war on a
major power or minor country.
Close Passages
You may only play this option if you are at your
maximum peacetime PML or higher. After playing this
option, passage through any restricted waterway that you
control (see 9.2.1 or WiFFE 11.4.4) may be denied to
any target major power’s naval points (WiFFE: units)
with which you do not have a treaty and are not in your
ideology. Your (level 3) treaty partners, unless similarly
restricted, may still transport your units and provide
supply across restricted waterways.
The cost, minor country and US entry effects for closing
passages are half that of a declaration of war against the
target major power.
Declaring War
You may not declare war on a major power in your
ideology.
You may not declare war on a major power you have a
level 2 treaty with, unless you have a Casus Bellum or are
using the level 3 treaty counter declaration of war rule
(see 8.7.2 MP 3).
If you have a non-aggression pact with another major
power you may not declare war unless you are capable of
breaking the pact (see 14.), or are using the level 3 treaty
counter declaration of war rule (see 8.7.2 MP 3).
Each major power has additional restrictions on when and
how they may declare war, see the individual major
powers’ option 4 below.
You may declare war on any number of countries with the
play of one option. You pay the monetary cost of the card
once for each declaration. You apply the minor country
effects and the US entry effects of the card only once (per
play of option 4). You apply the US entry of the war chart
for each declaration.
You apply the minor country effects of the war chart for
each declaration of war (except against multiple Central
American countries if playing with the America in
Flames map). You may not make any additional
declarations if it would drive your money below your
credit limit.
If you are playing with WiFFE, you delay the
declaration(s) of war until the start of any of your
impulses and then apply the effects (minor country, PE
adjustments, US entry, etc.). You may still announce
whom you are going to declare war against during the
political step to prevent other major powers from playing
IPO 3 or IPO 12 on the minor(s). If you do this you must
declare war on the minor(s) you named in the political
step on your first impulse. During the turn you may still
make additional declarations, subject to your credit limit.
When you play your option 4 to declare war, you may not
activate a minor country (see 8.5) this turn.
If you declare war on a major power, its PM is raised (if
not already higher) to the PM containing the name of the
major power declaring war (e.g. Germany declares war
on France in 1939, France’s PM is immediately increases
to 3/4).
If you declare war on a major power, your treaty level(s)
with it is automatically cancelled without any IPO play.
There is no additional cost, US entry or minor country
effects for treaties cancelled in this way.
If you declare war on a major power, their political
effectiveness increases by 1 (the USA’s increases by 2),
unless it is the result of a level 3 treaty counter
declaration of war (see 8.7.2 MP 3).
While at war with a major power you automatically close
passages.
When playing with WiFFE, a neutral major power may
declare any type of impulse on the first impulse of war
with a minor country that is guaranteed by or allied to a
major power in another ideology. Furthermore, each ship
moved does not count as a separate naval move, in that
impulse.
Declaring war on a minor country
You may not declare war on a minor that is aligned to
another major power, but a declaration of war on that
major power brings you to war with all its aligned minors
as well.
A major power may only declare war on a minor country
which has another major powers’ forces in it if:
a) all the major powers’ units in the minor are at
war with the minor; or
b) the major power attempting to declare war is
already at war with all major powers whose units
are in the minor, except those belonging to major
powers at war with the minor; or
c) war occurs by Soviet Border Rectification (see
8.7.2 RU 4); or
d) war occurs by the Monroe Doctrine (see 8.7.2
US 8).
A major power may not declare war on a minor country
unless an army point (WiFFE: a unit) under the major
power’s control is legally able to enter or attack a territory
(WiFFE: hex) that the minor controls.
A major power may also declare war on a minor country,
disregarding any preconditions, on the following turn
(WiFFE: next impulse) if the major power is attacked by
army/navy points (WIFFE: units) in the minor country.
If you declare war on a minor country you are allied to or
have guaranteed, you suffer the PE loss and minor effects
(see 8.7.1 IPO 3 and IPO 12) immediately, not when the
minor is conquered.
After suffering the effects of declaring war on a minor
country, cancel all the alliance, guarantees and economic
agreements you have with the minor, if any.
If you declare war on a minor country fighting a civil
war, the government and rebels call a cease fire (which
will end if the major power comes to peace with the
minor). They may not cooperate together, but both will
fight you.
When a minor country has been declared war on (even
one in a civil war), a major power must be allocated to
direct the minor country and its forces (WiFFE: including
its partisans).
The directing major power must be from another ideology
to the major power declaring war that (in order):
a) controls the minor (see 8.1.2);
b) is allied to the minor;
c) is at war with the major power declaring war;
d) is closest to it on the Status Display; or
e) has the lowest initiative.
A major power may decline to direct a minor country in
which case another major power is selected, using the
above criteria, to direct the minor. If all the major powers
capable of directing the minor decline to do so, the minor
then becomes completely conquered by the major power
declaring war on it.
If the major power directing the minor country comes to,
or is already at, war with the major power declaring war,
the minor country may be immediately aligned (see 8.7.1
IPO 5) by the directing major power even if the directing
major power is ineligible to control the minor country, the
minor country is hostile, has alliances to other major
powers and/or its political marker is not stacked with the
directing major power. This occurs as if the major power
played IPO 5, without having to play IPO 5 or implement
any of its other effects (monetary cost, US entry and
minor effects).
A major power that gains political control (see 8.1.2) of a
directed (rather than aligned) minor country may itself
elect to direct the minor country instead of the currently
directing major power.
More than one major power may be at war with a minor
country at the same time (see Conquest 12.).
If the directing major power itself declares war on the
minor country, a new directing major power is chosen
using the procedure specified above, unless all major
powers are now at war with the minor country.
The directing major power now sets up the minor country
units in the same manner as aligned minors (see 8.7.1 IPO
5).
See 9.2.1, 9.3.1 and 9.3.2 for movement restrictions on
unaligned minors. When playing with WiFFE, see 16.6
and WiFFE 19.3 instead.
See 10.5 for production of unaligned minors. When
playing with WiFFE, see also 16.9.
A major power may declare peace between its directed
minor and the major power at war with it if the major
power at war with the minor:
a) controls no offensives into (WiFFE: hexes of) any
territory originally belonging to the minor; and
b) did not perform an attack against the minor’s forces
(WiFFE: units, including notional units) this turn.
If peace is declared and the minor is no longer at war,
then remove from the map all the minor’s army and navy
points. Record these values as the minor’s new army and
navy point current year totals.
When playing with WiFFE, and you move (or already
have) your forces inside a directed minor country (see
8.1.4, RU 4 and US 8), your forces are subject to the
multiple states of war rule (see WiFFE 9.9).
Casus Bellum/Casus Belli
A casus bellum (reason for war) is a prerequisite for the
Commonwealth and France to declare war on another
major power (see CW 4 and FR 4).
It also serves to reduce the garrison ratio required to
break a non-aggression pact (see 14.) and allows you to
declare war on a major power you have a level 1 or 2
treaty with.
Finally, if you have one or more casus belli against a
major power, apply half the US entry of the card and the
war chart for declaring war on it.
A major power has a casus bellum against another major
power if army/navy points that started the turn in the
other major power’s controlled territory attack it. The
casus bellum exists through the end of the political step of
the next turn.
When playing with WiFFE A major power has a casus
bellum versus another major power if a hex or unit of the
major power is attacked (including the initiation of a
naval search) or moved into by any unit that started the
impulse in the other major power’s controlled territory.
The casus bellum exists through the end of the major
power’s first impulse of the next turn.
You can also gain one or more casus belli against a major
power by it declaring war on an allied (see 8.7.1 IPO 3)
or guaranteed (see 8.7.1 IPO 12) minor country, spying
(see 8.7.1 IPO 9), imposing a League of Nations ‘Enough
is enough’ sanction (see 8.7.1 IPO 16), declaring war on a
treaty partner (see 8.7.2 MP 3) or Recognising the
Ukraine (see 8.7.2 GE 11).
Reactionary War (WiFFE only)
When playing with WiFFE, you may declare war (or
demand borderlands), during the WiFFE declaration of
war step, without having played your MP 4, JA 6, or US
8 option during the political step. You still must satisfy all
requirements to declare war (including political initiative
position requirements).
You must not owe an election and you (or your level 2 or
3 treaty partners) must still be able to pay all monetary
costs at the time you declare war (see 10.2 spending). All
costs, political and US entry effects, based on the option
being invoked, are applied when you declare war.
If you declare war without having played the appropriate
option in this political step, you must choose MP 4 as
your sole option in the next, and continue to do so in
future turns, until you successfully play it.
If you again declare war while still owing an MP 4, you
repeat the above (paying the cost, political and US entry
effects). You will need to play your MP 4 twice (or more)
in future political steps until all owed MP 4s are
successfully played, before you may choose any other
option to play.
GE 4 - Germany Declares War
Germany may only
declare war on a major power if:
a) she has a casus bellum against it; or
b) her PM is 3/4 or higher; or
c) a level 3 treaty partner is declared war on (see
8.7.2 MP 3).
Germany may declare war on a minor country if her PM
is 3/4 or higher.
IT 4 - Italy Declares War
Italy may only declare war on
a major power if:
a) she has a casus bellum against it; or
b) her PM is 3/4 or higher and her political
initiative is less than the target; or
c) a level 3 treaty partner is declared war on (see
8.7.2 MP 3).
Italy may only declare war on a minor country if she has a
political initiative less than or equal to the minor’s
willpower and less than every major power allied to it.
JA 4 - Japan Declares War
Japan may only declare war
on a major power if:
a) she has a casus bellum against it; or
b) she has previously played JA 8; or
c) she is declaring war on China by playing JA 6;
or
d) a level 3 treaty partner is declared war on (see
8.7.2 MP 3).
Japan may only declare war on a minor if she has
previously played JA 8, or the minor has no alliances, or
Japan has a lower political initiative than every major
power allied to the minor.
RU 4 - The Soviet Union Declares War
The Soviet
Union may only declare war on a major power if:
a) RU 6 has been played in a prior turn; and
b) the Soviet Union has a common border (see 14.)
with it; and
c) the Soviet Union has a 3:2 garrison ratio (see
14.) on that common border.
This minimum garrison ratio is unaffected by time
(WiFFE: and garrison entry chits). If the Soviet Union
has a casus bellum or is the only major power not at war
with another major power (excluding completely
conquered major powers) then the minimum ratio is
reduced to 1:1. If both apply, the ratio is reduced to 1:2.
This minimum ratio is in addition to the garrison ratio
imposed by a non-aggression pact (see 14.).
If the Soviet Union declares war on China, then while
they are at war, China controls the Communist Chinese
army points (WiFFE: units).
The Soviet Union may only declare war on a minor
country while at war with Germany or if RU 6 has been
played previously.
Apart from border rectification disputes (see below) the
Soviet Union may only declare war on a minor country
allied to another major power if the Soviet Union’s
political initiative is lower than all the major powers
allied to the minor.
Demand Border Rectification
The Soviet Union may also play MP 4 to make land
claims against Rumania, Poland and/or Finland. The
Soviet Union does not need to play RU option 6 to make
land claims, but would need to have played it in order to
go to war if the claims are denied.
A land claim may not be made against a minor country
that is at war, aligned or completely conquered.
Multiple land claims may be made with the play of one
option. The monetary cost of each claim is 3.
When playing with WiFFE, the Soviet Union may play
this option at the beginning of one of her impulses as a
Reactionary War option (see above).
In Poland’s case Germany makes the decision to accept or
deny the land claim and would direct Poland against the
Soviet Union in case they go to war. If Germany goes to
war with Poland while directing her, then the control of
Poland is changed as per 8.7.2 MP 4.
In Rumania and Finland’s case, when a land claim has
been made, the major power controlling the minor, or if
none, the major power who would direct it if a war starts,
must decide whether to accept the claim or not.
If the minor allows the claim then the territory in dispute
is transferred to Soviet control. For Rumania it is
Bessarabia; and for Poland it is Eastern Poland; and for
Finland it is considered to be 1 offensive into Finland.
When playing with WiFFE, use the areas marked as such
on the WiFFE map.
If the minor allows the claim, the US entry effect is equal
to the treaty chart. Finally, place a Soviet –5 marker in the
minor country.
If Rumania allows the claim, then Bessarabia becomes
part of the Soviet home country until the Soviet Union no
longer controls it (WiFFE: until the Soviet Union
controls no hex in Bessarabia). At that point, Bessarabia
again becomes part of Rumania.
If Rumania allows the claim then Germany must have
played GE 13 or GE 14 before she may play IPO 5 on
Rumania, Hungary or Bulgaria. Germany may still align
these countries as a result of control (see 8.1.4) without
having played GE 13 or 14.
If the minor refuses the claim and the Soviet Union has
played RU 6 (Purge), the Soviet Union may go to limited
war with the minor.
If the Soviet Union backs down and does not declare
limited war then she may not make another land claim
versus that minor. Place a Soviet –1 marker in the minor
country. There is no US entry effect.
If the Soviet Union declares a limited war on the minor,
the US entry and minor effects are half those of a normal
declaration of war. There is no additional monetary cost.
If you are playing with WiFFE, the Soviet Union delays
the declaration of limited war, or of backing down, until
the start of any of her impulses. Upon declaring, apply the
effects (minor country, PE adjustments, US entry, etc…).
If the Soviet Union fails to declare limited war by the end
of the turn, then she has automatically backed down, and
applies all such effects.
Limited war with the minor is identical to war with the
minor except that the controlling or directing major power
can surrender the disputed claim area and force peace
with the Soviet Union if during any peace step:
a) no offensives have been gained in any territory
belonging to the minor’s home country other
than in the disputed territory, or in Finland’s
case no more than one offensive has been gained
into Finland (WiFFE: No hex in the minor,
outside the disputed territory, is Soviet
controlled); and
b) the controlling or directing major power is not at
war with the Soviet Union.
CW 4 - Commonwealth Declares War
The
Commonwealth may only declare war on a major power
if:
a) she has a casus bellum against it; or
b) a level 3 treaty partner is declared war on (see
8.7.2 MP 3).
The Commonwealth may only declare war on a minor
country if she has the first political initiative, or if the
minor is allied to another major power and the
Commonwealth has a lower political initiative than every
major power allied to it.
FR 4 - France Declares War
France may only declare
war on a major power if:
a) she has a casus bellum against it; or
b) a level 3 treaty partner is declared war on (see
8.7.2 MP 3).
France may only declare war on a minor country if it is
allied to a major power, and France has a lower political
initiative than every major power allied to it.
CH 4 - China Declares War
China may only declare
war on a major power if:
a) she has a lower political initiative and a casus
bellum against it. Furthermore, China may only
declare war on the Soviet Union after option CH
7 or RU 7 has been played; or
b) a level 3 treaty partner is declared war on (see
8.7.2 MP 3).
If China declares war on a Communist Soviet Union then
the Soviet Union maintains control of Communist
Chinese army points (WiFFE: units). When playing with
WiFFE: Communist China and the Soviet Union co-
operate if China declares war on a Communist Soviet
Union.
China may only declare war on a minor country if she has
a political initiative less than or equal to the minor’s
willpower and less than every major power allied to it.
US 4 - The USA Declares War
The US may only
declare war on a Vichy major power if it has a casus
bellum against it. The US may only declare war on
another major power if its modified US entry effect
against that major power is 80 or higher.
If the US does not have 65 naval points (when playing
with WiFFE use the requirements defined in WiFFE
13.3.2 US entry option 26) stationed in Hawaii, then the
US needs a modified total of 100 or higher in order to
declare war on China, the Commonwealth, the Soviet
Union or Japan.
The modified total against a major power depends on the
ideology of the major power being declared war on (the
target):
Fascism = Target major power’s US Entry + 1/2 all other
fascists - US - 1/2 all other major powers.
Communism = Target major power + 1/2 all other
communists - US.
Democrat = Target major power - US + 1/2 all other
democrats - 1/2 all other major powers.
Example: It is Nov/Dec 1939 and Germany has a total
US Entry of +32, Italy +26, Japan +25, the Soviet Union
+18, CW +12, France +10, China +4 and the US +8.
The US desires to declare war on the Fascists, and as
Germany has the largest Fascist total, the US player
realizes that Germany will be the first Fascist she will be
able to declare war on and thus decides to calculate the
net German total = 32 + (26+25)/2 - 8 -
(18+12+10+4)/2 = 32 + 25.5 -8 -22 = 27.5. The US has
a ways to go to reach that magic number of 90.
A major power’s US entry total is not factored into the
US entry computation if that major power is in the neutral
zone, has been completely conquered or has
unconditionally surrendered.
The USA may declare war on certain minors by playing
US 8.
The USA may otherwise only declare war on a minor
country if the minor is allied to another major power and
the USA is at war with that major power and the USA has
a political initiative lower than every major power allied
to the minor.
MP 5 - Surrender
This is the option you play if you
want to surrender to a major power. You may not
surrender to a minor country but may come to peace with
it (see 8.7.1 IPO 16 and 8.7.2 MP 4).
You may not activate a minor on the turn you play MP 5.
When you surrender to a major power you must surrender
to every major power that has combined war aims with it.
There is no additional monetary cost, US entry or minor
effect for surrendering to multiple major powers.
There area four ways you can play the surrender option.
Unconditional Surrender
If you unconditionally surrender you are completely
conquered and out of the game until liberated (see 8.7.1
IPO 6).
All your forces are removed from the game. All your
territories are controlled by a major power you
surrendered to who has the most army and navy points
(WiFFE: unit’s build point value) in that territory (the
major power with the lowest initiative gaining control if
equal) or nearest to that territory if no aggressor units
actually occupy the territory.
Now reduce your PE by 1 (by 2 for the USA) for each
major power surrendered to. Each major power that you
surrendered to may add 1 PE.
See also 12.3 for other effects of complete conquest.
Conditional Surrender
Conditional surrenders are negotiated settlements
between major powers at war. Acceptable terms of a
conditional surrender may include:
-
ceding control of home country territories, colonies,
controlled and/or conquered minors (WiFFE: and
hexes);
-
adjusting the garrison ratio in a non-aggression pact
(see 14.);
-
paying reparations in the form of a trade agreement
(but with no reciprocating resources or build points
from the victor), limited as if a level one treaty was in
place (see 8.7.2 MP 3);
-
promising to play or not play particular options
within specific time periods;
-
opening or closing restricted waterways (see 8.7.2
MP 4) to specific major powers;
-
trading extra political effectiveness, on a one for one
ratio (even returning the ‘automatic’ loss/gain so
neither major power gains or loses a PE);
-
extending the restriction on declaring war after
signing a non aggression pact to up to double the
normal period (see 14.); and/or
-
restricting the installing major power’s play of IPO
14 against the surrendering major power (note this
does not restrict any third parties).
If, for whatever reason, any of these conditions are agreed
to and not met, the victor has a casus bellum with the
surrendering major power while that condition remains
unmet.
A major power accepts the offer of conditional surrender
by playing its MP 0(f) during option play of the current
turn. Only one country need play 0(f) if surrendering to
several major powers due to combined war aims (see
8.7.1 IPO 13), though all of those countries must agree to
the terms for 0(f) to be played.
If you conditional surrender is accepted, reduce your PE
by 1 (by 2 for the USA) for each major power
surrendered to. Each major power that you surrendered to
increases its PE by 1.
You are now at peace with all the countries you
successfully surrendered to, and a non-aggression pact is
established (see 14) with them. Remove all offensives
into each other’s territories. See 12.3 for the other effects
of peace.
Incomplete Conquest
If you control less than half the factories in your home
country (or at least 1 offensive if your home country has
no factories), you may play your MP5 to declare yourself
incompletely conquered.
If you do, destroy all forces in your home country at war
with any enemy major power that has offensives into your
home country. If playing with WiFFE, see WiFFE 13.7.1
instead.
The conquering major power(s) now gain additional
offensives into your home country in proportion to their
current offensives there (this only matters in determining
who will control your remaining factories and resources
in your home country).
Example: Germany controls North France and has 2
offensives into South France. Italy controls Savoy and has
1 offensive into South France.
France now controls less than half her factories and
plays MP5 to become incompletely conquered. South
France requires 4 offensives to be conquered. The
Fascists have, in total 3 offensives there. Both Germany
and France increase their offensives by 33%, giving
Germany 3 (2.67 rounded up) and Italy 1 (1.33 rounded
down), thus Germany gains control of the red factory in
South France.
If playing with WiFFE, control of all home country hexes
you still control goes instead to the major power with the
nearest in-supply unit to the hex (lowest political
initiative if tied).
See 12.3 for the other effects of incomplete conquest.
Vichy Surrender
If you do not control your home country’s capital (The
UK’s capital in the case of the Commonwealth), you may
play MP 5 as a Vichy Surrender. If you do, you must
offer it to every major power at war with you.
Unless the enemy major powers have combined war aims
against you (see 8.7.1 IPO 13), they must accept your
Vichy Surrender. Even if they do have combined war
aims, they may still accept your offer provided they all
agree. They do not need to play their MP 0(f) to accept.
Reduce your PE by 1 (by 2 for the USA) for each major
power surrendered to. Each major power that you
surrendered to increases its PE by 1.
A new (Vichy) major power is created. It consists of the
remainder of the home country that you still control. This
territory becomes the Vichy’s home country.
Now roll for the control of every other territory you
control. If you roll more than 3 it becomes Vichy
controlled. Subtract 1 from the die for each area this
territory is away from your home country. Add 1 to the
die for each 4 army/navy points (WiFFE: unit, each SiF
unit counting half) you have in that territory. These
modifiers are cumulative.
You retain control of all your other territories (and, in the
case of the Commonwealth, all your other home countries
and territories they control).
All enemy major powers retain control of their offensives
(WiFFE: hexes), into your territory (including your home
country). They lose all their offensives into other Vichy
territories (WiFFE: and their units are moved to the
nearest friendly controlled hex).
You must now choose one of those territories (or, in the
case of the CW, one of your other home nations you still
control) to be your new home country. You are still at
war with all major powers you were at war with before
the Vichy surrender and play on as normal.
Example: London is German controlled. The CW player
plays her MP 5 to Vichy surrender the Commonwealth.
Germany retains all her offensives into Britain. Vichy
Commonwealth controls Northern Ireland and the
remainder of Britain.
The CW player rolls for all other territories (excluding
Australia, Canada, India etc.). Egypt has 4 CW APs and
7 CW NPs so 2 is added to the die roll Egypt is 3 areas
from Britain. The CW player rolls a 3 modified to 4.
Egypt becomes Vichy CW territory. Italy loses her
offensive into Egypt.
After all territories have been allocated, the CW player
chooses Australia as the United Kingdom’s new home
country, vowing eternal revenge against Germany.
If you now control no territories, you are out of the game
until liberated (see 8.7.1 IPO 6).
Vichy units
Each major power may now destroy all your forces in
territories it controls. If they do, Vichy France becomes
hostile to that major power.
The major power occupying your capital now moves all
your surviving army and naval points not in Vichy or
your controlled territory, to the nearest Vichy territory.
Now halve the Army points in each Vichy territory. The
remaining forces in Vichy territory are Vichy controlled.
Running Vichy
The Vichy major power is controlled by the major power
controlling your former capital (in the above example,
Germany).
The Vichy major power is in the ideology of its
controlling major power. It starts at peace with all major
powers. It does not participate in the political step. It
does not have a vote in the League of Nations. Its PM is
one less level than its controlling major power’s.
It may only declare war on hostile major powers. It may
do so without cost or the play of any option.
A Vichy Country becomes hostile to any major power
that destroyed its units at set up or has one or more
offensives (WiFFE: units) into the Vichy home country.
All major powers at war with the Vichy’s controlling
major power have a casus bellum against it.
Any major power may declare war on a Vichy major
power by playing their MP 4. The US entry effect is that
of declaring war on the original country (which may be
halved due to a casus bellum). The minor country effects
for declaring war on a Vichy major power are half those
of declaring war on the original country. The monetary
cost is the same as declaring war on any other major
power.
While at war, the Vichy major power is aligned to its
controlling major power.
If the Vichy major power is neutral, up to 10 army points
of the controlling major power may base in each Vichy
territory. If it is at war and there is at least one enemy
offensive into a territory, then an unlimited number of the
controlling major power’s army points may base in that
territory. If it is at war and hostile to any major power
then the controlling major power may have an unlimited
number of army and naval points in any territory.
The Vichy major power may use its resources and
factories to produce Vichy naval points (not army points).
It may also lend lease build points to the controlling
major power if it is hostile to any major power. It may
save build points.
Vichy Collapse
Any major power in the Vichy’s ideology may collapse it
without playing an option. The major power does so by
moving one of their units into the Vichy home country
and announcing Vichy collapse. If a major power does so
while there are no enemy offensives into the Vichy home
country, the Vichy major power is automatically
collapsed.
Once collapsed, the Vichy home country no longer exists.
The Vichy home country becomes conquered by the
controlling major power. All other Vichy territories
become controlled by the major power with forces in the
territory (whoever has the most if more than one). You
control all other Vichy territories.
Destroy all Vichy army points in its home country and
any territory controlled by the ideology that collapsed
Vichy. One third of all Vichy navy points in all such
territories is destroyed, one third is controlled by the
collapsing major power and one third are moved by you
to the nearest territory you control.
You control all remaining (former) Vichy forces.
Liberating Vichy
If the original occupied home country is liberated (IPO 6)
Vichy Country ceases to exist and the original country is
once again a single major power. All its territory and
army/naval points (WiFFE: units) are now controlled by
you.
Combat with Vichy
If Vichy forces are involved in combat against solely non-
hostile major powers, half the committed Vichy points,
before combat resolution, are destroyed.
If playing with WiFFE, then where the above rules
conflict with WiFFE 17., follow it instead, in the same
manner for the major power surrendering, as happens to
France in WiFFE, making all substitutions as above (e.g.
Vichy home country for Metropolitan Vichy France,
minor country or all territories on a map for
administration group, you for Free France, etc).
You may still only co-operate with other major powers in
your ideology by signing a level 3 treaty with them.
Optional rule 8.7.2 FR 5.1: (Forcing Vichy France) While
Paris is enemy controlled, that major power may install
Vichy France. They do this by playing FR 5. They may
not play FR 5 this turn if France has already played it
successfully this turn.
The installing major power pays the cost of FR 5, but the
rest of the effects are as if France had played it. France’s
go is skipped for the remainder of this political step
(except for rolling to end the step).
Example: Germany is at war with France and controls
Paris. During this turn’s political step Germany plays FR
5, paying the cost. All the effects are applied as if France
had played FR 5. Germany activates a minor, then rolls
for the end of the step. It doesn’t. France’s go is next and
it is skipped except for France’s roll to end this turn’s
political step.
CH 5 (a) - Surrender Nationalist China: China may
also play this option to surrender Nationalist China to the
Communist Chinese. It may only be played during a
Chinese Civil war. Playing CH 5(a) does not generate any
US entry, minor effects or political effectiveness shifts.
See 8.7.2 RU 7 & 12.3 for the effects of surrender.
RU 5 (a) - Surrender Communist China: The Soviet
Union may also play this option to surrender Communist
China to the Nationalist Chinese. It may only be played
during a Chinese Civil war. Playing RU 5(a) does not
generate any US entry, minor effects or political
effectiveness shifts. See 8.7.2 RU 7 & 12.3 for the effects
of surrender.
GE 6 - Occupy Rhineland
Germany can only play this
option if France is not currently occupying the Rhineland
and if Germany’s initiative position is lower than
France’s.
After being played, you gain immediate control of the
Rhineland as part of your home country (you can place
reinforcements there). You also now control all the
Rhineland’s resources and factories. All French alliances
with Belgium are broken - remove the French markers
under Belgium’s political marker.
If France or the Commonwealth come to war with
Germany, she may occupy the Rhineland without playing
this option. If she does so, GE 6 may never be played.
IT 6 - French Land Grab
Italy may only play this
option if her PM is 3/4 or higher, her initiative is less than
France’s and France is not Vichied or conquered.
If Italy controls Savoy (WiFFE: all coastal hexes
between Marseilles and the Italian border inclusive) this
option automatically succeeds.
If Italy plays this option and does not control all of Savoy
then France may accept this proposal by playing FR 7 this
turn.
If Italy doesn’t control all of Savoy and France fails to
accept the offer, this option may be selected again, until
the option is fulfilled either by French acceptance or
Italian control of Savoy. The cost, US entry and minor
effects are all implemented immediately upon the play of
this option even if the offer fails.
Once successfully played, France must cede control of
Savoy, Corsica and Tunisia (if French controlled) to Italy.
France and Italy are now at peace and there is a non-
aggression pact between them. Italy and France remove
all offensives (WiFFE: return control of all hexes) in
each other’s controlled countries (WiFFE: moving all
their units in those countries to the nearest hex in which
they can stack).
France must provide Italy with one resource a turn as a
trade agreement, until her original home country is
conquered or Vichied or she is at war with Italy again.
If Marseilles is now Italian controlled, its factory is red
(WiFFE: even if already moved).
JA 6 - Peking Bridge Incident
Japan may only play this
option if either Japan’s initiative is less than China’s or
Japan has previously played JA 8.
Increase China’s PML to 0.25 if not already. However,
China does not increase her political effectiveness, and
Japan does get to activate a minor.
Playing this option puts Japan in a limited war with China
(WiFFE: you are at war with China). This is considered
war for all purposes except that the winner of each battle
receives only one-fifth of the usual number of offensives
(WiFFE: and Japan (not China) is still restricted by
WiFFE 9.1 for the first 12 turns of war, unless at war
with another major power in the meantime).
When playing with WiFFE, you may play this option at
the beginning of one of your impulses as a Reactionary
War option (see 8.7.2 MP 4). If you play this option
during the political step, you must declare (limited) war
on China on your first impulse this turn. In either case
you apply the effects (minor country, US entry, etc…) at
the time war is declared.
RU 6 – Purge
The Soviet Union may not play this
option if she is at war with Germany. When playing with
WiFFE, the Tukhachevsky HQ and 3 Soviet INF units
must be in the Soviet Union.
Playing this option increases the Soviet Union’s political
effectiveness by 2. Remove 17 army points. When
playing with WiFFE remove the Tukhachevsky HQ (and
leader if playing with LiF) from the game and destroy the
3 best on map Soviet INF. The Yeremenko HQ is now
added to the Soviet force pool from 1940 onwards.
CW 6 - Back the Czechs
The Commonwealth can only
play this option if GE 8 (Demand Sudetenland) has been
played this turn. France must also play FR 0(f) in support
this turn for this option to be successful.
If CW 6 is successfully played, none of the effects in the
Effects section of GE 8 are applied. Germany cannot
replay GE 8. Czechoslovakia is now guaranteed by
France and the Commonwealth.
FR 6 - Occupy the Rhineland
France can only play this
option if Germany has not played GE 6 (Occupy
Rhineland), and France’s initiative position is lower than
Germany’s
After being played, France gains immediate control of the
Rhineland. To show this, immediately move any number
of French APs (WiFFE: land units) into the Rhineland.
Move any German APs (WiFFE: units) into the nearest
German controlled territory.
France now controls all the Rhineland’s factories and
resources. Note only the red factories in the Rhineland
count for France’s production.
All German alliances with Belgium are broken. Remove
any German markers under Belgium’s political marker.
France’s occupation is considered withdrawn
immediately upon there being no French forces in the
territory. This does not require the play of an option.
In addition to the US entry effect stated on the card there
is an additional ‘+3’ US entry effect every turn France
occupies the Rhineland while not at war with Germany.
CH 6 - Modernize Army
China may only play this
option if her initiative position is less than both the Soviet
Union’s and Japan’s. The USA must also play her US 0(f)
this turn in support for this option to be successful
(consider the monetary cost and US entry to be black
filled).
If played successfully, add 15 Nationalist Chinese army
points in the next production step.
When playing with WiFFE add all Nationalist Chinese
land units dated for the following year to your force pool
now and place 2 Nationalist Chinese INF on the
production circle as if purchased this turn. Treat the force
pool entry date for all land units as if the date is one year
less than the printed date.
When playing with WiFFE 11.16.5 Option 40 (Chinese
attack weakness) the combat values of Chinese
Nationalist units are not halved while attacking if either:
a) At least half of the attacking units are Chinese white
print units; or
b) China plays an offensive chit in a land step. China is
still entitled to all the benefits of playing the
offensive chit.
US 6 - Revise Neutrality Act
The USA can only play
this option if she is not at war with another major power.
The USA can use this option to either pass or veto the
Neutrality Act. The USA may not veto the Neutrality Act,
if doing so would cause her modified political
effectiveness to be below zero.
If the USA passes the act, increase her political
effectiveness by one. All future US entry effects
(everyone’s) are reduced by 1 (min 0). E.g. –3 becomes –
2, and +5 becomes +4.
If you veto the act, reduce your political effectiveness by
one. All future US entry effects (everyone’s) are
increased by one, except that a 0 remains a 0. E.g. –3
becomes –4, and +5 becomes +6.
Multiple plays of US 6 have cumulative effects.
GE 7 – Anschluss
Germany can only play this option if:
a) Italy has not played her option 7; and
b) Germany’s PM is 3/4 or higher; and
c) Germany’s initiative position is less than every
major power allied to Austria; and
d) Austria is not at war (incl. civil war), conquered,
nor aligned by any major power.
After playing this option Austria becomes part of the
German home country. When playing with WiFFE
Austria no longer has an independent partisan value (see
WiFFE 13.1).
Germany receives 7 army points in Austria (if playing
with WiFFE 1 INF and 1 MTN unit, if available, arrive
as German reinforcements next turn).
IT 7 - Italian Anschluss
Italy can only play this option
if:
a) Germany has not played her option 7; and
b) Italy’s PM is 3/4 or higher; and
c) Italy’s initiative position is less than every major
power allied to Austria; and
d) Austria is not at war (incl. civil war), conquered,
nor aligned by any major power.
After playing this option, Austria becomes part of the
Italian home country. When playing with WiFFE Austria
no longer has an independent partisan value (see WiFFE
13.1).
Italy receives 7 army points in Austria (if playing with
WiFFE 1 INF and 1 MTN unit, if available, arrive as
Italian reinforcements next turn).
JA 7 - Manchuria Abandoned
Japan can only play this
option if JA 8 has not been played and her initiative
position is higher than China’s.
Reduce Japan’s PE by 1.
Japanese controlled Manchuria and China is now
controlled by China. Move all Japanese army and navy
points (WiFFE: units) in these areas to the nearest
Japanese controlled territory (WiFFE: hex). When
playing with WiFFE, all Manchurian territorials are
added to the Chinese force pools, and all other Japanese
Manchurian units are removed from the game.
If Japan reconquers Manchuria she does not get to use the
blue factory. When playing with WiFFE, Japan would
then add the Manchurian territorials back into her force
pool immediately. Japan adds the MIL units to her force
pool once she control their respective cities.
RU 7 - Chinese Civil War
The Soviet Union may only
play this option if:
a) she has played RU 6 (purge); and
b) she has not played RU 8 or it has been 60 or
more turns since she played RU 8; and
c) Soviet PM is 1/2 or greater; and
d) China is not at war with another major power;
and
e) the Soviet Union’s initiative is less than half
China’s.
After playing this option, Communist and Nationalist
China are at war with each other. The Soviet Union
continues to control all Communist Chinese forces.
Nationalist China no longer builds Communist Chinese
APs. When playing with WiFFE all Communist Chinese
units are added to the Soviet force pool and Communist
and Nationalist forces no longer share supply sources.
If playing with option 15.4 or WiFFE 13.5.1, Communist
Chinese forces use Soviet oil, until the civil war is over.
Add the Communist Chinese resources and factories to
Soviet production. Nationalist and Communist China do
not gain any production multiple bonuses against each
other (see 10.1).
One in 4 (or part thereof) APs built by the Soviet Union,
to a maximum of 6, must be Communist Chinese APs.
Additionally, the Soviet Union may directly purchase 5
Communist APs each turn. In WiFFE their units are
produced at random along with the regular Soviet units,
until the civil war is over and Communist China is not
restricted from building aircraft.
If you are playing with WiFFE 11.16.5 option 40,
Nationalist Chinese units are not halved when attacking
any hex that contains a Communist Chinese unit.
If the Soviet Union declares war on China during the
Chinese civil war, the Civil war immediately ends. All
Communist Chinese APs (WiFFE: units) and production
reverts to Nationalist Chinese control. When playing with
WiFFE, all Communist units in the Soviet force pools are
placed into the Nationalist Chinese force pools.
If Nationalist China declares war on a Communist Soviet
Union, then the Soviet Union retains control of
Communist Chinese army points (WiFFE: units). When
playing with WiFFE: Communist China and the Soviet
Union co-operate if China declares war on a Communist
Soviet Union.
The Chinese civil war is over when one side is conquered
or surrenders (see 8.7.2 CH 5(a) and RU 5(a)).
If Communist China wins the civil war, China becomes a
Communist major power controlled by the Soviet player.
The Soviet Union must now place the Chinese political
marker in any hex next to it on the Status Display. All
treaty levels and trade agreements/reparations with China,
except any from the Soviet Union, are removed with no
monetary cost, US entry or minor effects. Do not adjust
China’s PE, or money. China retains her League of
Nation status.
When playing with WiFFE, after one side wins the Civil
War, all Chinese units are treated as the same nationality
(that of the victor) for all purposes. Place all the defeated
Chinese units into the victor’s force pools. All annual
additions to the force pools are treated as if they are of the
victor’s nationality. If Communist China has won the
civil war, remove Stilwell from the game.
CW 7 - Back Poland
The Commonwealth can only play
this option if Germany has played GE 10 (Demand
Danzig Corridor) this turn. France must also play FR 0(f)
this turn for this option to be successful.
If CW 7 is successfully played, none of the effects in the
Effects section of GE 10 are applied. Germany cannot
replay its option 10. Poland is now guaranteed by France
and the Commonwealth.
FR 7 - Italian Land Grab
France may only play this
option if Italy has already played IT 6 this turn, France
controls (WiFFE: any hex of) Savoy and France’s
original home country has not been conquered or Vichied.
See 8.7.2 IT 6 for the effects of this card.
CH 7 - Chinese Civil War
China may only play this
option if:
a) RU 8 has not played or it has been 60 or more
turns since RU 8 has been played; and
b) China’s initiative is less than half the Soviet
Union’s.
See 8.7.2 RU 7 for the effects of this card.
US 7 - Hawaii becomes the 49th State
The USA may
only play this option if her PM is 1/4 or higher and at
least half of her naval points (WiFFE: half the on map
US naval units in build points, excluding convoy points)
are located in Honolulu.
After playing this option, the Hawaiian islands are now
considered part of the US home country except for the
placement of reinforcements.
Naval point (WiFFE: naval unit, excluding convoy
points) reinforcements may only arrive outside Honolulu
while at least half the US naval points (WiFFE: half the
on map US naval units in build points, excluding convoy
points) are in Honolulu. Naval points (WiFFE: naval
units) in Honolulu may not move if such movement
would cause the restriction to be violated.
The required naval points (WiFFE: units) currently
located there are allowed to leave, and future
reinforcements are under no placement restrictions while
the US is at war with Japan, the Soviet Union or the
Commonwealth.
When the USA returns to peace with all these major
powers, the US may only choose naval moves and must
move as many naval points (WiFFE: naval units) as
required as quickly as possible to Pearl Harbor until the
restrictions are again satisfied.
GE 8 - Demand Sudetenland
Germany may only play
this option if her PM is 3/4 or higher and Czechoslovakia
is not in a civil war or conquered by, at war with, or
aligned by a major power.
If CW 6 or FR 8 is not played successfully this turn, the
Sudetenland becomes part of the German home country.
IT 8 - Occupy Albania
Italy can only play this option if
Albania is not in a civil war or conquered by, at war with,
or aligned to a major power; Italy’s PM is 3/4 or higher;
and her initiative is lower than the Commonwealth’s.
Albania is an Italian colony from now on.
JA 8 - Tojo Takes Over
Japan may only play this
option if either:
b) Japan has previously played JA 7; or
c) Japan’s initiative is greater than any two of:
Commonwealth, the Soviet Union, China and the
USA.
Increase Japan’s political effectiveness by 2.
Japan must move her political marker towards the centre
of Fascism. Japan gets 8 movement points minus her
initiative position. Japan may move minors she is stacked
with, or become stacked with while moving (see 8.7.1
IPO 1). You must stop as soon as you reach one of the
center hexes not already occupied by another major
power.
RU 8 - Abduct Chiang Kai Shek
The Soviet Union can
only play this option if she has not played RU 7 and her
initiative is less than half China’s.
After playing this option, China and the Soviet Union
may not start a Chinese Civil war (8.7.2 CH 7 and RU 7
respectively) for 60 turns (10 years).
If China is already in a civil war then Chinese Nationalist
and Communist forces cannot attack each other if China
is at war with a major power.
CW 8 - India Independent
The Commonwealth may
only play this option if she is not at war with another
major power, and she controls India.
When played, India becomes a neutral minor country
controlled by the Commonwealth rather than a
Commonwealth home country.
Remove all army and navy points in India from the map
(WiFFE: Indian units anywhere on map) and set them to
one side.
When playing with WiFFE, remove all Indian units from
the Commonwealth force pools and move all remaining
Commonwealth units in India to the nearest friendly hex
outside India.
While India is a minor country;
-
see the War and Treaty charts for India’s stability,
willpower etc;
-
the Commonwealth receives no production from
India;
-
India sets up with her set aside naval points and twice
her set aside army points when declared war on or
aligned (when playing with WiFFE, set up India’s
units as per any other minor country ~ see WiFFE
19.4);
-
if the Commonwealth is in initiative position 6, she
will build in Canada this turn (see 10.2);
-
India’s factory stacks count double for the rest of the
game (irrelevant while neutral);
-
No one may play IPO 2 or IPO 3 on India;
-
MP 0(b) may be played on India;
-
Commonwealth units may not enter India unless both
countries are at war with the same major power or
the Commonwealth is at war with India;
-
a major power can declare war on the
Commonwealth and/or India either separately or
jointly; and
-
the Commonwealth has guaranteed (see 8.7.1 IPO
- India.
While independent, a separate declaration of war on India
is as for any minor country. India and Indian units may
suffer surprise if declared war on, even if the
Commonwealth is already at war with the aggressor.
India rejoins the Commonwealth if she plays IPO 5 on
India while both are at war with the same major power.
When India rejoins the Commonwealth she does so as a
full Commonwealth home country. All the above
restrictions are removed.
FR 8 - Little Entente Backed
France may only play this
option if either Germany has played GE 8 this turn or
Germany has declared war on Czechoslovakia, Rumania
or Yugoslavia in a previous turn.
The Commonwealth must also play CW 0(f) in support
this turn for this option to be successful.
If played successfully on the turn that GE 8 is played,
then none of the effects of GE 8 are applied. Germany
cannot replay GE 8.
If played successfully, both the Commonwealth and
France guarantee (see 8.7.1 IPO 12), if not already
guaranteed, those of Czechoslovakia, Rumania and
Yugoslavia that are not in civil war, conquered, at war
with, or aligned by, a major power.
CH 8 - Chiang and Mao Share Power
China may only
play this option if RU 8 has been played and China is at
war with a major power.
The Soviet Union must also play RU 0(f) in support this
turn for this option to be successful.
Once successfully played, convert all Communist army
points into Nationalist army points. Convert all territory
owned by Communist China to Nationalist China. China
no longer produces Communist army points (see 10.2).
When playing with WiFFE, Communist and Nationalist
forces can cooperate.
China may no longer play CH 7 and the Soviet Union
may no longer play RU 7. Half the victory points
Nationalist China earns belong to the Soviet Union
instead.
US 8 - Monroe Doctrine Invoked
The USA must select
one American minor country (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Central America (any Central American country if
playing with AiF), Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador,
Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, or Venezuela) that is
allied to one or more major powers all of which have a
higher initiative than the USA.
The USA is now at war with the selected minor country.
When playing with WiFFE, the US delays the declaration
of war until the start of any of its impulses and then
applies the effects (minor country, US entry, etc…). The
USA may still announce which minor country it is going
to declare war against during the political step to prevent
other major powers from playing IPO 3 or IPO 12 on the
minor. If the USA does this it must declare war on the
minor it named in the political step on its first impulse.
When playing with WiFFE, the USA may also play this
option at the beginning of one of your impulses as a
Reactionary War option (see 8.7.2 MP 4).
GE 9 - Czech. Rump Occupied
Germany may only
play this option if it has successfully played GE 8 in a
previous turn, Czechoslovakia is not in civil war,
conquered, at war with, or aligned by, a major power.
Czechoslovakia is now a German colony. Remove the
Czech marker from the Status Display. When playing
with WiFFE, Czechoslovakia no longer has a partisan
value (see WiFFE 13.1).
Increase the Commonwealth’s political effectiveness by 3
if it is Democratic. Increase France’s political
effectiveness by 1 if it is Democratic.
Place 21 German army points in Czechoslovakia (if
playing with WiFFE 2 German INF, an ARM, FTR-2
and LND-3 (and 2 pilots if playing with WiFFE 14.6 -
PiF option 28), arrive as reinforcements in the next turn).
GE 10 - Demand Danzig Corridor
Germany may only
play this option if its PM is 3/4 or higher, Poland is not in
civil war, conquered, at war with, or aligned by, a major
power.
If CW 7 is not successfully played in the same turn, the
Danzig corridor becomes part of the German home
country. Poland must supply Germany with a resource
until a major power either declares war on or aligns
Poland. The resource must be provided even if Poland is
controlled by another major power.
GE 11 - Recognise the Ukraine
Germany may only
play this option if either it controls Kiev, or if:
a) Poland’s political marker is stacked with
Germany’s on the Status Display or has been
aligned by Germany; and
b) Germany does not have a treaty with the Soviet
Union; and
c) Germany’s initiative is at least 3 lower than the
Soviet’s.
Reduce Germany’s PE by 2 and increase the Soviet
Union’s by 1.
The Ukraine becomes a German colony with Kiev as its
Capital. All blue factories in the Ukraine (WiFFE: not yet
railed out) become red for the rest of game.
Move all Soviet army and naval points in the Ukraine to
the nearest friendly territory. When playing with WiFFE,
if Germany is at war with the Soviet Union, the Soviet
Union maintains control over all Ukrainian hexes she
currently controls except Kiev. Move any Soviet units in
Kiev to the nearest friendly hex. If Germany is not at war
with the Soviet Union, Germany gains control over all
Ukrainian hexes, move all Soviet units in the Ukraine to
the nearest friendly hex.
Place 6 Ukrainian army points (WiFFE: 2 German INF,
if available in the force pool) in The Ukraine (WiFFE:
Kiev). When playing with the units from Politics in
Flames the Ukrainian units are added to the German
force pools and the units set up are Ukrainian INF.
The Soviet Union has a casus belli against Germany for
the rest of the game.
GE 12 - Create the Waffen SS Corps
Germany may
only play this option if its PM is 3/4 or higher.
Germany’s national characteristic army bonus (see 9.3.3)
increases by 1 for the rest of the game.
When playing with WiFFE, add all available SS units to
Germany’s force pools immediately. All future year SS
units will be added normally (see WiFFE 4.1.1).
GE 13 - Support Hungarian and Bulgarian land
claims: Germany may only play this option if GE 14 has
never been played.
Italy must also play IT 0(f) in support this turn for this
option to be successful.
If Rumania allows a Soviet land claim (see 8.7.2 RU 4)
then Germany must play, or have already played, GE 13
or GE 14 before she may play IPO 5 on Rumania,
Hungary or Bulgaria. Germany may still align these
countries as a result of their being declared war on (see
8.7.2 MP 4) without having played GE 13 or 14.
Remove all German markers in Rumanian resource
boxes. Remove all non-German markers in Hungarian
and Bulgarian resource boxes. Place one German marker
in each of the Hungarian and Bulgarian resource boxes.
Transylvania is now controlled by Hungary and South
Dobruja is now controlled by Bulgaria.
GE 14 - Support Rumanian land claims
Germany may
only play this option if GE 13 has never been played and
Germany’s initiative is lower than every major power
allied to Rumania, Hungary or Bulgaria (if any).
If Rumania allows a Soviet land claim (see 8.7.2 RU 4)
then Germany must play or have already played GE 13 or
GE 14 before she may play IPO 5 on Rumania, Hungary
or Bulgaria. Germany may still align these countries as a
result of their being declared war on (see 8.7.2 MP 4)
without having played GE 13 or 14.
Remove all German markers in Hungarian and Bulgarian
resource boxes. Remove all non-German markers in
Rumanian resource boxes. Place a German 2 marker in
one of the Rumanian resource boxes.
While Rumania is aligned by Germany, Rumania’s army
points are no longer restricted in their movement by 9.3.1.
(WiFFE: Rumania is no longer restricted by WiFFE 19.4
and all Rumanian units may leave Rumania).
While Hungary and/or Bulgaria is aligned by Germany,
they may each never have more than 4 army points
outside their respective home countries (WiFFE: they
may each never have more than 1 unit outside of their
respective home countries).
9. Military Affairs
In this step, you move your forces around the map and
resolve any combats that occur. When playing with
WiFFE, ignore this section and use WiFFE’s combat
system instead.
If no one is at war and everyone agrees, you can skip this
step.
First, everyone announces their resource and money
lending. Next everyone resolves naval actions. Lastly,
everyone resolves land actions. Major powers perform
actions in reverse initiative order (highest initiative first).
9.1 Lending Stage
Each major power announces any resources or build
points that they intend to lend to their treaty partners this
turn.
Except for the United States, a major power may not lend
resources or build points unless they are at war with a
major power (see 8.7.2 MP 3 and 8.7.2 US 3).
A major power may not be the recipient of lent resources
or build points unless they are at war with a major power.
A major power may not lend and receive (excluding trade
agreements) resources from the same major power in the
same turn. This restriction also applies to lent and
received build points. A major power may lend resources
and receive build points lent from the same treaty partner
in the same turn.
Resources and build points must be delivered to the
recipient (see 10.1.2 and 10.1.3).
You may not lend specific on map resources. When
resources of a major power are captured or isolated, the
resources committed to be lent must be lent unless doing
so would violate a trade agreement.
Lending resources and build points is restricted by your
treaty level (see 8.7.2 MP 3).
9.2 Naval Actions
9.2.1 Naval Movement
Naval points can only be based in a territory adjacent to a
sea area. Any number of naval points may base in such a
territory provided the territory is controlled by the owner
of the naval points, or its controlling major power, or by a
treaty partner (see 8.7.2 MP 3).
A major power’s aligned minor’s navy points access to its
treaty partners’ territories is restricted as per 8.7.2 MP 3.
A minor country’s naval points may only base in territory
outside the minor’s original control if the minor is aligned
(see 13).
A major power can move its naval points from their base
to any sea area or coastal territory up to 2 areas and/or
coastal territories away (in wargame parlance they have 2
movement points).
Each coastal territory and/or sea area moved into must be
adjacent to the one just left. Each territory entered must
be friendly controlled. Furthermore, major power naval
points can only enter territory controlled by one of its
directed minor countries if it is also at war with the major
power at war with the directed minor.
Naval points can move through sea areas containing
enemy naval points.
After moving up to 2 areas/territories away, they end their
move.
Example: A naval point in Italy could move to the
Mediterranean and then to the Black Sea, the Indian
Ocean, the East Atlantic Ocean or any coastal territory
adjacent to the Mediterranean.
Some territories have 2 or more coastlines that are not
contiguous (e.g. England borders both the East Atlantic
Ocean and the North Sea, but is separated by Scotland).
When naval points are based in these territories, they
must be placed on a particular coast.
Because of the Kiel, Panama and Suez canals, Germany,
Central America and Egypt have only one coastline for
movement purposes (e.g. German naval points can move
from Germany to either the Baltic Sea or the North Sea
for 1 movement point, due to the Kiel Canal).
A major power can’t move a naval point between:
- the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean if the major
power controlling Egypt has denied passage to (see
8.7.2 MP 4), or is at war with, it.
- the Baltic and the North Sea if the major power
controlling any 2 of Copenhagen, Kiel and Oslo has
denied passage to, or is at war with, it.
- the Mediterranean and the East Atlantic if the major
power controlling Gibraltar has denied passage to, or
is at war with, it.
- the West Atlantic and the NE Pacific if the major
power controlling the Panama Canal has denied
passage to, or is at war with, it.
- the Black Sea and the Mediterranean if Instanbul is
neutral or the major power controlling Istanbul has
denied passage to, or is at war with, it.
A major power controls the Panama canal if it controlled
Central America (AiF: Panama) while at war with the
USA and still controls it now. Otherwise the USA
controls the Panama canal.
Control of the Panama canal is not (necessarily) the same
as control of Central America (AiF: Panama), which
occurs in the same manner as any other minor country.
9.2.2 Naval Combat
After everyone has finished moving their naval points, a
combat occurs in every sea area that contains naval points
of major powers at war with each other. Naval points at
peace with each other can’t fight. The major power that
moved first resolves all its combats, in any order it
chooses, then the major power that moved second does
so, and so on.
In each combat, each major power secretly decides how
many of its controlled naval points in the area it wishes to
commit to the combat. A minimum of one point must be
committed, and the maximum is the number of points the
major power controls in that area, minus 1 for each
additional battle that could take place. Naval points
committed in one battle, may not be committed to another
in the same turn.
After the major powers have decided on their
commitments, each reveals them. The winner is the side
that committed the most, after adjusting for surprise (see
9.3.4) and national characteristics (see 9.3.3).
If the modified commitments were the same, the major
power with the lower initiative is the winner.
If the winner’s modified commitment is at least 10 times
more than the loser’s modified commitment, they lose
nothing and the loser loses all their actual NP
commitment.
If the winner’s modified commitment is at least triple the
loser’s modified commitment but less than 10 times, they
- lose 25% of their actual commitment and the loser
loses all their actual commitment; or
- lose 10% of their actual commitment and the loser
loses half their actual commitment;
victor's choice.
If the winner’s modified commitment is at least 150% of
the loser’s modified commitment but less than triple, they
- lose 50% of their actual commitment and the loser
loses all their actual commitment; or
- lose 25% and the loser loses half their actual
commitment;
losers choice.
If the winner’s modified commitment is less than 150% of
the loser’s modified they both lose half their actual
commitment.
Optional rule 9.2.2: (Pursuit) The loser of a combat must
lose NPs equal to one tenth of the winner’s remaining
uncommitted NPs (rounded down) committed in pursuit.
Surviving committed units are lost first, followed by
uncommitted units (if still required to satisfy the pursuit
loss). Pursuing NPs are not available for other combats in
the area, or to transport (or invade with) troops, and the
pursuer must leave enough NPs uncommitted to fight any
other battles that could occur in this area.
The loser must then retreat their remaining naval points to
the nearest friendly territory.
When a major power has a combat against several other
major powers in the same area, resolve them as separate
combats. If it loses the first battle, it would suffer pursuit
and retreat all surviving committed NPs before fighting
the next. If it loses any battle, it must retreat after all
battles involving this major power in this sea area.
Example: the Commonwealth has 20 naval points in the
Mediterranean and France has 15. Italy, which is at war
with both of them and moved first, has 40 points. Italy
resolves the first combat and chooses to fight France. She
commits 12 points (which is modified to 13) and France
commits 5 (which is modified to 6).
Since Italy’s modified commitment is more than 150% but
less than triple France’s, France must decide whether she
loses half her real commitment and Italy loses 25% of
hers (3 NPs apiece) or France loses all her commitment
(5 NPs) and Italy loses half of hers (6 NPs). Italy commits
another 10 NPs in pursuit so France loses another NP
and retreats to South France.
Now Italy fights the Commonwealth and commits 15
points (which is modified to 16). The Commonwealth
commits 13 points (which is modified to 16). Neither
major power’s modified commitment is more than 150%
so they both lose half their points committed. The
Commonwealth has the lower initiative and wins the
combat. Thus all the Italians in the sea area retreat to
Italy. There is no pursuit as the Commonwealth only has
7 uncommitted NPs.
Naval points may not normally attack (or otherwise
declare a combat against) naval points in a territory
(however see surprise ~ 9.3.4).
9.3 Land Actions
9.3.1 Land Movement
After all naval actions are finished, major powers, again
in reverse initiative order, can re-deploy their army
points. An army point can move an unlimited distance
through territory controlled by its major power. An Army
point may move through any treaty partner’s territory it is
allowed to base in (see 8.7.2 MP 3). However, it may not
end its movement in a treaty partner’s territory if it would
exceed the maximum allowed by the treaty level (see
8.7.2 MP 3) nor may it end its turn in a directed (as
opposed to controlled) minor country.
Only aligned minor units may enter a territory the minor
country does not control (they can still enter sea areas
freely). Only half the minor country’s army points may be
outside the minor’s home country at the end of the land
movement step (except Rumania ~ see 8.7.2 GE 14).
Your aligned minor country’s army points are restricted
in their movement into your treaty partners’ territories,
see 8.7.2 MP 3.
Army points may move through sea areas when
transported by naval points. One (1) army point can move
through a sea area for every 5 full naval points a major
power, or its appropriate treaty partner (see 8.7.2 MP 3),
has there.
Example: After beating off the Commonwealth and
French naval points, Italy is left with 13 naval points in
the Mediterranean. This is enough to move 2 army points.
Two Italian army points in Poland move to Germany, to
Austria, to Italy, to the Mediterranean and then to Libya.
If the Commonwealth wanted to move 5 APs from Canada
to the United Kingdom, she must have a minimum of 25
naval points in the West Atlantic and another 25 in the
East Atlantic after naval combat to do so.
Army points may also move through sea areas to or from
a beachhead (see 9.3.7 below) as if the beachhead were a
territory. This is not considered an invasion.
Unless invading, army points moving by sea must end
their movement in a friendly controlled territory in which
they can be placed.
In order for army points to invade (i.e. declare a combat
against) an enemy held territory, they must be moved into
a sea area adjacent to the target territory. There must be at
least 10 times as many naval points in that sea area (and
every other sea area moved through) as the number of
army points which are going to invade.
A major power can invade one territory using some of its
(or its allies) naval points and transport other army points
into another territory through the same sea area, provided
you don’t exceed your naval capacity in the sea areas
being moved through.
Example: The CW wishes to move 5 APs from Canada to
England, while invading France with 3 APs from England
via the East Atlantic. The CW will require a minimum of
25 NPs in the West Atlantic and 55 (25+30) NPs in the
East Atlantic after Naval Combat.
9.3.2 Land Combat
After everyone has finished moving their army points, all
combats are declared in reverse initiative order (highest
initiative first). A combat may be declared from a
territory that a major power controls, or a sea area that
contains its army points loaded on naval points, into a
territory controlled by an enemy major power or minor
country. A major power may not declare a land combat
against a sea area.
Once a combat has been declared from one territory or
sea zone into another territory, a second combat may not
be declared between those two territories this turn. A
territory that has had a combat declared against it may
declare a combat against a different adjacent territory,
when it is that controlling player’s turn to declare
combats.
After all combats are declared, each major power with
army points in the territories involved must decide how
many they will commit to each combat involving that
territory (minimum 1).
Commitments to all combats must be recorded, and
hidden from the other side(s) before any resolution takes
place. A major power may not commit more army points
than it has in a territory and each individual army point
may only be committed to a maximum of one combat per
turn.
Example: the Soviet Union has a higher initiative than
Germany so declares her combats first. She declares a
combat from Bessarabia into Rumania. Later in the turn,
Germany, who controls Rumania, may not declare a
combat from Rumania into Bessarabia. Germany could
declare a combat from Rumania into Bulgaria (assuming
it was enemy controlled) or from Transylvania into
Bessarabia. Germany declares a combat from Rumania
to Bulgaria.
After all combats have been declared, players commit
army points. The German player must commit some
points to each battle but the same point cannot be
committed to both.
A side may not commit more points, including the
national characteristic bonus (see 9.3.3), to a combat than
the border limit printed on the map, except with surprise
(see 9.3.4). There are no border commitment limits within
a contested territory in a civil war (see 9.5).
If two or more major powers have army points in a
territory, they combine their commitments if they are all
at war with any major power in the enemy territory that
has committed army points to the combat.
Army points committed to a combat that does not involve
army points with which they are at war with are ignored
for all combat purposes.
Example: Continuing the above example, presuming that
Italy is at war with France but not with the Soviet Union
then any army points committed by Italy in the Rumania-
Bessarabia combat will be included in the German total
only if France commits an army point in the combat.
France does commit points to the combat so all four
major powers are included in the combat.
If two or more major power’s combined commitment
exceeds the border limit, reduce their commitment
proportionally until it equals the border limit. This is done
before any modification of the committed points.
Example: Germany commits 50 army points and Italy 40
across the Belgium-France border. As the total of 90 is
greater than the border limit of 60, both sides reduce
their commitment by one third (Germany 33 and Italy
27). These points would then be modified for National
characteristic, surprise, weather and invasion (see
below).
After all commitments are recorded, resolve all combats
in initiative order. The major power with the lowest
initiative chooses any combat involving a territory it
controls, or a sea area that contains its army points loaded
on naval points, regardless of who declared the combat.
That combat is then resolved. The major power then
chooses another combat involving its units and so on until
all combats involving its units are resolved.
The major power with the second lowest initiative
chooses a combat under the same stipulation as the first
major power, except it may not choose a combat that has
already been resolved this turn. This process continues
until all combats have been resolved.
The winner of each combat is the side, which committed
the most APs, after adjusting for national characteristics
(see 9.3.3), surprise (see 9.3.4), weather (see 9.3.5),
Maginot line (see 9.3.6) and invasion (see 9.3.7). If the
modified commitments were the same, there is no winner.
If one side did not commit APs to this combat (due to
having all their APs committed to other combats in the
area), all its APs in the territory are destroyed, the other
side automatically wins, takes no losses, and takes control
of the area.
Otherwise, if the winner’s modified commitment is at
least 10 times more than the loser’s modified
commitment, they lose nothing and the loser loses all
their actual AP commitment.
If the winner’s modified commitment is at least triple the
loser’s modified commitment but less than 10 times, they
- lose 25% of their actual commitment and the loser
loses all their actual commitment; or
- lose 10% of their actual commitment and the loser
loses half their actual commitment;
victor's choice.
If the winner’s modified commitment is at least 150% of
the loser’s modified commitment but less than triple, they
- lose 50% of their actual commitment and the loser
loses all their actual commitment; or
- lose 25% and the loser loses half their actual
commitment;
loser's choice.
If the winner’s modified commitment is less than 150% of
the loser’s modified they both lose half their actual
commitment.
The winning side’s losses may be modified by the
weather, see 9.3.5.
If two major powers combine their forces in one area into
one combat, the losses are individually evaluated based
on each major power’s actual commitment.
Example: The Commonwealth (as a level 2 treaty partner
with France) has 20 APs in France, while France has 85.
Germany and Italy are at war with both. Germany
controls Belgium. All major powers are at their 1940 PM.
The CW moved first but cannot initiate a battle except as
part of a French battle initiation (since the French major
power controls France). The French in their turn decide
not to initiate a battle.
The Germans attack from Belgium, committing 30 points
(which is modified to 39 due to Germany’s national
characteristic bonus). France commits 15(modified to 18)
and the CW 6. Germany wins but by less than triple and
so France chooses to lose50% of their committed force, 8
(50% of 15), while the CW loses 3 points (50% of 5) for a
total of 11.Germany also loses 8 points (25% of 30),
The winning side earns offensive points equal to:
winning side’s modified commitment
losing side’s modified commitment
Drop all fractions in the losing side’s favor. For example,
if the winning side had a modified 39 points committed
and the losing side had 8 modified committed, the ratio
would be 4:1 so the winning side would earn 4 offensive
points.
The number of offensive points earned may be modified
by the weather, see 9.3.5.
If more than one winning major power committed army
points, then the major power that had the higher modified
commitment gains the offensive(s). If each major
power(s) had the same modified commitment then the
major power with the lowest initiative gains the
offensives.
Offensive points are indicated by putting political
markers equal to the offensive points gained on the border
between the two territories that fought. The owner of the
markers shows who has gained the offensive points. If a
major power already has offensive points across the same
border, add the new ones to the old total.
Example: Germany attacks Northern France from
Belgium and Italy attacks from Germany. Germany
commits 31 points modified to 40. France commits a
modified 9 points. Germany wins and chooses to lose
25% (8) and for France to lose all her committed APs.
Germany’s ratio was 4.44:1, which earns her 4 offensive
points. In Italy’s battle, Italy commits a modified 20
points and France commits a modified 17 points. Italy’s
commitment was not more than 150% of France’s, so
both sides lose half their entire commitments, a disaster
for Italy! She mollifies herself with her 1 offensive point
into Northern France.
If there are enemy offensive points across the same
border then remove enough to equal the offensive points
gained and only replace them with the major power’s
excess points, if any.
If there are enemy offensive points from multiple major
powers that can be removed, then the major power that
has gained the offensives decides the order in which they
are removed.
A territory is conquered when there are no remaining
defending APs in the territory or all the enemy offensive
points on its borders add up to its conquest level. A
territory may not have offensive points against it in
excess of its conquest level.
An unaligned minor may not gain offensives into
territories outside the minor’s original control. However it
may remove offensives gained into its own territories.
9.3.3 National Characteristics
Each major power has a National characteristic bonus in
each PML on its PM track. The number in the black circle
is the army bonus and the number in blue is the navy
bonus. The Chinese also has a bonus in a red circle. That
is the Communist Chinese’s army bonus.
Add a major power’s national characteristic bonus to the
number of points it commits to a combat, so long as its
total commitment is not more than doubled. So, if it
commits 3 points and its bonus is 5, only 3 would be
added to its commitment.
Only one national characteristic bonus may apply per side
per combat. If more than one major power committed
points to this side’s total, only the major power with the
greatest number of committed APs or NPs includes its
national characteristic to this combat. If equal amounts
are committed, the major power with the lower initiative
includes its national characteristic to the combat.
Example: Germany is attacking Belgium from the
Rhineland. The Commonwealth commits 15 APs and
France commits 17. All major power are at their 1940
PM. As the French are committing the most Democrat
factors the French national modifier of 3 is added to their
total making 28 (10+17+3).
The modifier applies before the modifications for weather
and surprise.
A major power does not get a national characteristic
bonus when they are invading (see 9.3.7).
9.3.4 Surprise
A major power that declares war on a minor country or
major power in the current turn gains the benefit of
surprise against them in the naval and land combat steps.
Additionally if the major power declaring war is Japan,
the USA or the Commonwealth (because of their use of
carriers) then they may launch a surprise naval strike
against enemy naval points in a land territory.
If a minor country that has been declared war on is
automatically aligned with its controlling major power
(see 8.1.4), it suffers the effects of surprise and it does not
gain the benefits of surprise if the controlling major
power declares war on the major power that declared war
on the minor.
Example: Germany declares war on Poland. The
Commonwealth, who has an alliance with Poland, uses
the casus bellum to declare war on Germany.
Additionally the Commonwealth automatically aligns
Poland. Germany gains the benefit of surprise vs. the
Polish forces. They do not gain the benefit of surprise vs.
the German forces even though they are represented by
Commonwealth army and naval points. Other
Commonwealth forces do gain the benefit of surprise vs.
German forces this turn.
Surprise naval strikes occur before the major power’s
normal naval movement. Surprise naval strikes may not
be made if the weather is rain or blizzard.
A surprise naval strike may only effect naval points of the
minor country or major power that has been declared war
on. A surprise naval strike may not effect any naval
points at sea (i.e. they have to be in a land territory). A
surprise naval strike may effect any land territory, or the
appropriate coast of a land territory, adjacent to the sea
area the striking naval points are in.
Naval points conducting a surprise naval strike may move
to any sea area up to 3 areas away. For every 3 Japanese
or 3 US or 5 Commonwealth naval points committed to a
strike, 1 enemy naval point is destroyed. Naval points that
moved during the naval strike step must be returned to
base after the strike and may not be moved during the
major power’s naval movement.
A major power gaining the benefit of surprise doubles its
commitments (including national characteristic modifiers)
in naval and land combats that involve any naval points
or army points of the surprised minor country or major
power. The border limit on land commitments applies
before the doubling effect. The loss percentage is applied
to the actual forces committed, not the doubled value.
Example: Germany (with a PM of 1) declares war on
Yugoslavia and attacks with 21 APs modified to 30.
Yugoslavia commits 6. Germany’s commitment is doubled
to 60, giving her a 10:1 ratio, so she takes no losses and
earns 10 offensive points. If Yugoslavia had committed 7
points, the ratio would be 8:1 so Germany would take
25% losses. The 25% is applied to the 21 points actually
committed (i.e. 5).
9.3.5 Weather Modifiers
If the weather is snow or blizzard, army points cannot
invade. If the weather is rain or blizzard, naval points may
not launch a surprise naval strike.
Weather does not effect naval combat.
The Soviet Union is not affected when attacking in snow
or blizzard. For all other major powers, during snow
weather, add 50% to the committed APs (including
national characteristic modifiers) of the major power that
did not initiate this combat. In blizzard and rain, double
their commitment. The border limit on land commitments
applies before the 50% or doubling of APs. Losses are
still based on the actual commitment.
Example: Germany attacks Yugoslavia in blizzard and
commits55 APs (modified to 60). Yugoslavia commits 12
points doubled to 24 for the blizzard. 60 to 24 is less than
3:1 so Yugoslavia decides to lose half her commitment (6)
and, Germany loses 14 (25% of 55).
Offensives won are similarly halved in non-fine weather.
Example Continuing the above example, Germany only
gains 2 offensives into Yugoslavia (half of 55/12). If
Yugoslavia had committed 32 points, she would have won
the battle but won no offensives (half of 64/60 is less than
1).
9.3.6 Maginot Line
The Maginot line is a series of extensive and elaborate
fortifications built by France to protect against a German
invasion. It is considered to be in the territory of France
and it borders the territories of Germany and the
Rhineland. The Maginot line ceases to exist and no longer
provide a benefit if the territory of France is conquered.
The Maginot line may not be used in a land combat from
the Rhineland to France if there are any offensive points
from France into the Rhineland. The Maginot line may
not be used in a land combat from the territory of
Germany to France if there are any offensive points from
France into the territory of Germany.
If a land combat is declared from the territory of Germany
and/or the Rhineland into the territory of France then the
army points in France committed to the combat(s) may
use the Maginot line. If multiple major powers’ army
points are to be committed, the major power with the
higher commitment decides whether or not to use the
Maginot line. France, if involved, decides in the case of a
tie. Otherwise the major power with the lowest initiative
decides.
When using the Maginot line, no offensives can be gained
into the territory from where the combat was declared
(Germany and/or the Rhineland).
The modified point commitment from the territory of
France is treated as if it were double what was actually
committed (even if that would be more than could
otherwise be committed across the border). The loss
percentage is applied to the points actually committed.
Example: Germany attacks France across the Maginot
line. Germany and France are at their 1938 PM.
Germany commits 9 APs modified by national
characteristics to 17, France commits11 APs and
announces she is using the Maginot line.
Her 11 APs are modified to 13, then doubled to 26.
France wins by less than triple so Germany decides to
lose half her commitment (5) and France loses a quarter
of hers (3). Even though France has won, she does not
gain any offensives into Germany.
9.3.7 Invasions
Treat an invasion of a territory from an adjacent sea area
as if it were a separate combat from an adjacent territory.
However, there is no border limit. No invasions are
allowed if the weather is snow or blizzard.
Army points at sea but not committed to a combat are
returned to their territory of embarkation (the invasion
was a feint).
The maximum number of army points the major power
controlling the territory may commit, after including its
national characteristic bonus (see 9.3.3), is equal to the
greater of a) The number of army points the invader(s)
has in the sea area from which the attack was declared; or
b) 20 army points.
The invader(s) does not get a national characteristic
bonus (see 9.3.3).
Two or more major powers in the same sea area combine
their army points into one commitment if attacking from
one sea area, as per any other attack from one territory
into another. However, they also must both be at war with
the major power that controls the territory and they must
have a level 3 treaty with each other. If they do not, only
the major power with the lowest initiative may invade that
territory (the other(s) must invade another territory or
retreat back to the territory of embarkation).
Example: The US and CW both want to invade
continental Europe (controlled by Germany) from the
North Sea. They are both at war with Germany but they
only have a level 2 treaty with each other. The CW (with
the higher initiative) moves and attacks before the US
player and decides to attack France and Belgium. The US
player may only retreat or attack (if enemy controlled)
Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, the United
Kingdom or Norway.
If the invasion fails, all remaining attacking army points
are returned to their territory of embarkation (e.g. If an
invasion of Australia from the UK fails, return the
remaining invading units to the UK).
After the invasion gets ashore (which it does by gaining
at least one offensive point), move all remaining invading
army points from the adjacent sea area into the invaded
territory.
A beachhead has now been established, put a political
marker on top of the invading points to show how many
offensive points the beachhead has. Until it is removed,
the beachhead is treated exactly as if it were an adjacent
territory. Remove it when the invaded territory has been
conquered or when the beachhead has been conquered. A
beachhead is conquered when it is reduced to 0 offensive
points.
The border limit between a beachhead and the territory is
20 times the number of offensive points it has gained, to a
maximum of 100.
Example: The CW and the USA have been building up to
D-DAY for 3 years. 400 US and Commonwealth Naval
points are based in the UK to ship their combined
invasion force to France. They have a level 3 treaty with
each other, so they can transport each other’s units, and
combine their forces when invading the one territory. All
major powers are at their top PML.
In their respective naval moves, the US move 250 naval
points into the North Sea and the CW moves 150 points
into the East Atlantic Ocean (this stops Germany
attacking each force piecemeal which could occur if they
both moved their forces into both areas).
The entire German navy (14 NPs) sorties from Belgium
via France (not via the North Sea since the UK controls
London) into the East Atlantic Ocean (it would be
pointless to move the Navy into the North Sea as the US
would simply have committed 180 naval points
guaranteeing victory at no loss regardless of the German
commitment).
The CW, intending to minimize losses, commits 19 NPs,
modified to 28 (keeping above 150% of whatever
commitment the German player may make). The German
player, figuring the CW will do precisely this, commits 6
NPs modified to 10. The Germans decide that the CW
loses 5 NPs (25% of 19) and the Germans 3 (50% of 6).
The CW bemoans the fact that she could have got 10:1 if
only she had been gutsier, and the remaining German
NPs are retreated to France.
25 CW and US APs now move from the UK to the North
Sea and another 13 US APs move into the East Atlantic
(there are only 131 uncommitted CW NPs in this sea area
after combat). The German player only has 26 APs in
France, 35 in Germany and 15 APs in Belgium and the
Netherlands.
The Commonwealth (whose turn is before the US)
launches a nuisance attack on Belgium commits 4 APs
(unmodified as invaders do not receive a National
Characteristic modifier). Germany commits 10, which is
modified to 19. Germany decides to lose 1 AP (10% of
10), while the CW loses 2 (50% of 4), returning the other
2 to the UK.
The CW then attacks France from the North Sea,
committing (with US permission) all remaining 21 APs to
the battle. The German player commits 23 APs, modified
to 28, winning the battle but resulting in both sides losing
half their committed APs. The remaining 10 US and
Commonwealth APs are returned to the UK.
Finally, the US commits 11 APs from the East Atlantic
into an invasion of France. Germany commits her
remaining 3 APs in France, for a modified total of 6, to
this battle. Germany loses all 3 committed APs, while the
CW and US lose 6 (50% of 11). The Allies have also won
1 offensive point into France.
The remaining 5 US APs from the battle are placed on
the North French coast with a US 1 control marker
placed on top. The 2 US APs that did not take part in the
invasion return to the UK
The Invasion is a success! The boys are ashore. Future
turns will prove whether the Allies can stay ashore,
reinforcing the beachhead by moving army points from
the UK via naval points in the North Sea faster than the
Germans can reinforce their forces in France to kick
them back into the sea.
9.4 Capture of Resources and Factories
A resource or factory is captured when the total number
of offensives into that territory equals or exceeds the
value (in the red circle) in the resource or factory box in
that home country. Each time this value is exceeded,
another resource and/or factory is captured.
Each other resource or factory box is conquered when the
total number of offensives into that territory equals or
exceeds the value (in the red city-like symbol) in the
resource or factory box.
All these captures are cumulative. The major power with
the least offensives gets their conquered factories and
resources first (highest initiative if tied).
Example: Germany has 13 offensives into Russia and
Italy 7. Italy conquers 3 blue factories, 1 red factory and
1 (non-oil) resource.
Germany has conquered 7 blue factories (Italy and
Germany’s combined offensives equal 20, which equals
10 blue factories less the 3 in Italian control) 1 red
factory, 2 oil and 2 other resources. Germany has also
conquered Leningrad and Moscow.
When resources and factories of a major power are
conquered, the last resources and factories taken are those
traded to another major power.
9.5 Minor Civil Wars
In a Minor Civil War, forces from both the government
and rebel forces often exist within one territory. Forces in
a contested territory may not declare an attack into a
neighbouring territory, they must win control of the
contested territory first.
In a contested territory, use the control marker from the
major power controlling the government or rebel forces to
indicate offensive points gained.
Place the marker on top of the government or rebel army
points in that territory. The value of the marker states how
many offensive points the government or rebels have
gained. Note if control of the government or rebel forces
should be transferred due to political option play, then
exchange the appropriate control marker(s) to indicate the
new controlling major power(s). The values of the
markers remain unchanged.
The two sides start the war with offensives equal to half
that required to conquer the territory. Where this is an odd
number, the directing major power with the lower
initiative gains the spare offensive.
Every time one side wins offensives into the territory, the
other side loses them. The civil war is over when one side
has gained enough offensives to conquer the territory, or
when one side has no forces remaining (even immediately
after set up). Resources and factories in a contested
territory are captured when one side gains enough
offensive points to do so.
Example: The Spanish Civil War commences in July
1936. Spain is conquered when one side has 4 offensives
into Spain. Thus both the Nationalists and Republicans
start the war with 2 offensives into Spain.
The Nationalists declare a battle in Spain and win 1
offensive. The Nationalists increase their offensives to 3,
while the Republicans are reduced to 1. If the
Republicans lose one more battle the Nationalists will
have won the war.
10. Production
[In this step, each major power earns income, which is
added to its current savings (or used to reduce its debt). If
it is above its credit limit, it can spend money (build
points) to purchase new army points, naval points and bid
points until it reaches its credit limit.]
10.1 Income
Each useable factory that receives a resource (see 10.1.2)
makes one production point. Income, in money points, is
determined by multiplying this value by the major
power’s production multiple. Unless you are playing with
15.4 (or WiFFE 13.5.1), there are no differences between
oil and other resources. The term ‘money’ and ‘monetary
cost(s)’ are interchangeable with the term ‘build points’.
After calculating a major power’s total income, add it to
the money track. If it is in debt, reduce that first.
The total number of resource points available to a major
power equals the sum of the resource points in:
- the major power’s controlled territories;
- minor countries containing the major power’s
resource marker (exceptions: control ~ see 8.1.3 &
8.1.4; civil war ~ see 8.7.1 IPO 4 & 10.4; and minor
countries at war ~ see 8.7.2 MP 4 & 10.5);
- minor countries it controls ~ see 8.1.3 & 8.1.4
(exceptions: civil war ~ see 8.7.1 IPO 4 & 10.4; and
minor countries at war ~ see 8.7.2 MP 4 & 10.5);
- the amount traded or lent from another major power;
- less the amount traded or lent to another major
power; and
- less the amount lost to enemy advances;
that is successfully transported to its factories (see 10.1.2)
The total number of factories available to a major power
to produce with equals the sum of:
- all factories the major power starts the game with;
- factories that are gained by option play (e.g. GE 6);
- red factories that have been captured or conquered;
- minor country red factories containing the major
power’s factory marker (exceptions: control ~ see
8.1.3 & 8.1.4; civil war ~ see 8.7.1 IPO 4 & 10.4;
and minor countries at war ~ see 8.7.2 MP 4 & 10.5);
- red factories controlled by a minor country the major
power controls ~ see 8.1.3 & 8.1.4 (exceptions: civil
war ~ see 8.7.1 IPO 4 & 10.4; and minor countries at
war ~ see 8.7.2 MP 4 & 10.5); and
- minor countries’ blue factories that have aligned with
the major power (see 8.7.1 IPO 5) or are closely
controlled (see 8.1.3);
- less those factories lost to enemy advance.
A major power’s production multiple is equal to the value
specified on its PM track (see the Political Map). Increase
the PM by one level this turn:
- if one or more land combats were declared against a
major power’s home country territory (not Siberia
and only the UK counts for the commonwealth) this
turn;
- if you have played IPO 20 this year (see 8.7.1);
- of the Soviet Union while it is at war with Germany
or the USA;
- of the USA while it is at war with any major power;
and
- of the USA while it is at war with all major powers
(excluding Vichy major powers) from another
ideology (but only if there is more than one). This
bonus is applied only once, even if the USA is at war
with all major powers from two ideologies.
If you increase production more levels than the rightmost
box, add +0.25 to your PM for each level foregone.
Example: It is 1943 and the US is at PML 6 (PM = 1.25).
The US is at war with all Fascist major powers and the
Western USA is invaded this turn. Her actual PM is 2 this
turn.
IPO 20 can also require you to decrease your PM by a
level (see 8.7.1). If this means your current PML is off
the left end of the PM track you have a PM of 0 this turn.
Retain any fractions until after the free
trader/protectionist bonuses (see below and 10.1.1 and
8.7.1 IPO 18) have been added, then round to the nearest
whole number as normal adding that number to your
current total on the money track.
Neutral minor countries, unless at war (see 8.7.2 MP 4
and 10.5), or in a civil war (see 8.7.1 IPO 4 and 10.4) do
not receive any income.
When playing with WiFFE, see 16.9 for additional rules.
10.1.1 Additions to Income
Each major power will receive additional income based
upon its protectionist and free trader status and that of its
trading partners.
During each production step, every protectionist receives
additional build points, or a fraction thereof, equal to its
production multiple, including bonuses.
During each production step, every major power receives
additional build points, or a fraction thereof, equal to the
sum of the production multiples, including bonuses, of
the free traders it both has a treaty and a trade agreement
with (e.g. Japan does not receive the USA’s PM at the
start of the game).
In order for a major power to receive a free trader bonus
from its trading partner, a portion of the trade (one
resource, or oil, or money, in at least one direction) with
its partner must have been successfully transported to the
other major power.
While a major power’s home country is not its original
home country it does not receive a protectionist and can
not give away a free trader bonus. It is still eligible to
receive other major powers’ free trader bonuses.
Example: The only free trader is the USA. Everyone else
is a protectionist. The USA’s production multiple is 1/2.
She has a treaty with the Commonwealth, who also has a
PM of 1/2, and Germany who has a PM of 1. Germany
adds its own production multiple (being a protectionist)
to the USA’s (since Germany has a treaty with a free-
trader) for a total of 1.5. This is added to her other
production of 15 for a total of 16.5 (rounding to 17). The
Commonwealth adds her 1/2 to the 1/2 she gets from the
USA and to her other 7.5, for a total of 8.5 (rounding to
9). The USA gets nothing because she is not protectionist
nor has a treaty with a free trader.
A major power may also gain income if the credit card
option (8.7.1 IPO 17) has been played during the turn and
it was in credit at the time. The interest it would have
earned from this will have been added to the money track.
Of course if it was in debt at the time it may have had to
pay interest instead.
10.1.2 Getting Resources to Factories
In order to be used, resources must be transported to a
territory containing a factory (see 10.1). Each factory can
only use one resource (see 10.1). In order to transport a
resource to a factory, the resource must trace a path from
the territory it is located in to the territory containing the
factory.
You may trace resources through all territories:
- you control;
- controlled by another major power provided that
major power gives its permission or there is a level 2
or 3 treaty (see 8.7.2 MP 3) between the major
powers; and
- controlled by a neutral minor country.
Resources may also be traced overseas. A resource can be
traced through a sea area for every 10 full naval points a
major power (or its controlled minor) has there. These
naval points cannot have been used to transport army
points or other resources this turn. A treaty partner can
help participate in the transportation of resources if both
major powers are at war (see 8.7.2 MP 3).
Example: There are 50 CW naval points in the West
Atlantic Ocean, 30 in the Mediterranean Sea and 64 in
the East Atlantic Ocean. However, 40 of the naval points
in the East Atlantic were used to transport 8 APs to
France. Thus only 24 NPs are available in the East
Atlantic to transport resources to factories. Thus even
though the number of NPs in the West Atlantic is enough
to transport 5 Canadian resources to the CW, only 2 can
be transported due to the East Atlantic bottleneck. No
resources can be traced from the Mediterranean via the
East Atlantic to the United Kingdom, as the East Atlantic
naval points have all been used this turn.
A resource may be traced overland both before and after
it traces overseas, but it may not trace overseas a second
time.
Factories cannot be transported to resources.
When playing with WiFFE, use the transportation of
resources rules in WiFFE 13.6.1 and 13.6.4 with the
modifications listed in the bullets above.
10.1.3 Lend Lease and Trade Agreements
During the production step, major powers transport the
build points and resources that were lent by another major
power or are being received due to a trade agreement (see
8.7.2 MP 3). These resources are transported exactly as in
10.1.2.
Build points may only be transported to the recipient
major power’s controlled factories or to the territory
containing the major power’s home country capital. This
is subject to the same restrictions on transporting as
resources (see 10.1.2).
The maximum number of build points that may be
delivered to a territory is the greater of:
a) one build point for each factory in the territory;
or
b) ten build points to the territory containing the
major power’s home country capital.
Naval points transporting resources and build points for
lend lease may not have been used to transport army
points or other resources this turn.
Lend leased and traded resources successfully transported
are added to the recipient’s resource total. Lend leased
and traded build points successfully transported are added
to the recipient’s money total.
All resources and build points lend leased or traded to
another major power are subtracted from the lender’s total
regardless of whether they are successfully transported or
not.
When playing with WiFFE, Lend lease is subject to
WiFFE 13.6.4.
10.2 Spending
If a major power’s money marker is above its credit limit
it may spend build points/money (either for political
options, bid points and army and navy points) as long as
it does not go below its credit limit. The only times a
major power may ‘voluntarily’ spend below its credit
limit are:
- due to having a negative modified political
effectiveness (see 5.D.1).
- to play its MP 5 to surrender.
- when a political option is played that takes effect
later in the political step. Note that the major power
must still be able to afford the option at the time it
plays it.
Example: China, with a credit limit of 10, currently
has -8 money and plays CH 3 to the USA, CH 3 costs
2 so she may play the option at this time. Before the
USA accepts, another major power plays IPO 17 (the
Credit Card) causing China to lose 2 money. The
USA may still play her 0(f) and China’s money would
now be -12.
1 money point buys 1 army point, or 1 naval point, or 1
bid point.
Any bid points a major power buys are immediately
added to its bid point total.
Reduce the major power’s money track total by the
amount it has spent.
Example: The Commonwealth has a surplus of 5 money
points. It has an income of 7, leaving a total surplus of
12. The Commonwealth’s current credit limit is 10.
Therefore, the Commonwealth may spend up to 22 money
points (12+10).
The Commonwealth decides to keep a reserve for next
turn’s option play, and only spends 16 money, leaving her
-4 (12-16). She can buy 16 bid points, 16 army points, 16
naval points, or any combination adding up to 16. The
Commonwealth decides to buy 5 bid points, 4 naval
points and 7 army points.
While China is not experiencing a civil war, and both
Communist and Nationalist China exist, one of every 3
(or part thereof) army points built by China must be a
Communist army point. If China is experiencing a civil
war then one of every 4 (or part thereof) army points built
by the Soviet Union, to a maximum of 6, must be a
Communist Chinese army point.
A major power’s army and naval points must be placed in
its home country. In the case of the Commonwealth, the
location of placement depends on her initiative position
this turn:
1st-3rd: The United Kingdom
4th: Australia
5th: Canada
6th: India
7th: Sth. Africa
8th: New Zealand
Example (continuing the previous): As the CW’’s
initiative position is 6th this turn, the 7 army and 4 naval
points must be placed in India.
If the Commonwealth home country designated to receive
army and navy points has been conquered, use the home
country of the next higher initiative position. Repeat if the
home country of the next higher initiative position has
also been conquered. If New Zealand has been conquered
then proceed to the United Kingdom and continue the
process.
If a major power’s home country is conquered (all of
them in the Commonwealth’s case), it may place
reinforcements in any territory it controls. However, no
more than 6 total army points, navy points or combination
thereof may be placed in any one territory of a conquered
major power.
There is no delay in the arrival of army and naval points.
There is no restriction (subject to money of course) on
how many of each a major power can build (exception:
signing the London Naval Treaty - see 8.7.1 IPO 15).
When playing with WiFFE, see WiFFE 13.6.5 instead
for purchasing units with the proviso that membership of
the London Naval Treaty may restrict the building of
naval units (see 8.7.1 IPO 15).
10.3 Recalculate Naval Ratios
After all major powers have finished spending, recheck
the naval ratios and the PE modifiers, unless the London
Naval Treaty has been suspended (by three or more naval
powers at war with major powers, see 8.7.1 IPO 15).
When playing with WiFFE, ignore this check during this
stage. The ratios are rechecked at the end of the WiFFE
reinforcement stage (see 16.3).
10.4 Production of Minors in a Civil War
This section does not apply to the Chinese Civil War (See
8.7.2 RU 7).
At the start of the civil war, all resources and factories are
split between the two protagonists. If there are an odd
number of factories or resources, the remaining
factory/resource is controlled by the Govt. forces. The
controlling major powers indicate control by placing a
resources/factory marker in the relevant resources/factory
boxes in the minor country.
During production, each protagonist in a minor country
civil war receives build points equal to 2 times the sum of
resources and factories under their control.
When playing with WiFFE, each side in the civil war
instead receives 1 build point for each home country city,
resource and factory it controls. They may not build units
more than 2 years ahead (see WiFFE 13.6.5).
If playing with WiFFE 14.6 ~ PiF option 28, each side
builds and keeps track of their own pilots.
Build points may not be saved and must be used
immediately to purchase army and/or navy points
(WiFFE: units) to be placed in their respective stacks
inside the minor country.
When playing with WiFFE, each side in the civil war
may not build convoy points, offensive chits (see WiFFE
16.) or repair factories (see WiFFE 22.2).
10.5 Restrictions on Unaligned Minors
A major power may direct a minor country’s units
without that minor country being aligned (see 8.7.2 ~
MP4).
A directing major power may not transport resource or
build point overseas using unaligned minor’s naval points
(WiFFE: convoy points).
A directing major power may not use the unaligned
minor’s factories and resources for the major power’s
production unless it is also controlled (see 8.1.2).
Such a minor may instead build (or save build points until
it can afford to build) its own army or navy points
(WiFFE: units) with its own production.
Each directed minor country has a production multiple of
1 and do not get any bonuses.
The directing major power can also use its factories with
the minor’s resources, and the minor’s factories with its
resources, but not its own factories with its own
resources, to boost the minor’s production. A major
power using its own factories to help a minor loses them
for its own production.
Example: Germany declares war on Poland. If Poland is
only directed by a major power it would produce 2, as
that is the number of resources it has. The major power
directing Poland could send 1 resource to Poland’s 3rd
factory to give Poland a production of 3.
Alternatively, the major power could ship the 2 polish
resources to its own factories and ship its own resources
to the 3 polish factories. If the major power’s PM was
0.75, that would give Poland 4.5 build points (3 + 2 x
0.75) rounded to 5. This would reduce the major power’s
production by 3 resources and 2 factories.
An unaligned minor may not build major power convoy
points, or offensive chits (WiFFE 16 – Option 61).
Additionally, if playing with WiFFE 14.6 – PiF option
28, the minor builds and keeps track of its own pilots.
11. US Entry
[In this step the US adjusts US Entry based on events that
occur outside of 8.7.1 and 8.7.2, option play]
11.1 Search & Seizure
A major power can stop major powers it is not at war
with from transporting resources, build points and lend
lease overseas to major powers it is at war with.
To do this it must have naval points in the sea area after
naval combat, and the major power it is not at war with
must have naval points in the sea area transporting the
goods to a major power it is at war with.
If a major power executes a search and seizure, all goods
being shipped through this sea area to the major power it
is at war with are automatically lost. For each individual
search and seizure performed roll one die. On a roll of 1
or 2, add 2 to the searching major power’s US entry.
Increase the amount that would be added to its US entry
by 1 for each full year it has been at war with the
recipient.
11.2 War with a Democratic major power
All non-Democratic (except Vichy) major powers now at
war with a Democratic major power are subject to a US
entry effect of 1 die roll each turn. Consult the ‘War with
a Democrat’ table on the Status Display. Add 1 to the die
roll for each full 6 turns they are at war. Add the result to
each major power at war with a Democratic major power.
If Japan is only at limited war with China (see 8.7.2 JA
6), subtract 1 from the die roll.
Example: It is Sep/Oct 1939 and Britain and France have
just declared war on Germany, while Japan has been at
limited war with China since Jul/Aug 1937. The US rolls
a ‘1’ on one die for Germany. It is the first year at war so
the die is unmodified. German US entry is 1 less.
Japan has been at limited war for 13 turns, so 1 is added
to the die roll of ‘6’ to give a modified total of 7 This adds
1 to Japan’s total.
The US records these effects in the German and Japanese
columns for the Sep/Oct 1939 turn on the US’s major
power chart.
Optional rule 11.2: All non-democratic major powers
(except Vichy) now at war with a major power that has a
level 2 treaty with the USA are also subject to a US entry
effect of 1 die roll each turn in the same manner as above.
If the major power with the level 2 treaty with the USA is
also democratic there would be two rolls per turn.
11.3 Offensives into China
Each major power that gains an offensive (WiFFE:
captures a city) into China suffers the same US entry
effect as 11.2 for each one. You do not subtract 1 from
this die roll due to you being at limited war via JA 6.
Example: We are playing with WiFFE and Japan has
captured Nanking in 1937, the first year of war. The
Chinese player rolls a 10. As this is the first year of war,
the die roll is unmodified giving Japan a US entry effect
of +3.
Note: If you lose offensives (WiFFE: cities) into China
you do not get die rolls of US entry back. Thus you
cannot afford (at least in US Entry terms) to let China
successfully counterattack any of your hard fought gains.
12. Conquest
[In this step determine if a conquest (territory or minor
country or major power) has occurred and implement the
effects of such if it has.]
12.1 Conquest of a Territory
Each city in a territory is conquered when the total
number of offensives into that territory equals or exceeds
the city value (in red, 1 if no value marked). The major
power with the most offensive points into the territory
controls all the cities.
Example: Germany has 15 offensives and Italy 4.
Between the two of them they have now conquered
Leningrad (German controlled since Germany has the
most offensives into Russia).
A territory is conquered when all its cities, resources and
factories have been conquered or captured (see 9.4). The
major power with the most offensive points on the
territory’s borders conquers the territory. It now controls
it (subject to combined war aims restrictions).
If two or more major powers have the same highest
number of offensive points, the conqueror is the major
power amongst them with the lowest (better) initiative.
Remove all offensives from the newly conquered territory
into other territories.
You also remove all the offensive points into the
conquered territory from the major power that conquered
the territory and from any major power not at war with
the conquering major power.
Any army points belonging to a major power that are now
not allowed into the conquered territory (see 8.7.2 MP 3)
must be moved to any adjacent friendly territory. If there
is no such territory, all points are lost.
Example: The Commonwealth is at war with France and
Germany, France is also at war with Germany and Italy.
Italy has a level 3 treaty with Germany. During the
military step, the Commonwealth establishes a 1 offensive
beachhead in France. Italy has 1 offensive into France
from Spain, and Germany has all the remaining
offensives needed to conquer France from Belgium and
Germany. Germany conquers France and the German
and Italian offensives are removed. The Commonwealth
offensive (the beach head) remains as they are at war
with Germany. Remaining French army points in France
must now be moved to Southern France.
Naval points move to the nearest friendly coastal territory
even if that means moving overseas. They still may not
cross sea borders prohibited to them (see 9.2.1). If there is
no friendly territory to which they can base, the naval
points are lost.
Example: The USA conquers France previously held by
Germany. Germany has a treaty with Italy. German army
points in France must move to Belgium, The Rhineland,
Savoy, Italy or Germany (assuming that they are still
controlled by Germany or Italy). Germany’s naval points
must move to Belgium (the nearest friendly coastal
territory). The USA now controls France unless it has
combined war aims with France, in which case France
controls it.
12.2 Conquest of a Minor Country
A minor country is incompletely conquered if its home
country has been conquered, but the minor or its
controlling major power still controls at least one of the
minor’s original territories (e.g. Iceland in Denmark’s
case).
A minor country is completely conquered if it or its
controlling major power controls none of the minor’s
original territories.
When playing with WiFFE, the minor country is
incompletely or completely conquered as per WiFFE
13.7.1.
12.2.1 Incomplete Conquest of a Minor Country
If a minor is incompletely conquered, the minor’s
political marker is kept on the Status Display and the
minor retains its League of Nation voting rights. The
minor also remains at war with the major power(s)
conquering it.
When playing with WiFFE, the controlling or directing
major power must choose a new home country for the
minor as per WiFFE 13.7.1 except that a home country of
the controlling major power may only be chosen as the
minor country’s new home country if it is aligned.
12.2.2 Complete Conquest of a Minor Country
If a minor country is completely conquered remove its
marker from the Status Display. It does not retain its
League of Nation voting rights.
If a minor country is not aligned at the time of its
complete conquest, its NPs (WiFFE: naval units) become
controlled by the major power that last directed it.
12.3 Conquest of a Major Power
A major power is completely conquered when it controls
no territory on the map. It is incompletely conquered if its
home country has been conquered, but it still controls at
least one territory.
A major power may also declare itself conquered by the
play of its option MP 5 (see 8.7.2).
When playing with WiFFE, see WiFFE 13.7.1 to
determine conquest.
When a major power is conquered (either completely or
incompletely), apply the US entry and minor country
effects stated on the conquered major power’s 5 card.
Each time the major power’s home country is conquered
or surrendered (UK only in the case of the CW), that
major power loses 1 political effectiveness for each
enemy major power with offensives (WiFFE: units) into
the home country and each such enemy major power
gains 1 political effectiveness. This is in addition to the
effect of surrender (see 8.7.2 MP5).
Complete conquest
If the major power is completely conquered, move its
political initiative marker to a position lower than all
major powers not completely conquered.
The major power is out of the game until liberated (see
8.7.1 IPO 6). Its US entry total is no longer included (see
8.7.2 US 4) until liberation.
Keep the major power’s political marker on the Status
Display solely for reference purposes when activating
minor countries. The completely conquered major
power’s minor effects can still move minors on the
display. It does not count for increasing the cost of
moving minors stacked with it, and another major power
may occupy the hex it is in.
Incomplete conquest
The incompletely conquered major power must announce
a new home country from one of her remaining controlled
territories. She now fights on. This major power can be
again incompletely conquered if her new home country is
again conquered.
Effects of Peace
At the end of Political option play all major powers now
no longer at war with another must reduce their PML to
their peacetime maximum.
All their aligned minor countries are placed back on the
Status Display, with an alliance marker, under its
controlling major power. All other alliances and
guarantees from other major powers to the minor are
cancelled. Remove from the map the minor’s army and
navy points recording the totals for the next time they are
aligned.
Additional WiFFE effects also apply to major powers not
at war with other major powers (see WiFFE 9.6, 10.1,
10.2, 13.4, 13.6, 13.7 and 22.1).
When playing with WiFFE use all the additional effects
of conquest described in WiFFE 13.7.1.
13. End of Turn
Check the victory conditions to see if the game is over. If
the game is over determine a winner.
In reverse initiative order, each major power must return
its controlled and directed naval points at sea to a base.
This is done exactly like a naval move in reverse – naval
points end at a base instead of starting there. If they have
no base within range, the naval points are destroyed
instead. See 9.2.1 for naval point basing restrictions.
14. Non-Aggression Pacts & Garrison Ratios
A non-aggression pact may come into play in a number of
ways (see 8.7.2 MP 3, MP 5 & IT 6).
A major power may immediately break a non aggression
pact if one of its territories (WiFFE: hexes) or army or
navy points (WiFFE: units) is attacked or moved into by
any unit that started the impulse in a territory (WiFFE:
hex), or was transported by an NP (WIFFE: unit),
belonging to the major power it has the non-aggression
pact with.
If any of these actions occur, you break the pact simply
by announcing that the pact is now broken. If it does so it
may, but doesn’t have to, apply all the effects of 8.7.1
IPO 11 (cost, US entry and minor country effects).
Apart from the above, once a non-aggression pact is in
effect between two major powers they may not declare
war on each other for a specified amount of time,
(exception: level 3 treaty, see 8.7.2 MP 3) 3 turns if
Fascist, 4 turns if Communist and 6 turns if Democrats.
These limits recommence when a treaty is re-negotiated.
A major power may only break the pact and/or declare
war on another major power with which it has a non-
aggression pact if it exceeds a modified garrison ratio of
3:1 in army points in all territories that border territories
controlled by the other major power (known as a common
border). If there isn’t a common border, a major power
may not break the pact.
The modifications are:
- all Communist major powers ~ increase their ratio by
1 against all major powers;
- each casus bellum (see 8.7.2 MP 4) a major power
has with that major power ~ decrease the ratio by 1
(i.e. 3:1 becomes 2:1 and 1:1 becomes 1:2);
- all the other major powers are either completely
conquered, or at war with other major powers ~
decrease the ratio by 1;
- tearing up all levels of a treaty reduces the ratio by 1
for both major powers; and
- after each 6 turns from the time that the major powers
may declare war on each other, reduce the ratio by 1.
Example: the Soviet Union signs a level 1 treaty with
Germany in Sep/Oct 1939. As she is a communist, she
cannot declare war for the following 4 turns.
In Jul/Aug 1940 the Soviet Union requires 4:1 to declare
war on Germany (up a level as she is Communist). In
Jul/Aug 1941 the ratio is reduced to 3:1.
The US enters the war in Nov/Dec 1941. As all other
major powers are now at war, the Soviet Union’s ratio
improves to 2:1. the Soviet Union rips up the treaty with
Germany (IPO 11), reducing the ratio to 1:1.
As the Soviet Union has more than 1:1 in army factors
against Germany on their borders she can at last declare
war on Germany. She immediately attempts to play her
option 4 against Germany.
When playing with WiFFE, entry chits are chosen to add
to the defensive and offensive garrison ratios (see WiFFE
13.2) with the following changes:
- a major power may only draw an entry chit(s) if the
major power it has a non aggression pact with is not
in its ideology;
- a major power may only draw an entry chit(s) if it is
in an ideology;
- the common border is as per WiFFE 9.5;
- Germany may draw up to 2 chits a turn in total to be
placed on her common borders;
- the Soviet Union, Commonwealth, and the USA may
draw up to 1 chit a turn to be placed on all their
common borders; and
- All other countries may only draw 1 chit every other
turn to be placed on their common borders.
15. Optional Rules
15.1 Hidden Play
Instead of only choosing an option when play gets to a
major power, each major power chooses an option
secretly before any bidding. Record the selected option on
the major power’s chart. Also record any target country
the option requires and any other discretionary elements
necessary (e.g. how many levels of treaty are being
canceled if IPO 11 is played, or who the major power is
combining with and against if IPO 14 is played).
After all major power’s have recorded their selected
option(s), bidding and ranking of major powers proceeds
as normal (see 6.).
If a major power chooses an international option this turn
that is played by another major power before the major
power’s turn, it may not play an option at all, except it
may play option 0(c) if its choice was IPO 10.
However the major power gets to activate a minor
country (see 8.5), and still rolls to end the political affairs
step (see 8.6) as usual.
If the major power hasn’t played any other option (e.g.
bidding for multiple options) by the end of political
affairs, it still earns bid points equal to its political
effectiveness.
15.2 Leaving Your Ideology
The normal rules permit a major power to move around
within its ideology but not to leave it. If playing with this
optional rule, that restriction no longer applies to the
Commonwealth, France, Italy, Japan or China. The USA
must remain a Democrat, Germany must stay a Fascist
and the Soviet Union must stay a Communist. All others
can change ideologies by playing IPO 1 moving towards
your chosen new ideology.
Use the normal major power political marker movement
rules (see IPO 1), with the exception that a major power
can move the minors it stacks with to the borders of an
ideology but must leave them behind when it crosses into
the neutral zone. Once in the neutral zone it may not
move any minors it is stacked with.
A major power that leaves an ideology reduces all level 3
treaties to level 2.
A major power in the neutral zone can only play IPO 1.
A major power may not enter an ideology if it is at war
with a major power in that ideology.
While in the neutral zone, a major power’s production is
halved [Design note: this represents the political
instability inherent in such a major change in political
direction].
When a major power leaves an ideology, subtract its
unmodified number of victory cities needed to win from
the ‘Total Needed’ for the ideology it is leaving (see 4.).
When a major power enters an ideology from the neutral
zone, add 2 to the current number of victory cities listed
under ‘Total Needed’ it needs to win (see 4.). Note that
this increase is cumulative if the major power were to
enter a new ideology more than once during the game.
When a major power joins a new ideology add its
modified number of victory cities needed to win to the
‘Total Needed’ for its new ideology (see 4.).
15.3 Totally Wild
If playing with this optional rule, all major powers can
leave their ideology, and join others as specified in 15.2
above.
If the USA leaves the Democratic ideology she is still
restrained by 8.7.2 US 4 but the calculation becomes:
Target major power + 1/2 all other major powers in that
ideology - US - 1/2 all other major powers in the USA’s
ideology.
Victory (see 4.) is modified as per 15.2 but with the
additional change that when Germany, the Soviet Union
or the USA enters an ideology from the neutral zone, add
4 (instead of 2) to the current number of victory cities
listed under ‘Total Needed’ it needs to win (see 4.).
15.4 Oil War
Each oil you control allows you to freely move up to 50
army or naval points or a combination of both, that is not
greater than 50, this turn (see 9.2.1 and 9.3.1).
These points may only be moved if they can trace a path
free of enemy units from the oil to the points being
moved. If tracing overseas, it may be traced through areas
containing enemy points provided the sea area also
contains friendly points.
Oil used to move units cannot be used for production.
All points not supplied oil can only move a maximum of
one area this turn.
If playing with WiFFE, use WiFFE 13.5.1 instead of this
rule.
15.5 Treaty with the Devil
A major power may sign a level 3 treaty with any major
power from another ideology if a major power from the
third ideology is at war with both major powers, and has
at least one offensive point (WiFFE: any in supply
enemy unit) in either of the two major powers’ home
countries.
Whenever the enemy major power no longer has any
offensive points (WiFFE: any in supply enemy unit) in
either home country, the level 3 treaty with major powers
from differing ideologies automatically regresses to a
level 2 treaty. This is not considered a breaking of the
treaty (see 8.7.2 IPO 11).
15.6 Austrian Tension
Historically Austria caused a great deal of tension
between Germany and Italy and it is doubtful that either
would have moved without the other’s permission. To
reflect this, neither IT 7 nor GE 7 can be played, unless
the other major power agrees and plays its 0(f) this turn.
This is in addition to the other prerequisites.
15.7 Ultra
Provided the CW and/or the USA have an initiative less
than Germany and/or Japan, they decide whether they
will move and attack with their forces before or after
Germany and/or Japan this turn.
15.8 The Trans-Siberian Railway
The capacity of the Trans-Siberian railway is relatively
limited. Thus, only 30 APs per turn may move between
Russia and Siberia. The attack limit across their borders
remains unaffected.
15.9 Supply
Each major power must trace supply from their army
points back to its home country or to a home country of a
level 3 treaty partner in order to declare a land combat
from a given territory.
A minor’s army points may trace supply to their
controlling major power’s home country or the minor’s
home country.
A major power may trace supply across all territories
controlled by the major power. A major power may trace
supply across a politically controlled minor only if the
major power has army points in the minor or is allowed to
move army points into the minor (see 8.1.4).
A major power may trace supply across a territory
controlled by a level 1 or greater treaty partner with that
partner’s permission.
A major power may trace supply across a sea area if there
are no naval points belonging to a major power at war
with the major power tracing supply in the area.
15.10 WiFFE US Entry (WiFFE only)
Entry & Tension Pools
Create a US entry pool for each major power, including
the USA (see WiFFE: 13.3).
Create a tension pool for each non-Democratic major
power, including major powers leaving the Democratic
ideology (see 15.2 & 15.3).
Entry Chits
Use the WiFFE 1939 and 1940 entry chits to create a
common entry chit pool for 1936 ~ 1940. Use the normal
dated entry chit pools from 1941 onwards. Use WiFFE
13.2 if the chit pool is emptied recording the ‘known’ US
entry, and returning half the chits in the entry and tension
pools as well as the offensive and defensive markers.
When a major power plays a political option multiply the
standard DoD III US entry value (after all modifications
~ see 8.4.4) by three.
For every ±10 US entry, randomly select 1 chit. If there is
any remaining value roll a d10. If the roll is less than or
equal to the value another chit is randomly selected.
In all cases, US 6 (see 8.7.2) and/or a Republican US
government (see 8.7.1 IPO 10) will affect the roll for US
entry chits and not the value of the chits themselves.
If the US entry values are positive, the chit is selected
from the common chit pool and added to the appropriate
major power’s entry pool. However, if a non-Democratic
major power is required to add a chit, the USA player
may instead move a chit from that major power’s entry
pool to its tension pool.
If the US entry values are negative, the chit is selected
from the appropriate major power’s entry pool and
returned to the common chit pool. If there are no chits in
the appropriate major power’s entry pool, a chit is
randomly selected from the common chit pool and its
value subtracted from the major power’s ‘known’ US
entry. This chit is then returned to the common pool.
A major power that is completely conquered or that
unconditionally surrenders moves all entry and tension
chits back to the common chit pool.
A major power with chits in its tension pool that becomes
a Democratic major power moves those chits into its entry
pool.
WiFFE US Entry options
The only WiFFE US entry options that may be chosen
are 1, 4, 11, 16, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 36,
38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46 and 50. If playing with optional rule
8.7.1 IPO 19.1 US entry options 13, 23 and 31 are added
to the list.
LiF US entry options
If playing with Leaders in Flames (LiF), use the rules in
LiF 5.3.3 to implement actions 10, 11, 12, 16, 44 and 45.
LiF entry action 10 and 12 have minor country effects
equal to half of China’s war chart.
LiF entry action 11 has minor effects equal to half of the
Soviet Union’s war chart. LiF entry action 16 has minor
effects equal to half of Yugoslavia’s war chart.
For LiF entry action 12 (Japan’s use of poison gas
revealed) the minor effect may only be applied once per
turn.
LiF entry actions 44 and 45 have no minor effects. A
major power may only rent convoy points from a
controlled minor if the controlling major power agrees.
If a Democratic major power rents convoy points, the chit
is removed from the entry pool of the closest on map
Fascist major power to the minor from whom the convoys
are being rented. If the pool is empty use LiF 5.3.3.
Implementing Options
When implementing options, change the term ‘Axis’ to
‘non-Democratic’ and change the term ‘Allied’ to
‘Democratic’.
These actions do not require any political option play and
are played during WiFFE’s US entry step as usual. Each
action is free (although a major power still has to pay for
rented convoys ~ see LiF 5.3.3).
A US entry option may only be chosen against a major
power if the US’s modified US entry against that major
power is at least equal to the value required to play that
option and that major power is at war with a Democratic
major power. Options may also be played against Japan
while she is at limited war with China (see 8.7.2 JA 6) but
only if another fascist major power is at war with a
democratic major power.
Where an option is specified against Japan, it can also be
played against the CW and China while they are not
democratic.
Where an option is specified against Germany or Italy, it
can also be played against the CW, France or the Soviet
Union while they are not democratic.
A US entry option that is not directed against a specific
major power may only be chosen if the US’s entry level
against every major power in one non-Democratic
ideology, one of whose members is at war with a
democratic major power, is at least equal to the value
required to play that option.
Finally, if the option is to support a major power, it can
only be played if that major power is democratic and has
a level one treaty with the receiving major power.
Example: The US want to play US entry option 16, Gift of
Destroyers to Commonwealth. To do this, the US entry
against Germany, Japan and Italy, or the Soviet Union,
must be 11 or greater and the Commonwealth must be
democratic, at war with a major power in that ideology,
and have a level 1 treaty with the USA.
Furthermore, the USA may only play US entry option 4 if
Paris is democratically controlled.
Finally, US entry options 22 & 34 do not increase
production by themselves. Instead, and in addition to all
other prerequisites, the US major power cannot play US2
to gear up from a PM of 1/4 until US entry option 22 is
played. She cannot play US2 to gear up from a PM of 1/2
until US entry option 34 is played.
US Entry actions
Ignore the US entry effects in 11. above. Instead use the
following:
Search and Seizure: use the search and seizure rules in
WiFFE 13.3.3 and 13.6.1. Change the term ‘Axis’ to
‘non-Democratic’ and change the term ‘Allied’ to
‘Democratic’.
Offensives into China: While China is a Democratic
major power, each time a major power at war with China
takes control of any Chinese city currently controlled by
China, the US player rolls for an entry chit as per WiFFE
13.3.3 effect #10 (#9 with LiF).
War with a Democratic major power: for every major
power that has conquered or is at war with a Democratic
major power, the US rolls a d10 every turn. On a 3 or less
the US adds, face down, an entry chit to that major
power’s US entry total.
The die roll is modified by -1 for each 3 turns a major
power has been at war with the Democrat.
If Japan plays JA 6, thus being at limited war with China,
the die roll required is half the above (e.g. 2 instead of 3
for the first year at limited war, 3 the second and so on).
Close the Burma Road: In order to play this US entry
action you must have a lower initiative position than
China and any major power she has a treaty with.
The Burma Road may be reopened by the USA playing
US entry 24 (see 15.10).
You do not roll for any other WiFFE US entry actions
(they are covered by the DoD III US entry rules).
US Entry value
The base US entry versus a major power is calculated by
adding the major power’s ‘known’ US entry to the value
of the chits in the major power’s entry pool.
The modified US entry value versus a major power is
calculated as follows:
- Versus a Communist = Target major power’s base
US entry + (1/2 x the total of all other Communists’
base US entry) - the USA’s base US entry - (1/2 x the
total of all other Democrats’ base US entry).
- Versus a Fascist = Target major power’s base US
entry + (1/2 x the total of all other Fascists’ base US
entry) - all Communists’ base US entry totals - the
USA’s base US entry - (1/2 x the total of all other
Democrats’ base US entry).
The base US tension value versus a major power is
calculated by adding the value of all the chits in the major
power’s tension pool.
The modified US tension value versus a major power is
calculated as follows:
- Versus a Communist = Target major power’s base
US tension + (1/2 x the total of all other
Communists’ base US tension).
- Versus a Fascist = Target major power’s base US
tension + (1/2 x the total of all other Fascists’ base
US tension) – All Communists’ base US tension.
Declaring War
The USA may declare war on a major power by playing
US 4 and rolling successfully on the WiFFE ‘It’s War
Chart’. The roll on the ‘It’s War Chart’ is not made until
the WiFFE portion of the turn, and it may be attempted
once per impulse per target major power.
The USA may also attempt to declare a reactionary war
(see 8.7.2 MP 4) without having to play US 4 during the
political portion of the turn. If the US attempts a
Reactionary war, and all the attempted rolls on the ‘It’s
War Chart’ fail then the USA does not owe a US 4
reactionary declaration of war.
Unlike WiFFE, separate rolls are required when
attempting to declare war on Germany and Italy.
The following modifiers to the die roll on the ‘It’s War
Chart’ replace those indicated in WiFFE 9.4:
-
-2 versus a major power if it conquered the United
Kingdom from a Democratic Commonwealth.
-
-2 versus a major power if it conquered a Democratic
Nationalist China.
-
-1 versus a major power with a unit in an
unconquered Democratic Nationalist China.
-
-1 If the USA is already at war with any major power
in the same ideology.
-
+2 versus a major power with an unconquered home
country on the Pacific map (e.g. China,
Commonwealth, the Soviet Union and Japan at the
start of the game) if US entry option 26 has not been
played.
-
+3 to the die roll if the USA PM is 3/4 or higher.
If the US fails an entry roll, remove one tension and one
entry chit from the target major power’s tension pool and
entry pool respectively and return them to the common
entry pool.
If there are no chits in the major power’s entry pool or
tension pool to pick, then pick a chit from the common
chit pool and add it to the US entry pool.
15.11 Adding US Entry (WiFFE only)
If not playing 15.10, you may still play one of the WiFFE
US entry options specified in 15.10 (except 22 & 34)
during any WiFFE US entry step provided
(a) all the conditions in WiFFE 13.3.2 are adhered to;
(b) the option chosen is directed either to assist a
democratic major power that has a (any level) treaty
with the US and is at war with a non-democratic
major power; or against a major power at war with a
democratic major power; and
(c) the modified US entry (see 8.7.2 US4) against the
enemy major power is 50% greater than the US entry
level required to choose this option. Where no enemy
major power is specified, the US entry level against
every (non Vichy) major power in the ideology at
war with a democratic major power (US player’s
choice if more than one) is 50% greater than the US
entry level required.
Options may be played against Japan if she is at limited
war with China (see 8.7.2 JA 6) only if another fascist
major power is also currently at war with a democratic
major power.
Half the number in parenthesis to the right of the US
entry option is added to the USA’s entry total.
Example: The US decides they want to choose US entry
option 11, US east coast escorts. They can only choose
the option when Italy, Germany or the Soviet Union is at
war with a Democratic major power and the US entry
level against that major power (any if all are at war) is
more than 17. 4 US entry is added to the US’s total.
If the US instead had gone for entry option 25 (repair
Western Allies ships),she would have needed a total of 38
or more against every major power in one ideology one
of whose members is at war with a Democratic major
power that has a level one treaty with the USA.
When you go to war with a major power (or all major
powers in an ideology), you may choose every unchosen
option aimed against that major power (or all unchosen
options) as usual (see WiFFE 13.3.2).
16. Playing with World in Flames
DoD III can be played in conjunction with World in
Flames from the start of 1936. In effect, this lets you use
the World in Flames military rules in place of those
explained in rules 9. However, there are some other minor
rules changes (in addition to those interspersed
throughout the rules) necessary and these are explained
here.
Set aside all army and naval points. The World in
Flames combat counters are used instead.
All references to the USSR and the Soviet Union in
WiFFE and DoD III refer to the same major power.
Please consider the terms interchangeable for the
purposes of the game.
16.1 Total War: 1936~1946
This is not the end. This is not the beginning of the end.
It’s the beginning of the beginning. Now is the moment
that Fascism unleashes her claws. Can you tame the tiger?
First turn: Jan/Feb 1936
No. of turns: 66
Maps used: All
Initiative: Fascists +2, Communists +1, Democrats 0.
You do roll for initiative on the first turn (see 16.5).
Last weather modifier: Nil.
War status: All major powers are at peace with all other
major powers and minor countries except Italy is at
war with Ethiopia.
Set Up: Refer to the DoD III set-up chart below and
WiFFE 24.
Entry Chits: Optional, see 15.10 above.
Reserves: No major power has called out their reserves.
Control: As specified on the WiFFE maps except that
Austria and Czechoslovakia are neutral minor
countries;
the Rhineland (all hexes in Germany west of the
Rhine) is a neutral territory;
Ethiopia is a minor country directed by the
Commonwealth;
Italy controls all hexes in Ethiopia more than one hex
from Addis Ababa;
all Japanese controlled hexes in China and Hainan are
Nationalist Chinese controlled home country hexes;
and
Lan Chow and all adjacent hexes are communist
controlled.
Intelligence points: None.
Off-map production: NA.
At start Naval Treaty values: Classic ~ USA 10; USSR
15; Germany 16; France 18; CW 19; Italy 21; Japan
26.
Deluxe ~ Germany 16; USSR 20; USA 21; CW 33;
Italy 39; France 42; Japan 44.
CLiF ~ USA 31; USSR 35; Germany 40; France 51;
CW 64; Italy 69; Japan 78.
Special Rules: Remove Yeremenko, all SS units and all
Italian Ethiopian territorials from the game. Japan and
the USA start with a trade agreement (see WiFFE
5.1).
Special Victory conditions: None (see 4.).
Historical objectives: Nat. China ~ 4, CW ~ 23, France ~
7, Germany ~ 0, Italy ~ 0, Japan ~ 0, USA ~ 17 and
USSR (incl. Communist China) ~ 16.
16.2 Sequence of Play (WiFFE 3)
The DoD III political step is played before any of the
WiFFE steps.
16.3 Reinforcement Stage (WiFFE 4)
If the Naval treaty rules have not been suspended (see
8.7.1 IPO 15), then after all reinforcements are placed,
recheck the naval ratios and the PE modifiers (see 8.7.1
IPO 15).
If playing with the LiF leaders
The leader reinforcement rules, described in LiF 4.1, are
modified as follows:
- The leader rules are based on three sides,
corresponding to ideologies, instead of two as in
WiFFE.
- Franco is only added to the ‘cup’ immediately upon
Nationalist Spain coming into existence.
- Mannerheim and Franco are considered neutral
leaders, until Finland and a Nationalist Spain are
politically controlled by a major power. While each
country is so controlled, the corresponding leader is
considered to be a leader of its controlling major
power for vetoing purposes.
- See LiF 4.0 for rules on when to start Leader
reinforcement.
16.4 Lending Stage (WiFFE 5)
Lending resources and build points (money) is restricted
by a major power’s treaty level (see 8.7.2 MP 3 and 8.7.2
US 3) in addition to normal WiFFE rules. Also see 10.1.2
and 10.1.3 for rules regarding transportation of resources
and build points.
16.5 Ideological Initiative (WiFFE 6)
Major power initiative for purposes of the political step
has already been determined. This has no effect on the
conduct of military affairs. For purposes of determining
the order of actions in the military step, use a variant of
the World in Flames initiative rules modified to include
3 ideologies, not 2.
The ideological initiative track is on the Status Display.
During WiFFE’s Initiative stage, each ideology rolls one
die. The major power that rolls the die is the major power
from each ideology that is lowest on the initiative track.
Example: Germany is 1st in initiative, Italy is 2nd, the
USSR is 3rd, France is 4th the Commonwealth 5th, Japan
6th, the USA 7th and China 8th. For this turn Germany
would roll for the Fascists, the Soviet Union for the
Communists and France for the Democrats.
Add the box the ideological initiative marker is in to that
ideology’s roll.
The ideology that went first the previous turn loses all
ties. The ideology that went last the previous turn wins all
ties. For the first turn, the Fascists win all ties and the
Democrats lose all ties.
A major power rolling the die may demand a re-roll if its
ideology is in the +1 or +2 box. The ideology that came
last in the roll has first choice, and if that ideology
decides not to re-roll, the ideology that came second has
second choice to re-roll.
The initiative can only be re-rolled once. If a major power
demands a re-roll, move its ideology’s initiative marker
down one box on the track. All ideologies now re-roll the
die.
After resolving initiative, the ideology that has the second
highest initiative can elect to have their impulse after the
ideology with the lowest initiative. The ideology that is
highest in initiative then chooses where in the initiative
order it wishes to move.
Example: The Fascists win the initiative, the Democrats
are second and the Communists last. France decides that
the Democrats will have their impulse after the
Communists. Germany then decides that the Fascists will
have their impulse after both other ideologies. The
Communists therefore, must have their impulse first.
When playing with WiFFE 22.1 (Option 63) Intelligence,
and a major power chooses to secretly roll the next
initiative roll, it may keep the roll for its ideology or pass
it to one of the two other ideologies.
After an ideology is completely eliminated from the game
(e.g. the Soviet Union is completely conquered and the
Communist Chinese control no units or home country
cities) then use the standard WiFFE system for initiative.
16.6 The Action Stage (WiFFE 7-11)
An unaligned minor’s convoy points belong to the minor,
not the directing major power, until the minor is aligned
or completely conquered (see 12). Use a marker to
differentiate them from the major power’s.
Major Power units may not enter hexes controlled by
their directed minor countries, until aligned (see IPO 5).
The forces of an unaligned minor count against its
controlling or directing major power’s action limits.
Neutral major powers directing a minor country may pick
other actions apart from a combined action (see WiFFE
10.0). However the number of movements or attacks that
the major power itself may do is still limited as if it had
picked a combined action.
A major power directing a minor may not have the
minor’s land or air or naval units move into any hex
outside the minor’s original control (they may move into
sea zones/boxes), until the minor is aligned (see 8.7.2 MP
4).
A major power controls passage through a restricted
waterway if it can pass through that waterway as defined
in WiFFE 11.4.4. References to ‘the other side’ should
be changed to ‘a major power from another ideology.’
Germany may deny passage through the Kiel Canal at any
time to anyone. A major power may not deny any other
passage to a major power that is not at war with it, or a
major power it has a treaty with, unless it plays MP 4
against that major power.
A major power gains control of a minor’s restricted
waterway only if the minor is aligned or the waterway is
taken militarily.
Use the WiFFE rules regarding multiple states of war
except where modified below and in 8.7.2 MP 4.
During naval combat, if major powers from two
ideologies are at war with a major power from a third,
combine the two ideologies fleets for the naval combat.
If major powers from all three ideologies are at war with
each other, you fight a three way naval battle.
Example: The Soviet Union, Japan and the USA are all
at war with each other. The Commonwealth is at war with
Japan, but not the Soviet Union. Japan moves a fleet into
a sea area containing naval units of the other 3 major
powers. Japan then initiates a naval search in the sea
area. The USA and the Commonwealth are one side,
Japan is another and the Soviet Union is the third.
When such occurs each side rolls their respective search
roll. If only one side finds, then it chooses one of the
other sides to find. Then it goes on to pick which boxes
and one round of naval combat continues as normal. If
two sides find, then they conduct one round of naval
combat amongst themselves.
If all three sides find then the side with the highest
number of surprise points may elect to engage or avoid. If
it chooses to avoid, the other two sides conduct one round
of naval combat. If it chooses to engage, it decides which
side (or both if it prefers) will be included in this combat
round.
If there is a tie for the highest number of surprise points,
then the side that initiated the naval must engage, and gets
to choose which of the other two sides (or both if it
prefers) will be involved in this round of naval combat.
Example: Continuing the above example, all 3 sides roll
a search roll. Each side rolls well enough that some of
their units find. The Soviet side has zero surprise points
with regards to both the Japanese and the
US/Commonwealth. The Japanese have two surprise
points versus the Soviets and zero versus the
US/Commonwealth.. The US/Commonwealth have three
surprise points versus the Soviets and one versus the
Japanese side.
Since the US/Commonwealth have the most surprise
points, they decide to attack only the Fascists (Japan) this
round.
After one round of combat, each side (even the one not
involved) may elect to abort from the sea area as per
WiFFE 11.5.11. Then, if two or more sides still remain
continue on to the next search roll.
16.7 Last Impulse test (WiFFE 12)
This is identical to the procedure in WiFFE except:
a) You use DoD III’s Impulse track (see the Status
Display) rather than WIFFE’s;
b) each ideology rolls for the end of turn after its
turn;
c) you move the impulse marker after each
ideology has had its turn; and
d) passing modifies the die by -1 only if all major
powers in the ideology pass.
After the end of the impulses, adjust the ideological
markers on DoD III’s initiative track as follows:
(a) if an ideology had more impulses than both of the
others, move its marker one space towards the -1 box. If it
is already in the -1 box, it remains there and the other
ideology’s markers move one space towards the +2 box.
(b) if an ideology had fewer impulses than both of the
others, move its marker one space towards the +2 box. If
it is already in the +2 box, it remains there and the other
ideological markers move one space towards the -1 box.
16.8 US Entry (WiFFE 13.3)
Unless playing with option 15.10, WiFFE US entry is
replaced by the DoD III US entry rules.
16.9 Production (WiFFE 13.6)
Use the production rules in WiFFE 13.6, except as
modified by the DoD production rules (see 10.), and as
follows:
- Money (and debts) are still kept track of on the
money track. When playing with WiFFE 13.6.8
option 31, saved build points bought by money are
still represented on the map; and
- Nationalist China may only build one aircraft unit
until they have made a treaty with the USA or Soviet
Union.
If playing with the AiF-WiFFE supergame rules, the
following replaces the supergame’s Atomic research
rules.
Each major power may start researching the bomb from
the turn that major power and its level 3 treaty partners
have a sum of 10 or more research sites on-map, or
Jan/Feb 1945, whichever comes first.
The standard cost of each research roll is increased
throughout this campaign to 25 build points each, less 1
for each research site a major power and its level 3 treaty
partners have on-map. They still cost a minimum of 5 per
research roll even if a major power and its level 3 treaty
partners have more than 20 sites. The cost of a research
roll(s) may be divided amongst level 3 treaty partners. A
major power may deny another major power’s offer to
help pay for a research roll if it so chooses.
Research points are kept track of individually by major
powers. If a major power is the sole payer for a research
roll(s), disregarding the fact that it may have benefited
from its allies’ research centers, it may keep the results to
itself. Otherwise the results are shared amongst level 3
treaty partners.
Any major power may build research sites from the turn
the USA is at war with all Fascist major powers not
completely conquered.
Non-Democratic major powers pay 30 build points for
each site, and the Democratic major powers pay 25 build
points for each site. Reduce the cost of each site by 1
(minimum cost 10) for each on-map site that major
power, and any of its level 3 treaty partners, have. They
take 3 turns to build.
Each major power may only contribute towards the cost
of 1 research site per turn. When they arrive as
reinforcements, they must be placed in the home country
of the major power that contributed the most to its cost.
Research sites may be destroyed in the same manner as
factories (if playing WiFFE option 30) after all other
targets in the hex have been destroyed.
The research sites on the AiF maps are ignored.
16.10 Conquest (WiFFE 13.7.1)
Use the DoD III conquest rules (see 12. above) instead of
WiFFE.
16.11 Allied Support (WiFFE 13.7.2)
Ignore this step unless playing with DoD III 15.10.
16.12 Mutual Peace (WiFFE 13.7.3)
Major powers may only come to mutual peace by playing
their MP 5 (see 8.7.2), except Italy and France who can
do it through play of IT 6 and FR 7.
16.13 Vichy Declaration (WiFFE 13.7.4)
This step is ignored (Vichy declaration is now one form
of surrender ~ see 8.7.2 MP 5).
16.14 Liberation (WiFFE 13.7.5)
The effects of liberation occur upon the playing of IPO 6.
Hexes and countries may be reverted subject to the treaty
rules (see 8.7.2 MP 3) and combined war aims (see 8.7.1
IPO 13).
16.15 Surrender (WiFFE 13.7.6)
This step only applies to minors (including minors that
are involved in a civil war). The effects of major powers’
surrendering occur upon the playing of 8.7.2 MP 5.
16.16 Victory Check (WiFFE 13.8)
Use the DoD III rules (see 4. above) to determine if the
game has been won. If it hasn’t, apply the WiFFE final
reorganisation rules, and then have another game turn.
16.17 Intelligence (WiFFE 22.1)
The Intelligence rules are based on three sides,
corresponding to ideologies, instead of two as in WiFFE.
They are not used until at least three major powers are at
war with other major powers.
If a major power is the only major power in its ideology it
receives two intelligence operations at no cost.
If the Democrats tie for the highest roll they are assumed
to have out-rolled the other ideologies by one.
If the Fascists and Communists tie for the highest roll
they have both out-rolled their opponent by one (i.e. they
both get to collect 1 intelligence point per multiple).
17. Converting to World in Flames
DoD III can be played with or without World in Flames.
Another option is to convert to playing with World in
Flames after a certain point. Playing this way is a good
choice if you want to get to the main event (World War
II) as quickly as possible. You can convert at the end of
any turn provided all players agree.
17.1 Converting Army and Naval
Points
First, you place all available World in Flames units into
the relevant force pools (see WIFFE 24.1.5).
If you are not at war with another major power, you now
must remove all your reserve units from the game and
subtract their build point total from your on map army
points. You choose which territories to subtract these
army points from.
If there aren’t sufficient army points on the map to cover
the cost of all reserve units, those reserve units not paid
for are set aside. They will not be set up on the map when
you are next at war, instead going into your force pools at
that time.
Next, in each territory in which you have army points,
you must replace them with World in Flames land or
aircraft (except NAV) units that have a build point cost
equal to the number of army points. You can have units
worth less build points than the army points they replace
if you wish.
You may (if you wish) replace army points in your home
country with units on the production circle as if you had
built them during this turn. So, if you replace five army
points with a LND, you could put it three turns ahead on
the spiral. This is important in determining your gearing
limits for the next turn. If you put nothing on the spiral,
your limit will be only 1 of each type in the first turn.
If playing with Planes in Flames, you must also pay for
pilots. The aircraft purchased may only be randomly
chosen from those available in this or previous years. If
you build more units than this, you must pay the extra
cost for building ahead (see WiFFE 13.6.5).
In each territory in which you have naval points, you
must replace them with World in Flames naval and/or
naval aircraft units that have a build point cost equal to
the number of naval points. You may have units worth
less build points than the naval points they replace if you
wish.
You may replace naval points in your home country with
units in the construction pool, or on the production circle
as if you had built them during this turn. Those in the
construction pool cost only the first cycle cost of
production, not the cost for both cycles. Those on the
production circle cost the first cycle cost if you place
them face-down and both cycle costs if you place them
face-up.
Example: Germany could replace three naval points in
Germany by putting the Prinz Eugen in the construction
pool or face down five turns ahead on the spiral
Alternatively, Germany could replace eight points in
Germany with the Prinz Eugen on the WiFFE map or
face up five turns ahead.
Although you choose the type of unit to be built, the
actual unit chosen from the specific force pool is
randomly chosen.
If a force pool contains no units, you may build ahead
provided you pay the extra cost (see WiFFE 13.6.5).
Your major power’s points in a minor country that you
control (other than those you have conquered) must be
that minor country’s units if possible. Excess points can
be your major power’s.
17.2 Converting Offensive Points
The player in the highest (worst) initiative position
chooses a territory with offensive points into it to be
converted. Each player with offensive points into the
territory converts a point in initiative order. Then they do
so again and continue until all their points are used up.
Then the player in the next highest initiative position
selects a territory to convert and so on.
Offensive points into a territory are converted into control
of hexes in that territory. Each offensive point converts
into an 8 movement point advance into the territory as if a
motorised unit was moving in fine weather.
Pick a hex in the territory adjacent to a hex you control,
then a second adjacent to the first, then a third adjacent to
the second, and so on. Count the movement point cost of
each hex taken (including terrain but not weather). You
stop when you have expended up to 8 movement points.
Each hex containing a fort or fort hexsides cost double
normal terrain costs for the purposes of this calculation.
You can always take 1 hex with an offensive, even if it
would cost more than 8 movement points (e.g. a swamp).
After the end of the advance, any hex or group of hexes
wholly surrounded by your controlled hexes also becomes
yours (even if they contained enemy cities). This means
that you can only take most coastal hexes by advancing
through them because they usually can’t be surrounded
by hexes you control.
After each advance, the defender has a one hex counter
attack. You can take any hex in the territory adjacent to a
hex or land section you control. It needn’t be one of the
hexes just taken. If this leaves an enemy hex or group of
hexes surrounded by hexes controlled by you, they also
become yours.
You can take an off-map box’s land section by the
expenditure of 5 offensive points. The defender does not
get a chance to recapture the land section.
Example: Germany has one offensive point into France
as well as controlling Germany and Belgium when the
players decide to convert to World in flames. The German
player takes the 3 French coastal hexes from Calais to
Rouen, W1531, W1430, Paris, W1230 and W1130. These
8 hexes are all clear, so the total movement point cost is
8.
All hexes in the isolated region (including Lille) become
German controlled. The French now get to counter-attack
a hex adjacent to a hex they control, and decide to
recapture Paris.
If you don’t have enough offensive points to conquer a
country, you can’t take control of the last hex necessary
to conquer that country (even if possible with the number
of offensive points you have, as it is in France, for
example).
If you can’t apply your offensive points because you
don’t control any hex adjacent to the target territory, all
those offensive points are lost.
To convert an invasion, select an initial hex in the
invaded country that is on the coast of the sea area you
invaded from. If there are two World in Flames sea areas
where there is only one DoD III sea area, you can pick
either. The first offensive point is converted from this
hex. All offensive points converted from a beachhead
only have 6 hex advances, not the normal 8. The counter
attack is still one hex.
To convert a civil war, set-up the remaining army points
as if the civil war had only commenced (see IPO 4),
except that all resources, factories and cities conquered to
date remain under the control of the protagonist who has
gained offensive points against the other.
17.3 Setting Up
After all conversions players, in reverse initiative order,
must set up their units. If units are in a territory adjacent
to another in which you have converted offensive points
into hexes, the units can be set up in either area.
Example: Germany has converted its army points in East
Poland and Bessarabia into land and aircraft units. It has
converted its offensive points into the Soviet Union and
the Ukraine into control of hexes. It can set up one or
more of its Bessarabian units in the Ukraine instead.
Those in East Poland can set up in the Ukraine or the
Soviet Union instead.
Minor country units must observe the limit on how many
can leave their home country and which territory they can
enter.
17.4 Rule Effects after Conversion
Now you start playing the game from this point using the
modified sequence of play explained in 16.2.
18. Player’s Notes
Having read the rules, you are probably saying, “What
does all that mean?” Days of Decision was bad enough
(many called it “Daze of Decision”). It had some 4
million possible outcomes. Days of Decision III has
some hundred trillion possible outcomes (“Just Great” I
hear you groan).
Don’t despair. The good thing about Days of Decision III
is that it breaks down into sub-systems, each of which can
be discussed in an attempt to optimize your game play.
These players’ notes go through these sub-systems,
providing help that will hopefully clear the fog.
Grand Strategy
At the start of the game, it is the Fascists who set the
tempo. They can gear up virtually at will, and (except for
Italy) can declare war on countries without a casus
bellum. At least initially, they also have a superior
political effectiveness.
However, the Fascists cannot act with impunity. The
Democrats and Communists control the majority of the
World’s resources, and a rash gear up or declaration of
war can have the Democrats goose-stepping into Berlin
by 1938.
The best approach to take is to decide on a long-term
strategy. What are your goals? Who amongst your
opponents is the most trustworthy to have a treaty with?
Who are your likely enemies?
The answers to these questions differ with each game. As
the Soviet Union, you have good reason to fear Germany,
but what if the aggressive players in your group are
playing the USA, China and Japan. Will they get together
in an unholy alliance to rip Siberia off you? Maybe a
Nazi-Soviet Pact is not such a bad idea after all. Don’t
forget however, that although you will have greater
security, so will your treaty partner. Signing a treaty
might mean that you could never go to war with that
major power for the rest of the game.
The following will give you some guidance as to your
best long-term goals.
Ideologies, the 3-legged chair
The major powers are split up into three ideologies,
making the political situation inherently unstable. Of
course 2 ideologies can gang up on a third and possibly
beat it, but that will leave you facing the other successful
ideology. If the forces are unbalanced, the Cold War can
quickly become Hot (yes, you are allowed to try out
Patton’s fantasy scenario if you wish, provided you leave
at least a small portion of the third ideology
unconquered).
Your best bet is to not trust either of the other ideologies
at all. Particularly as the Soviet Union (as she is in the
smallest ideology, strength wise), a good dose of Stalin’s
paranoia may just save your country.
Always remember Lincoln’s dictum “One war at a time”.
Try to tie up treaties with major powers you distrust, or
ones you want trade agreements with. Then concentrate
with all your available forces against one (hopefully
weaker) foe (why send a thousand when ten thousand do
the job ten times better).
By subtle negotiation with your potential partners (and
foes), you should be able to minimize the possibilities of
a two front war.
Economic Imperatives
Of the three factions, the Fascists start the game with the
weakest position having few resources for their vast
factory network. Before gearing up, the Fascists must
sign minor economic agreements and major power trade
treaties to build up their resources. This will allow your
factories to maximize their production.
Be careful about when you gear-up. It will usually trigger
a gear-up by your adversaries. For example, as Germany,
do not gear up unless you have a higher initiative than the
CW, or the CW is so high up that she is unlikely to play
an option this turn. This guarantees you a one-turn head
start at least as against the CW gear-up.
The other ideologies have the reverse problem. Too many
resources and not enough factories (or gearing limits).
Even though it also helps the Fascists, a trade agreement
with them can benefit you.
Alternatively, if you want to be devious, you could
propose an agreement with the Fascists. If they accept,
you then demand resources from them (trading them for
factories). It may hurt you but could cripple the Fascists.
If you are the Soviet Union, be careful of this option, as it
weakens the Communists and the Fascists, leaving the
Democrats in an even stronger position.
If you do decide that it is time for some major power
pacts, it is far better to have a couple of level 2 or 3
treaties with major powers that you believe will support
you, rather than a broad scattering of level 1 treaties. If
you do get attacked, you want your allies to pitch in as
soon as possible, and that usually requires a level 3 treaty.
If you suddenly find you need allies, you could be
conquered before your treaties are in place.
The major powers in each ideology should assist each
other to an extent. After all, you have no chance of
winning if your ideology doesn’t win. Having said that, it
is pointless helping an ally at your expense. You must get
something from each deal.
It is possible for Germany to be at war with the Soviet
Union, without any Democrats being at war with
Germany. If this happens in your game, and you are the
Democrats, you probably should help the Soviet Union
any way you can. As they are from another ideology,
Germany declaring war on the Soviet Union is not a
casus bellum to you (that requires a level 3 treaty). You
can however infuse a massive amount of support each
turn and should take advantage of this until you are at war
with Germany (if you are playing the optional “Treaty
with the Devil” rule, this may not take too long).
If you play with people who blackmail you into doing
things (“Do what I want or I will make sure we lose”),
short of playing with others, play the “Totally Wild”
scenario, and motor on out to another ideology, crush that
player, and then get on with the game.
The Status Display and manipulating minors
This is the heart of the minor country control system.
Initially, the array of possible minors you can control may
appear overwhelming. However, many of the minor
countries are difficult to control because they don’t like
you or remain unaffected by what you do.
Secondly, some major powers are larger and more
important than others are. These are the minors that you
should concentrate on (do you really care as the Soviet
Union, that Chile is condemning you in their Parliament).
Decide which countries are critical to you and which are
not. Of the important minors, try to structure your
strategy to maximize the number of them that like you. If
you find that you cannot bend the most important of them
to your will, consider an invasion to make them more
amenable.
When actually moving the minors, pick those that
maximize your benefits. For example, if Yugoslavia has
an enemy’s (or potential enemy’s) +1 on it while it is still
in its at start position, the activation of it will remove that
+1 without it moving (hexes cost 2 movement points in
the neutral zone).
Another good move is to activate a minor with a lot of
negative modifiers to a major power from another
ideology. If you grab it before the 3rd ideology does, you
should be able to move it towards you rather than them.
Finally, you can set-up ‘Ping-Pong’ zones, where you get
rid of negatives to you, by positioning yourself and
another major power from the same ideology at opposite
ends of the ideology and bounce the minor between you.
The only problem with this strategy is that the other major
powers will see what is going on and will do anything to
get positive modifiers to them, so that the minor slips out
of your grasp.
US Entry
The US is potentially the most powerful country in the
world. However, she is reluctant to get involved in
foreign wars.
You as a major power must decide whether you believe it
is better to have the US in as soon as possible, or whether
it is better to try to weaken your opponents by conquering
their controlled minors (or those with economic
agreements with them).
For example, the Soviet Union could be good, on the
assumption that the US’s targets are the Fascists, or the
Soviet Union could invade the Balkans cutting off the
vital Rumanian oil fields to Germany. Unfortunately, if
you get it wrong, you might find the US at war with you
(even while all other major powers are at peace).
As the US, you should be constantly negotiating your
Allies actions, particularly as you come closer to war with
one or more major powers. For example, if Germany
gears up (increasing US Entry) and this gets close to the
magic number of 60, try to persuade your Allies not to
respond until you are at war with Germany. After all,
there’s nothing worse than spending the whole game on
the sidelines, while your so-called allies are more
rapacious than Genghis Khan.
I hope these strategic hints help you with the big picture.
Now for some tactical hints.
Initiative
The first action you must decide upon in a turn is how
much to bid for the initiative. This is not as easy as it
looks. Initiative controls nearly all facets of the game and
a lesser (better, with 1st being best) initiative usually
gives you more muscle than your opponents (even down
to who controls minor countries and their resources).
Having said that, you should not repeat what one of my
playtesters did. Playing France, he spent so much money
buying bid points and playing options that he forgot to
build up his army. France was conquered the turn
Germany declared war on her, and French dreams of
world domination were brutally shattered.
The best bet is to alternate periods of frenetic activity
followed by periods of calm where you build up your
stock of bid points cheaply (playing option 0(g) for
example). By keeping a reserve of bid points, you can
almost guarantee playing those options that are crucial
(e.g. a declaration of war when you get those magic casus
belli).
You should also cooperate with your ideological partners
in alternating when you go for those high bids. There’s
nothing more depressing than being gazumped by your
so-called ally.
The other good reason to alternate high bids is that you
want some of the major powers in your ideology to “use
up” the popular International Political Options this turn
(e.g. the minor economic agreement option - IPO 2), thus
denying their use to other major powers.
In any event, provided your PE is above 0, you should
always bid 1 as a minimum (provided you have 1), as this
gives you at least a chance of playing an option, and if
you successfully play 0(g), you will get triple your money
back. As well, if you bid 0, you will lose much of the
benefit of your “Add to Bid” modifier (as you must be
placed after all major powers that did bid, irrespective of
your modified bid).
Democrats have the special ability to drop down the order
of initiative. As this will dramatically reduce your
chances of playing an option, this ability should not be
used unless you are pretty certain that you will need to
respond to another major power’s actions this turn.
Movement, Combat and Initiative
This is one of those many cases when initiative can have
far reaching ramifications.
Basically, if you get to react to your opponent’s move,
you can set up for an attack where they are weakest. For
example, if the CW is forced to move first, she must split
up her naval points to cover many possible attacks from
her enemies when it is their turn.
Spending a couple of bid points extra, could, in these
circumstances save you a fortune in destroyed army and
naval forces.
If you do get to react to your enemy’s moves, try to move
your forces so that you will be attacking a weakly held
territory. In this way you will quickly advance towards
the enemy’s Capital, maximizing the numbers of
resources and factories you deny the enemy, while having
them for your own use.
If you are forced to move first, you’ll need extra naval
points placed in the sea areas in which you are trying to
transport resources. Furthermore, you should move army
points so that your territories are as evenly defended as
possible. If you leave weak territories they will just be
attacked.
When fighting a battle at sea, offensive points are
ignored. Thus, provided you are happy to lose control of
the sea area this turn, commit low (but above 10:1), in the
hope that the enemy will commit a large force, lose some
of it and have little left for pursuit. These hit and run raids
can do damage out of all proportion to the forces
committed, much as the tiny Kriegsmarine sunk enemy
tonnage far out of proportion to its size (or lack of it).
Conclusion
Never give up (unless every territory is conquered). The
more it looks like you are going down to some rapacious
enemy, the more concerned the neutral major powers will
be. When disaster is looming and all else fails, squeal
long, loud and plaintively.
Good Luck and Good Gaming!
19. Designer’s Notes
Well 14 years (off and on) of hard work has at last
produced the game that was the most difficult I have ever
had to design.
American and Australian designers tend to pick their
favourite topic (Battle of the Bulge, Railways, or 1936
politics?!?), and then try to think up systems that will
work.
European designers tend to think up a system that is clean
and fun, and then think up a topic that will fit (e.g. a
trading game set in Ali Baba’s time that has been recently
re-released is a rehash of an old insurance trading game).
The latter methodology tends to produce games that are a
lot of fun (e.g. Kremlin, Six-Day Race or Britannia), if on
rather obscure and bizarre topics (e.g. Kremlin, Six-Day
Race or Britannia).
I got the worst of all possible worlds. Not only was my
topic chosen for me (due to the success of DoD I), but
also I was straitjacketed with the systems I could employ,
as the game had to conform to World in Flames. This,
probably more than any other reason, is why this game
has taken so long to produce. I hope you are pleased with
the result.
The base for commencing the re-design of Days of
Decision started with her predecessors, DoD I & DoD II.
Some of DoD I’s good points were the ability to play
options that have a historical effect on minors, while still
giving you a large range of options.
Unfortunately, DoD I also had some shortcomings, the
three most notable being:
(a) DoD I ended at the start of General War. After all the
machinations in preparing for war, the big day arrives, the
curtain goes up and the game is over;
(b) there were only 2 ideologies (the Fascists and the
Allies), which could not at all represent the argy-bargy
that occurred between the Communists and the Democrats
(after all they nearly went to war with each other); and
(c) the options were too limited (only 4 million possible
outcomes).
The solution to (a) was easy in concept (play on, play on
and play the game), but difficult in execution. You
couldn’t just continue the game with the options provided
in DoD I, as there just weren’t enough.
If I had used the approach taken in DoD I (1 card has 1
action to one country), there would have been 1000
options, it would have cost a fortune, taken a truck to
drive home, and (surely not least?) have been totally
unplayable (imagine how long it would have taken just to
look at your options).
But I also wanted to maintain the personality in the
politics. Without personality, you lose the feeling that you
are the leaders of a major power trying to cajole the
leaders of lesser powers that yours are the right policies.
Once you lose that role-playing feel, you soon lose
interest in the game, as you realize you could be playing
Hamburger wars for all the feel you get from the game.
The solution chosen was to have a set of cards that have
the actions on them, and a separate treaty/war chart when
applying those actions to a country. This 2-dimensional
approach allows a large number of actions to happen
(even a German military pact with Siam, or a coup in
Ecuador) without a large number of cards required.
This solution also solved (c), as there are now trillions of
options with only 8 more options than DoD I (98 to 90)!
The solution to (b) was to add a 3rd ideology. Again, this
is easy in concept, but again difficult in execution. The
original spokes system was unsatisfactory, as there were
only ideological modifiers, not major power ones.
The solution used is the device found in DoD III (the
status display). It was the fourth one tried, after first
attempting to use spokes, circles and wheels within
wheels. The result (hopefully) is an aesthetically pleasing
display that trimensionally shows the political status of
minors.
The next great hurdle was to produce a game that did not
have a lot of mechanistic functions taking up time in
tedium, rather than in decision making (which is
hopefully more fun for players).
As an example, an earlier version of the game had you
moving all minors on the display as you play an option.
This resulted in little movement (most of the +/-1’s were
ignored) taking up a lot of time.
Now that you only place control markers in the minors
when you play an option, and then only resolve those
markers for one minor, the system is faster and cleaner
with no loss in realism. It also requires much more
decision making, as you must decide which minor is the
optimal one to activate.
The only loss is that you only take “snapshots” of the
position of the countries, and you could be missing out on
vital resources and factories until you get to activate that
minor. In playtesting, this was found not to be a problem,
as players quickly work out which minors will benefit
them now, and activate them accordingly.
The minors who tend to be activated less are those that
have not been impacted much or those minors that are not
very important. This self adjusting system means that
there is usually the same number of control markers on
the map throughout the game, while at the same time not
having wild swings in minors’ movement when they do
move (unless they are declared war on).
The actual conversion of DoD III to World in Flames
was the easiest of the problems to solve, once the money
points were made equivalent to build points. Now you
can convert from DoD III to WiFFE whenever you like.
Just keep in mind that the combat systems are radically
different between the two games, and if you convert to
WiFFE during the game, you may have a radically
different position to that you would have, if you played
with WiFFE from the start.
Next, many of the exceptions and special rules included
in DoD I (e.g. The Spanish Civil War or Vichy France)
have been standardized and streamlined. This
streamlining has dramatically reduced the rules problems
or contradictions inherent in any reasonably sophisticated
game (i.e. those with lots of rules).
One of the hardest areas was the requirement to create
DoD III based on DoD II but upgraded to World in
Flames final standard. This meant not only changes to all
the WiF rules that have changed since WiF5, but even
things as fundamental as what shaped dice to use.
After all these changes, I believe that DoD III is the
complete game that DoD I never was and DoD II aspired
to be. I hope you find it as enjoyable as I do (anyone for a
game?). After 14 years hard-work, I just pray you don’t
play DoD III only to say “Its OK, but not as good as DoD
I”.
20. Historical Notes
One thing that has always surprised me is how few games
there are on the politics leading up to World War II.
Similarly, I have noticed that there were never any essay
questions in history classes about this subject. I can only
conclude that the reason for this is a general belief that
Hitler was a monster determined on World domination
and it was only the moral fortitude of the Allied powers
that saved the world for democracy.
Well, of course this is childish gibberish, as even a
cursory review of history will show. I mean, wasn’t it the
British Prime Minister who, in 1938, signed away
Czechoslovakia’s independence with his now infamous
“Peace in our time”. Czechoslovakia had an army the
equal of Germany’s and fortifications and defensive
terrain better than France’s vaunted Maginot line.
Furthermore, wasn’t it the Soviet Union who, in 1939,
signed a non-aggression pact with Germany (Communists
and Nazis?) that allowed Germany to attack Poland and
France unhindered by the Soviet Union?
Anyone who is interested in this period in history must be
puzzled by these anomalous facts and should be interested
in finding out their causes. But no, there is a deafening
silence by nearly all historians.
One of the few historians to have tackled this ticklish
subject is A. J. P. Taylor in his excellent book “The
Origins of the Second World War”. I suspect that one
reason for this silence is that anyone who tries to go
against the “Hitler madman” orthodoxy is accused of
being a closet Nazi. Not only was A. J. P. Taylor accused
of this, but his book was also used, by real live Neo-nazis,
to prove that Hitler wasn’t such a bad chap at all. A. J. P.
Taylor had to write a foreword to his second edition
defending his position.
Of course Hitler was evil, the world’s greatest ever mass
murderer, to murder 20 million Soviet citizens and all
Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, mentally and physically
handicapped, etc, etc, that displeased him but this does
not explain the origins of World War II. It only explains
his twisted view of perfection.
As well as being evil, this was just stupid. If he hadn’t
persecuted so many of his people, including some of the
brightest scientists in the world (e.g. Albert Einstein) then
Germany may well have made the first atom bomb and
then we would have seen evil in action that beggars
description.
The real reason that the “Hitler Madman” orthodoxy was
propagated by the victorious powers was due to the
Nuremberg trials held at the end of the war. All the major
Allied Powers were represented at these trials and they
agreed amongst themselves that they would not accuse
each other of complicity in allowing Hitler room to
almost destroy them.
They were also very selective in what constituted a war
crime. German occupation policy in Europe was a war
crime, Japanese treatment of POWs was a war crime, and
gassing Jews was definitely a war crime, but bombing
cities full of civilians wasn’t.
Well of course it was a war crime in 1940 when Germany
was bombing London and Coventry, but perhaps not so
much in 1945 when Americans and British were bombing
Berlin, Dresden and Tokyo.
The victorious Allies therefore accused a procession of
German and Japanese generals (not Italians, as they were
Allies by then and therefore, by definition, could not have
had anything to do with the war’s cause) of carefully
defined crimes against humanity. These Generals stated
that they were just following orders. This suited
everybody, even the German people themselves, as they
weren’t guilty, they had just been duped by Hitler.
And where was Hitler? Dead in his bunker. Where were
all the files? Destroyed by Allied bombing and the Allied
advance. Everyone was happy. A few German and
Japanese Generals were hanged, everyone else was
absolved of blame and we could now all get back to the
terrifying game of power politics between the former
allies (the USA vs. the Soviet Union).
And now, having not learnt much from the last war, we
are poised for the next, facing a catastrophe that would
dwarf the evil of the 50 million murdered in the last, and
possibly exterminate the human species. We who do not
learn from history are condemned to repeat it.
Anyway, I hope the following will give a different
perspective as to the origins of the Second World War.
When Hitler became Chancellor in 1933, he was placed
in charge of a nation that was doubly crippled. Firstly,
Germany was still in the depths of what came to be
known as the “Great Depression” and secondly was
hobbled by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
This treaty was put in place by the victorious Allies from
the First World War and was supposed to destroy
Germany as a major power for all time. Of course this
could only be achieved by continual occupation. The
French recognized this and, at Versailles, suggested that
Germany should be broken up into its pre-1870
principalities. This would have stopped a World War with
Germany (although, the power vacuum that this would
have created in Central Europe may well have led to a
war between Britain and France or the Soviet Union
against both these countries).
In any event, Woodrow Wilson, the US President refused
to countenance this and so France decided on huge
reparations from Germany to make her pay for the war.
Wilson did not believe that reparations would solve
anything but acquiesced to French determination. A
Reparations Commission was established to determine the
final amount due. This gave the message to Germany that
they were to continue paying until told to stop.
The USA (always against reparations) waived its rights to
reparations and in fact provided loans to Germany.
However the USA insisted on the redemption of loans
loaned to France and England during the war. This led to
the farcical situation of German money being repatriated
to France and the Commonwealth and from there to the
USA, which was promptly returned to Germany in the
form of a loan (not unlike the current third world debt
problem). Meanwhile, the Germans blamed all their ill
fortune on reparations, and the people of France were
disgruntled as their taxes were increased to pay for the
war loans that their leaders told them were going to be
repaid by Germany. If ever there was a bad treaty,
Versailles was it.
Due to all of this, any German leader who promised to
repudiate the Treaty of Versailles was bound to be
popular. Furthermore, by the time that Hitler became
Chancellor, France had basically given up trying to
enforce the Treaty of Versailles. France had briefly
occupied the Rhineland in 1923, but this had cost the
French treasury a fortune and achieved nothing. Every
time France threatened to throttle Germany, Germany
threatened to die (by succumbing to revolution). As the
greatest threat to the Allies was Communist domination
of Central Europe, this German threat was always more
potent than the French threat.
So when Hitler started to renounce the terms of the treaty,
the Allies did nothing. In January 1935, according to the
terms of the treaty, an election was to be held in the Saar.
The voters of the Saar voted overwhelmingly to join the
Reich. This proved to Hitler the superiority of German
nationalism. By May 1935, Hitler announced the
repudiation of all limitations of German re-armament.
Then in late 1935, Mussolini invaded Abyssinia (modern
day Ethiopia). The League of Nations “condemned” Italy
but did nothing. This proved to the Fascist powers that the
League was a toothless tiger.
In March 1936 Hitler took the gamble of occupying the
Rhineland. General Gamelin, the French Chief of Staff
stated that of course the Germans could be ejected from
the Rhineland, but then proceeded to list a large number
of objections. In the end, the Allies took no action. This
response to German aggression started to become the
norm. The reason being that, by now, many French and
Britons thought that the Treaty of Versailles was a bad
treaty and believed that Germany should regain much of
her territory lost in the First World War (a total of 13.5%
of her pre-1914 boundaries was given to other countries).
In the next two years, Germany frantically re-armed.
Although the Allies were aware that this was happening,
they did not react as vigorously due to lack of money and
will. This was not such a bad thing as one of the main
causes of the First World War was the arms race between
the major powers.
Then in 1938, the action began to speed up. In February,
Schüschnigg, the Austrian Chancellor, requested a
meeting with Hitler to discuss evidence he had of Nazi
interference in Austrian affairs. Hitler, ever the
opportunist, agreed to the meeting and then began to
bully Schüschnigg, firstly to make Seyss-Inquart (an
Austrian Nazi) the Interior Minister (in charge of Police)
and also insisted that Austria was to coordinate foreign
policy with Germany. In return, Hitler would transfer
Austrian Nazi agitators to “the residence of the Reich”.
This agreement of 12 February was not the end of
Austria, merely a further step in the “evolutionary
solution” which would result in Austrian incorporation
into the Reich.
When Schüschnigg returned to Austria, he repudiated the
agreement and stated that he would hold a snap plebiscite
on the future of Austria. This was a slap in the face that
Hitler would not tolerate. On March 12, 1938 Germany
invaded Austria to the tumultuous cheers of the people of
Austria. On the 10th April 1938, Hitler held an election of
the incorporation of Austria into the Reich. This
Anschluss was submitted for approval to the people of
Austria and approved by 99% of the population, a true
reflection of Austrian feeling towards Germany. Hitler
did not provoke this crisis but did take advantage of the
opportunity it opened up to him.
The occupation of Austria left Czechoslovakia militarily
compromised. Her fortifications faced Germany, not
Austria. Hitler decided to take advantage of this in his, by
now, usual way. This was to rant about the unfairness of
the German people being down-trodden and how he had
better get his own way or else there would be trouble. The
Allies responded in their usual way by being sympathetic
to German complaints, but insisting that there must be a
better way than violence. They could hardly say anything
else, as the democracies had been telling their people for
the last 20 years that the First World War was the “war to
end all wars”.
So, instead of putting pressure on the Germans, the
British started putting pressure onto Czechoslovakia.
Finally, on 30 September 1938, an agreement was signed
between Britain and Germany (Czechoslovakian
representatives were excluded) to partition
Czechoslovakia. Benes, the Prime Minister of
Czechoslovakia could only acquiesce. Hitler was not to
know it, but this really was the last concession the Allies
were willing to make (the Allies had said this about every
concession).
In March 1939, the rump state of Czechoslovakia was
finally dismembered by Germany, Poland and Hungary.
Although this was the natural dissolution of an internally
weakened state (the Czechs started fighting the Slovaks),
the British and French thought that this was treachery of
the highest order. At last, they began to act.
In April, the British signed a military alliance with
Poland, quickly followed by further agreements with
Rumania and Greece. Although the agreement with
Poland was to include money for armaments, the British
changed this to financial credits. Then the credits were
allowed only to buy British arms. The Poles then asked
for tanks and planes but the British had none to spare
until 1941. In the end, not one penny of British military
aid reached Poland before the German invasion.
The rest, as they say, is history. In August, Hitler started
trumpeting his claims for Poland. Stalin, terrified that
France and Britain was trying to get Germany to declare
war on the Soviet Union in the hope that they would
destroy each other (not an unhappy notion for the French
and British leaders it must be admitted), came to a non-
aggression pact with Hitler. This pact would partition
Poland and move the Soviet border 400 kilometers to the
west. This was an excellent bargain for Stalin that
guaranteed that Germany would be at war with Britain
and France before she would be at war with the Soviet
Union.
Hitler was sure that the Allies would back down like they
always had. This time Britain (with France dragging
along behind) was not going to back down. This political
game of ‘chicken’ resulted in the British and French
declaration of war on Germany and the commencement of
the Second World War.
The irony of all this was that for Hitler, supposedly bent
on world domination, ended up in a war that he did not
want to fight, allied to a country he had publicly written
he wanted to destroy.
Hitler had no coherent plan for world domination. He did
intend to create Lebensraum (Living Space) in the East
but even this did not go so far as the complete destruction
of the Soviet Union. This he never achieved. He certainly
had no intention of conquering Western Europe (which,
except for Britain, he did achieve). In 1935 he in fact
confirmed the Western European borders while
repudiating those in the East. The final irony of all was
that it was the Allies that declared war on Germany and
not the other way around.
Ever since, appeasement has unfairly become a dirty
word. A little more appeasement prior to the First World
War may well have averted it. A little less prior to WWII
may have averted it.
Perhaps the lesson of all this is to negotiate honestly and
from a position of fairness. Do not constantly contradict
yourself in negotiations, and when you have reached your
final position make this known to the people you are
negotiating with. Many statesmen from many countries
were at fault and “caused” the Second World War.
Perhaps, if we have the courage and honesty to negotiate
as equals amongst the major powers of today, there will
not be a third.
Since writing this essay in Days of Decision I, some
commentators have called my views “Appeasement”.
Anybody who knows me knows that appeasement is not
one of my qualities. My answer to them is “dogmatic
determinism” can be far more dangerous than
appeasement, and better than both of these is consistency.
To sum up my views, I can say it no better than D.C.
Large, who, at the end of his book “Between Two Fires”
said:
“Sensible caution regarding the ‘use’ of the Munich
legacy - or any historical legacy - seems definitely in
order. The alleged great lessons of Munich have been
used to discredit all sorts of bargains and compromises,
intelligent or not. Munich has been turned into a
rhetorical blunt instrument with which to pulverize
political flexibility. Its primitive exploitation, indeed,
illustrates the dangers of simplistic metaphorical and
symbolic thinking, which is essentially non-rational and
polemical. Is the situation in Nicaragua, for example,
really illuminated by references to Munich? Does not this
alleged analogy obscure the complexities of both cases?
And if one has erred in the past, does one necessarily
profit from taking the opposite action ever after? Must we
behave like the proverbial cat, that having once sat on a
hot oven, will never sit on an oven again, not even a cold
one? To be more specific: most of us agree that
Chamberlain’s policy in 1938 was misconceived, but can
we afford simply to take the opposite tack in our present,
nuclear era?”
To illustrate this point, let us take a present case (where
my “nuke ’em till they glow” critics do not have the
benefit of hindsight), say Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan is a member of the nuclear club. Many former
Soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles were stationed
there. They have now all supposedly been dismantled and
returned to Russia but rumours have surfaced that the
president keeps a couple in his garage, just for ‘a rainy
day’.
Should we appease Kazakhstan or nuke them. Do we
even know who there leaders are or what are their
policies? How can anyone apriori pronounce judgment on
how we should act towards Kazakhstan because France
and the Commonwealth appeased Hitler some 56 years
ago. Even the thought of it is preposterous, but not to our
armchair generals. To them politics is just the
continuation of war after you have run out of bullets.
Thank you for your kind attention to my ravings, and I
guess if I am saying anything, think before you act, take
heed of history but do not become a slave to it. I hope that
Days of Decision III helps in its own small way with
these tasks.
21. Glossary
Aden - The territory named Aden in DoD III is Aden,
Oman, Trucial States and Yemen in Africa Aflame and
Asia Aflame.
Aligned – a minor country joined in the war on your side
Area - Sea Area
AP - Army Point(s).
Build point - one build point equals one money.
British East Africa - The territory named British East
Africa in DoD III is Kenya, Nyasaland, Tanganyika and
Uganda in Africa Aflame.
China - The territory named China in DoD III includes
China (except North China – See below), Occupied China
and Hainan in World in Flames.
China, North - The territory named North China in DoD
III includes all World in Flames hexes in China in an arc
west, north-west and north-east of A0735 inclusive. Note
that the only cities included in this region are Lan-Chow,
Kashgar and Urumchi.
Colonies - minor countries controlled by a major power
at the start of the game.
Control, enemy - territory belonging to a major power or
minor country with which you are at war
Control, friendly - territory belonging to you; a major
power with which you have a treaty (and, if moving units
into your treaty partner’s territory, a level 2 or 3 treaty);
and territory belonging to a minor country that you have
conquered, aligned, or you are allied to it and your
political marker is stacked with its marker.
Control of minor country - A minor country in an
ideology is controlled by the closest major power allowed
to control it, which is also in that ideology (see 8.1.2).
Alternatively, while it is aligned to a major power, it is
controlled by that major power.
Control, Major Power - The home country, all territory
with the major power’s initials after it on the map and all
conquered and controlled minor country and major power
territories, less those territories conquered by another
major power.
CW - The Commonwealth
Directed minor country - The major power required to
run the affairs of an unaligned minor (e.g. being declared
war on, or a civil war commencing in, etc).
Display, the - The Status Display.
Enemy major power – Major power you are at war with.
Forces – Army or Navy points (WiFFE: units).
Germany - The home country territory named Germany
in DoD III comprises both East and West Germany in
World in Flames.
Home country - The territory containing the name of the
minor country or major power. If its name is on the
border of two territories (e.g. USA) both territories are
that nation’s home country. The Commonwealth has 6
home countries (The United Kingdom, Canada, South
Africa, India, Australia and new Zealand). Unless
otherwise specified in the rules, all references to the home
country territory of the Commonwealth refer to the
United Kingdom only.
Hostile minor – a minor country is hostile to all countries
specified on the back of its minor political marker.
Hostile Vichy – a Vichy major power is hostile to you if
you destroyed their forces on setup or you now have
offensives (WiFFE: units) in their home country.
Italian East Africa - The territory named Italian east
Africa in World in Flames includes Ethiopia, Eritrea,
French Somaliland, British Somaliland and Italian
Somaliland, in DoD III.
Initiative, highest (worst) - 8th position on the major
power Initiative Track.
Initiative, lowest (best) - 1st position on the major power
Initiative Track.
Major Power - There are 8 major powers in the game:
China, The Commonwealth, France, Germany, Italy,
Japan, the Soviet Union and the USA.
Map, the - The Political Map.
Minor Country - All territories with a name in red. Some
minor countries control other minor countries.
Money - your production points multiplied by your
production multiple is how much money you get each
turn.
Neutral - A major power or minor country not at war
with a major power.
Neutral Zone - that part of the Status Display outside the
3 ideologies.
NP(s) - Naval Point(s).
PE - Political Effectiveness.
Peacetime Maximum – Your maximum PM while not at
war with another major power.
Player - You or the people you are playing with.
PM (Production Multiple) - the large number in each
production multiple level on the PM track.
PM Track - the track on the map showing your current
production multiple.
PML (Production Multiple Level) - each box on each
PM track is a PML, with the leftmost box being PML 1.
Production point - each resource that reaches a useable
factory produces a production point each turn.
Rhodesia - The territory named Rhodesia in DoD III is
Northern Rhodesia, Rhodesia and Bechuanaland on the
Africa Aflame map.
Russia –The territory named Russia in DoD III is the
European (except for The Ukraine) portion of the Soviet
Union in World in Flames.
Savoy - The territory named Savoy in DoD III is all the
coastal hexes from Marseilles to the Italian border
inclusive in World in Flames.
Siberia - The territory named Siberia in DoD III is the
Asia and Pacific map hexes of the Soviet Union in World
in Flames.
South France - The territory named South France in
DoD III is the Vichy portion of France in World in
Flames.
Territory - Land area. In WiFFE terms it represents a
country or territory.
UK - United Kingdom.
USA, Eastern - The territory named Eastern USA in
DoD III is all hexes in the USA within 3 hexes of
Charleston in World in Flames.
USA, Western - The territory named Western USA in
DoD III is all hexes in the USA within 3 hexes of Seattle
in World in Flames.
Vichy Surrender - Conditional surrender
You - your major power
22. Bibliography
Bartholomew J., Joseph’s Reference Atlas, London
1935
Beevor A., The Spanish Civil War, London 1982
Burne J., Chronicle of the World, Paris 1991
Chaney Jr, O.P., Zhukov, Oklahoma, 1971
Costello J., The Pacific War: 1941-1945, NY 1982
Degras J., Soviet documents on Foreign Policy 1917-41,
3 Vols, NY, 1951-53
Dyer G., War, London 1985
Gilbert M. (ed), Marching to War: 1933-39, London
1989
Greene J., Handbook on the Italian Army in World
War II: 1940-1943, Cambria 1988
Griess T. (ed.), The Second World War: Europe and
the Mediterranean, NJ 1984
Keegan, J. (ed.), Times Atlas of the Second World
War, London, 1989
Keegan, J., The Second World War, London, 1989
Kennan G.F., Russia and the West under Lenin and
Stalin, Boston 1960
Kennedy P., The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers,
NY 1987
Lamb A., The Drift to War: 1922-39, London 1989
Large, C.D., Between Two Fires, New York 1990
Lewis, H.A.G., Times Atlas of the World, London, 1989
Overy, R., The Road to War, London, 1989
Salmaggi C. & Pallavisini A. (ed.), 2194 Days of War,
Milano 1977
Taylor AJP, How Wars Begin, London 1979
Taylor AJP, The Origins of the Second World War,
Middlesex 1987
Trevor-Roper H.R., Hitler’s War Directives: 1939-
1945, London 1964
Ulam A., Expansion and Co-existence: The history of
Soviet Foreign Policy: 1917-67, NY 1974
Uldricks T., Diplomacy and Ideology: the origins of
Soviet Foreign Relations: 1917-1930, London 1980
von Manstein E., Lost Victories, London 1982
